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an economic side effect of a good or service that generates benefits or costs to someone other than the person deciding how much to produce or consume

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a shared good or service for which it would be inefficient or impractical to make consumers pay individually and to exclude those who did not pay

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the concerns of society as a whole

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the principle that anyone can compete in the marketplace

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economic system that has some market-based elements and some level of government involvement

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the doctrine that government generally should not intervene in the marketplace

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a political system in which the government owns and controls all resources and means of production and makes all economic decisions

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a range of economic and political systems based on the belief that wealth should be distributed evenly throughout a society

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an economic system in which the government makes all decisions on the three key economic questions

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the power of consumers to decide what gets produced

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an individual’s own personal gain

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an economic system in which decisions on the three key economic questions are based on voluntary exchange in markets

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the use of fewer resources than an economy is capable of using

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the use of resources in such a way as to maximize the output of goods and services

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a graph that shows alternative ways to use a country’s productive resources

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a decision-making process in which you compare what you will sacrifice and gain by a specific action

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the most desirable alternative given up as the result of a decision

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the act of giving up one benefit in order to gain another, greater benefit

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the resources that are used to make goods and services

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the principle that limited amounts of goods and services are available to meet unlimited wants