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Physically, between the ages of 8-12 most children grow 5-7.5 cm taller each year as their bones broaden and lengthen dramatically. Children at 8 are increasing their strength and coordination. They are growing in their flexibility, balance and agility. Puberty is still a couple of years away for most of them. Children strengthen their fine motor skills drawing people with details of clothing and facial features and begin to include depth cues such as drawing farther away objects smaller. They play games that require good hand to eye coordination and can do woodwork and needlework.

Emotionally, An 8-year-old may show more complex emotions and interactions. Most are able to mask their true thoughts or emotions to spare someone’s feelings.  Children’s ability to think may also be affected by their emotions at this age. They may have difficulty focusing when they're worried or may struggle to think about their options when feeling angry.

Socially, children are often closely attached to parental figures. Many children enjoy being part of groups. They enjoy their friendships with a few close friends, often of the same gender and based on common interests and proximity. Their interests, talents, friends, and relationships with family members help them establish a clear self-identity. Children are learning to see things from another child’s point of view. Children are often cooperative and enjoy responsibility. Children are starting to develop their values and a clearer sense of right and wrong.

Cognitively, between 8-9 many children find it easier to remember and pay attention, often being able to focus on a task for an hour or more. They learn to plan ahead and to reflect on their actions. They can express their ideas and give reasons. They are rapidly expanding their vocabularies, use and understand complex sentences and children often begin to exhibit verbal humour.

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Physically:  Children’s growth rate spurts at this age. They would no more look small but a sudden growth with very active physical movements such as climbing on a chair to help with picking things, folding blankets with no help. Their motor skills is development also spikes to more finer activities such as walking with a bucket of water and most students learn to solo cycle at this age passing by the tricycle phase.
Emotionally:  They would start to have strong self-esteem and would not prefer pointing their mistakes before their peers. Children at this age tend to mingle with students based on their interests in games and play time buddies. At this age students start trying humour in their conversation and have inside jokes among peers.

Socially: At this age students start to mimic their favourite film characters. Begin to argue and raise voice (not just crying and throwing tantrums) to with their parents to get the desired stuff done. Children would also start showing symptoms of taking up small responsibilities at home such as a quick run to the nearby shop. They would also try to and start liking to be independent such as not holding parents hand while crossing road. May start enacting mannerisms they observe and try out new attitudes they are exposed to.
Cognitively: Children would know to connect the dots and express their opinions with enhanced usage of vocabulary. They would also start observing the world around them such as knowing the community leader and the understand the influences he/ she has in that surrounding. This is the age where they begin to differentiate their feeling with others.

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Physically: The middle childhood stage of development majorly shows a steady physical development, this continues till puberty which often happens during the end of middle childhood or at the onset of adolescent age. The child gains an average of 3kg weight and 2 inches of height every year.

Children acquire an athletic appearance and their motor skills improve. Both the girls and boys have similar physical appearances until they reach puberty. The girls are often smaller than boys in height. Motor skills also increase. They love to run, climb, catch throw etc. The physical changes vary from each child according to the nutritional and medical attention a child receives.

Cognitively: A continuation of brain development from early childhood can be seen. The maturation of the central nervous system is important for the development of much more complex behavioural and cognitive skills. It is the most important period of brain development I guess. The growth of the frontal lobes is responsible for planning, reasoning, social judgment, and ethical decision making etc. So any kind of disruptions or damages caused by the external environment can cause severe repercussions. Hence the rate of development of this part of the brain during this stage plays an important role in the cognitive development of the child.

Socially: Parents starts to give responsibilities like going to a shop or fetching them something, which eventually inculcates responsibility and leadership skills in them. They start trying to be much more independent and self-helping. The environment in which the child grows is a variable affecting this growth.

Emotionally: They need affirmations and acceptance for their abilities and achievements. So the children who are getting regular acceptance and guidance are often confident about their skills and abilities, while the others who receive very less acceptance and support may tend to slip down into inferiority and self-doubt.

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Physically: Children of this age begin identifying their physical strength tremendously. And thus, it is important for them to gradually develop bodily functions like coordination, flexibility, the art of balancing the use of body parts, energy efficiency, and most importantly to recognise the body-mind coordination effectively. They are physically active and their motor skills surprise them in such a way that they are keen on experimenting the same inside and outside of homes/ schools. Eight year old children show gradual growth and significant differences in their facial features and in the length/width of their body i.e., hands and legs becoming long and big.

Cognitively: As eight year olds, their brain can be exclusive to rearranging thoughts and identifying reasons to how their brain and body works simultaneously. They begin to realise that they can reverse their own actions and that they are solely responsible for what they do and think. Most importantly their brain development shows that they can learn to put themselves in others' shoes when it comes to problem solving and decision making. Since they are knowing, they begin to identify, reason, and believe in problems and solutions.

Socially: At home, the children begin to see the what, why and how of their family and the family members. Since they have just grown from the 'being curious' stage; they identify home as a place of structure (that may or may not change) and they should stick by it despite the unconditional love that they recieve. (for eg:- the child waiting for his/her father everyday to eat dinner together and talk about how school went that day.) They look up to everyone at home.

