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1619 began the inception of slavery, as 12.5 million Africans were shipped to the New World and enslaved. Specifically in the United States, 13% of the population were enslaved Africans. Slaves were often dehumanized and poorly treated. Many were tortured, whipped, raped, etc. This constant abuse of slaves in America led to many slave rebellions and attempts of freedom over several years.

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The invention of the cotton gin increased demand for cotton, and many slaves were allocated to working in cotton plantations. Out of 3.2 million slaves in the United States, 1.8 million of them were picking cotton. Globally, the United States was the leading exporter of cotton, making up 2/3 of the global supply of cotton.

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This was a civil war fought between two sides of the divided US during the time, namely the Confederate and Union states. The Confederate states consisted of the southern states whilst the Union states consisted of the northern states. This battle was eventually won by the Union states, leading to the creation of the "United States of America". Once cause of this war was the conflicting opinions of slavery between the two sides, as the Confederacy was for slavery whilst the Union was against it.

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The 13th Amendment, proposed by Congress and passed by then-President Abraham Lincoln, officially abolished slavery and made the act of owning slaves illegal. Former slaves, after earning their freedom, were able to get married and many dropped their slave nicknames to express their freedom as a citizen, no longer in control by slave masters.

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Despite the abolition of slavery, many southern states of the US enacted "Jim Crow laws", a set of racist laws that segregated African Americans and white Americans, and denied African Americans the same privileges as white Americans. Former members of the Confederacy also banded together to form the Ku Klux Klan, abbreviated as the KKK. The KKK's objective was to harass African Americans, and some have gone so far as to kill or injure African Americans in racially motivated attacks.

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Due to the rising racial tensions and enactment of Jim Crow laws in the rural South, many African Americans chose to relocate to the major cities in the urban North, Midwest, and West such as New York City, Chicago, Detroit, Los Angeles, and Philadelphia. Despite hoping to escape the racist laws of the South, African Americans would still face institutionalised racism everywhere they went.

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1918 - The End of the War to End All Wars

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1918 - The End of the War to End All Wars

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After the Allied Powers defeated the Central Powers, the United States saw great cultural and economic development, as well as a booming increase in consumer demand. This particular decade of events was called the "Roaring 20s".

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The rise of many black jazz musicians and writers, such as Duke Ellington, Louis Armstrong, and Langston Hughes marked the birth of the Harlem Renaissance, an artistic and cultural movement amongst African Americans in Harlem at the time. The popularity of the Cotton Club was also significant as it gave black musicians and performers a strong source of income.