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Nicholas Nilon Musk
Statement followed by Explanation followed by Examples

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1.Explain the purpose of Algorithms give 2 examples (Tyran Bunt)

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1.Explain the purpose of Algorithms give 2 examples (Tyran Bunt)

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An algorithm is a series of detailed instructions in a finite number of steps that will solve a problem in a set amount of time.

Two examples of Algorithms are; pseudocode and flowcharts

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2.Compare the terms " Intellectual property" and "Inclusitivity" 

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2.Compare the terms " Intellectual property" and "Inclusitivity" 

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intellectual property is someones right to own a idea, where as inclusivity is the act of implementing support for as many people as possible into the program that you or your group is creating.

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3.Elements of a Computer System are... (Patrick Khouri)

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3.Elements of a Computer System are... (Patrick Khouri)

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A computer system is made up of five elements or parts

- Personnel or people are the users of the system. End User

- Data are individual facts represented by binary code that are input into the system

- Hardware is the physical units of the system

- Software is the programs or sets of instructions that control the processing and movement of data within the computer system

- Procedures are the sets of instructions that specify what processing is to be performed

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6.Write and explain 1 EBNF statement (Geoffrey)

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6.Write and explain 1 EBNF statement (Geoffrey)

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EBNF statements are text-based metalanguages for describing the syntax of programming languages.

An Example of an EBNF statement;

Digit = 1|2|3

Number = <digit> * <digit>

Sum = {<Number>} - {<Number>}

Digit and number have been predefined. Digit can be any of three alternatives; 1, 2 or 3. Number is defined as a digit (1,2 or 3) followed by a terminal language element(*) and digit (1 or 2 or 3). Sum is then defined as a repetition of number.

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4.Explain the CPU "fetch cycle" (you may need to draw it in exam) (Ben)

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4.Explain the CPU "fetch cycle" (you may need to draw it in exam) (Ben)

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It is the process where a computer retrieves a program instruction from its memory, determines what actions the instruction requires, and carries out those actions. The steps are as follows:

Step 1.

Fetch– An Instruction is retrieved from memory and is decoded containing an opcode.

Step 2.

Decode – The opcode fetched from the memory is being decoded and moved to the appropriate registers.

Step 3.

Execute – The processing section carries out the decoded instruction, sending data to or from memory as needed. The ALU processes the data from the data bus according to the operation specified by the opcode.

Step 4.

Store – The result of the ALU’s calculation is stored in the accumulator.

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Q6  In identifying "control structures", ( p 102 Class text) what key words are used in... (Fearghas)

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Q6  In identifying "control structures", ( p 102 Class text) what key words are used in... (Fearghas)

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Binary selection: IF, ENDIF, ELSE

Multiway selection

Pre test loops (guarded loop)

Post test loops (unguarded loops)

Explain what are guarded and unguarded loops? ( pp102-108 class text)

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7.Describe 4 data types and their purpose. (Josh Ehlers)

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7.Describe 4 data types and their purpose. (Josh Ehlers)

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Boolean: For yes or no type variables such as a off or on button.

Integer: a variable to hold a whole number only

char: a variable to hold a single character, uppercase or lowercase

string: a variable that holds multiple characters such as a sentence

double: a variable that holds a number that is either whole or not.

array: holds multiple variables in one variable and can be accessed and edited by functions provided it is a mutable array.

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Convert 153 decimal to Hexadecimal

Convert 6E Hexadecimal to Binary then to a Decimal number

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8.Demonstrate each type  of errors : Syntax, Logic, Runtime. (Nathan)

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8.Demonstrate each type  of errors : Syntax, Logic, Runtime. (Nathan)

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Syntax error – An error in the rules governing the way in which a programming language can be combined.

eg: scott + 2

Run time error – An error which occurs when object code is executed. It may be the result of a logic error, an undefined arithmetic error (e.g. Divide by 0), or an overflow error.
eg: an error in compiling

Logic error – An error in the logic of the program which causes incorrect actions to be taken.
eg: a+b * 2

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12.Compare System software and Application Software (Fless)

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12.Compare System software and Application Software (Fless)

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System software: instructions for a computer to manage its resources including hardware and software, it is essential for the computer to operate.(Operating system) e.g Microsoft Windows, Linux and Mac OSX.

Application software: is software that preforms a specialised task, it carries out the functions of one (or more) application. e.g Microsoft Word (Word Processing), Microsoft Excel (Spreadsheet software) and iTunes (Music / Sound Software).

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- Counted Loop: Goes from one integer to a specified integer, incrementing by one each loop.

eg.

For i as integer = 0 to 100

'Code to run

Next

- Pre-test Loop: Loops whilst the statement at the beginning of the loop is true.

eg.

While Nathan = "Cool"

'Code to run

End While

- Post-test Loop: Loops whilst the statement at the end of the loop is true, guaranteed to run once.

eg.

Do

'Code to run

Loop While Nathan = "Cool"

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11.Compare desk checking and peer checking (Jackson)

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11.Compare desk checking and peer checking (Jackson)

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Desk-checking
Involves drawing up a table of the variables and outputs from the algorithm and then methodically working through the algorithm, with sets of test data, recording the changing values of the variables. The final results can then be compared to the expected results to see if the algorithm works as it should.

Peer-checking

Peer checking involves getting someone in your peer group to check your work by looking over it for errors and lack of efficiency.

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13.Intrinsic documentation is ...(Mr Senkalski)

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13.Intrinsic documentation is ...(Mr Senkalski)

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There is Documentation for Developers and Documentation for Users ( pp152-154 class text)

Students should know 2 examples of each ??

Developers documentation....

Users Documentation...

Internal documentation is contained in programs to assist programmers in modifying the program for further development and maintenance. 2 ways of employing "internal documentation are

1. Comments or remarks

2. Intrinsic documentation .Giving meaningful names to identifiers ie the use of meaningful names for variables and sub programs. eg  balance = balance - withdrawal means more than x=x-y (p 154 class text)