At school/ outside of home, they
experience freedom and leisure because they are new to what they see and feel. They involuntarily learn something new, they take it back home, express their experience and feel truly accomplished ( for eg:- witnessing a beautiful park while coming back home from school.)

Emotionally: As an eight year old, a child begins to be aware of his/her surroundings and they might also pick up tons of questions to ask about because of the same. They remain joyful, excited and curious for a long time of the day. They begin to express honestly, they are true to their emotions, thoughts and actions. They are knowing of their feelings but they can't articulate all of what they feel.  They feel shy and they also are very confident about trying new things. They begin to differentiate their emotions as good and bad at this age.

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Physically: Children this age start developing increased strength and coordination. They enjoy using their new skills. There is usually a constant increase in height and weight. Their bodily proportions become similar to those of adults. They hit puberty around this age too and experience hormonal changes.
Emotionally: Beginning to develop personal values. Developing the understanding that there are consequences to their actions . Learning to analyze risk factors. They begin to show empathy and learn to handle emotions such as fear, frustration and rejection
Socially:  They learn to make appropriate decisions to resolve conflicts arising from the influence of peers. Start defining themselves through environment, friends, clothes, culture, TV, etc. Learning to express individual ideas in appropriate ways. They prefer same-sex friends and become competitive at this age.
Cognitively: A milestone of this period is using symbols to understand abstract concepts. Not only that, but older kids and adults can also think about multiple variables and come up with hypotheses based on previous knowledge.

[Sources: Institute Packets, https://www.kidcentraltn.com, healthline.com]

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Physically: Usually between this age, Children tend to go through major changes physically and does so until puberty. They tend to experience growth in both height and weight irrespective of the gender. The child gains an average of 3kg weight and 2 inches of height every year. The students also lose their baby teeth which is replaced with permanent teeth. They tend to engage in activities that help them develop their motor skills and also that utilise their physical structure i.e running, jumping, kicking, throwing etc. They also tend to indulge in sports of their interests that exert their physical energy. The kids have high flexibility and tend to develop motor skills that also complement their brain development. A few of them also tend to focus on building their physical structure/appearance. However this differs with the nutrition and care that they receive.

Cognitively: With the changes and growth in the physical structure, the kids also go through a brain development that helps them attain maturity during their adolescence. At this age, they mainly tend to understand the viewpoint of others around them and develop the ability to form multiple connections. They replace a magical thinking or pre-logical thinking with concrete logical thinking. While they replace that, they would be able to sequence things in order, develop ways to collect and retain information along with gaining the rationale behind every information. They inculcate the habit of questioning everything they see which leads them to practice exploring new things. It also helps them gain the ability of problem solving. They develop vocabulary, reading skills, communication and efficient writing skills along with gaining sense of basic operations. The students of this age gear up to develop decision making.

Emotionally: The children of this age seek more independence but tend to recognize basic social norms and appropriate behaviour. They tend to be curious which leads them to explore new things. They develop strong emotional connections with their friends and gain good experience in a healthy connection. They tend to express themseves in the most honest way possible and try to be their truest selves.

Socially: The kids tend to understand the basic social norms that is expected out of them. They demarcate between what is good behaviour and what is not. They tend to behave in a leisure manner at home and school and express themselves in way they enjoy. They are also curious about the social relationships.

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Physically: Nine-year-old children will begin to face numerous physical changes as they approach puberty. Children in this age group tend to grow about 2.5 inches tall and gain about 3 kg in a year. Girls at this age tend to get taller and weigh more than boys. The children will have stronger and smoother muscle control allowing them to expand their physical limits and interests. They will be able to persist in physical activities to reach a goal, such as when playing a game or completing a physical fitness challenge. There is increased stamina and body strength, improvement coordination and reaction time. At this age, they become very physically active, more flexible and their motor skills improve. Hence, it’s important that they are allowed to engage with activities that involve a lot of movement all through the day.

Cognitively: There is strong brain development happening in children at this age. They are able to think and reason out more. There is an increase in the ability to logically reasoning out and ask relevant questions. They have the ability to read and comprehend longer sentences. They are able to add and subtract four digit numbers and multiply and divide numbers. They generally struggle to understand everything that is taught in the get go. But, they have more determination and concentration span which gives a longer window to keep trying until they understand. Their ability to collect and retain information for a longer time increases. They are now able to make multiple connection with what they learn and the things they see around them and are now able to ask questions and remain curious. They are now able to give clear rationales (if asked to) for questions and situations. They get equipped to give their points of view if asked to and able to justify their stand to an extent.

Emotionally: Nine-year-old children tend to become very understanding of others, show more empathy and are more aware of their surroundings. Children start recognizing basic norms and appropriate behavior. They have much more stable and in control of their emotions and no longer throw tantrums for trivial issues they face. They try to be a lot more cognizant about expressing their emotions in front of others and tries to suppress sudden bursts of anger or sadness. At this stage, they start realizing what it is like to try and overcome fears that they had when they were younger.

Socially: Children at this age, tend to priorities friendship more and wish to spend more time with their peers than families. They start understanding the layers of friendship and are curious about social relationships. Children start working well with groups, taking up responsibilities and working towards shared goals. They start understanding what is right and wrong and what is socially accepted. They start identifying their kind of people to spend time with, particularly with respect to gender. As in, girls wish to hang out with other girls and boys with to spend time with other boys. The children now, may wish to spend more time outside their house with other people than stay at home.

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Physically: It is important that the kids of any age, especially the kids who belong to younger age groups to be active physically, they need to be proactive when it comes to games and activities. The games that they play mold their brain as well as their body.                                     Emotionally: Emotionally the children of this age group tend to be not strong enough as they are still young and innocent and minute things and actions from the elders might trigger fear or sorrow in their hearts. They are filled with love towards any person around whom they feel safe and free. A child of age group 8-9 must be given emotional support. He/she must feel inclusive it is important that they engage in group activities and not being the winner of the game must not make them jealous or angry instead they should be able to take it in its spirit.                                    Socially: The children are socially engaging at this age, if a person or any stranger interests them with games or topics that they love, they tend to mingle with the without a second thought unless they are restricted by an elder to do so. They make friends easily wherever they go and create a world for their own at this age. A few might be socially awkward but still if given some time they will come out of the shell and be engaging. Forcing children to participate only makes them take a step back but instead if they are given their own space and time to engage socially they will be more active then.                           Cognitively:  They will be the most curious and fearless kids one might meet as their minds know no limits when it comes to questions. They want to know anything and everything, They start to decide what excites them and what does not. They want to know the what, why, when, where and how of everything. It is important to keep this spark alive and not put it off.  It is the right age to focus on their interests and talents which might help them in future, as they are physically, socially and emotionally active. Activities and programs that can build off their talents might serve a purpose. They have the urge to find the logic and reason behind everything. The attention span is very short but yet most of the work on selective attention or either divided attention.

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Physically : Children at this age shifts from a kid to adolescence that accompany puberty. They experiences rapid changes in physical appearance and hormonal changes.
Emotionally: adolescents increase their ability to think abstractly and eventually make plans and set long-term goals. Each child may progress at a different rate and may have a different view of the world. In general, the following are some of the abilities that may be evident in your adolescent:
1-Develops the ability to think abstractly
2-Is concerned with philosophy, politics, and social issues
3-Thinks long-term
4-Sets goals
5-Compares one's self to one's peers

As your adolescent begins to struggle for independence and control, many changes may happen. The following are some of the issues that may be involved with your adolescent during these years:
1-Wants independence from parents
2-Peer influence and acceptance becomes very important
3-Romantic and sexual relationships become important
4-May be in love
5-Has long-term commitment in relationship

Socially :Children in this age rely more on friendships. Rebellious behavior is sometimes common during the teen years.
They learn to take decisions and starts thinking about socio-political & ecomomic matters. Seeks trust and acceptance from peer ,questions authority figures,tends to reject solutions offered by parents.

Cognitively :While 13-year-olds have fairly good problem solving skills , they also have difficulty thinking about the future.
They communicate similarly to adults.
Developing skills in the use of logic, finding justice and equality to be important issues are other milestones.

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Physically: At this age, children are going through a lot of changes physically. The onset of adolescence brings in growth into their physique. They not only become taller but also grow which equips them for reproduction. Girls begin their menstrual cycle around this age and boys also attain puberty leading to many bodily changes. Their bodies are transforming from a child to an adult with greater intensity of differentiation between the two sexes.

Emotionally: The onset of puberty is enhanced by immense hormonal activities. The first appearance of many behavioral variations in an adult is often found at this age. Controlling one’s own emotion becomes a great challenge during this age. Anger management issues and constant emotional breakdowns for minor issues are common . As a result of immense hormonal activities, children tend to develop sexual feelings for the opposite sex or the same sex. Children also become aware and conscious of their own bodies , leading to confidence issues. Children become capable of processing emotions in a more advanced manner . Children attain a false sense of pride or independence during this age, where they believe that they are right and are independent to carry out everything efficiently.

Socially: As they have left the phase of childhood, adolescents tend to face many changes in their social life. Their social equations begin to change. Girls and boys who might have been great friends during primary school might not retain that friendship at this phase. They tend to establish friendship with people of the same sex. A deeper level of friendship and understanding among children are established at this age, leading to lifelong relationships.  Due to the rapid change of thoughts and emotions, children tend to find themselves in a position where they are not understood or accepted by their parents. They find acceptance and connections among peer groups. This situations leads to the dominance of peer influence over parental relationships.  The parents who were the idols or heroes during childhood are now being replaced by friends. Peer influence is high at this age, leading to several unwanted practices which arise from the urge to explore.  Familial relationships tend to take a backseat during this phase of life.  Children also start developing their own personality and character around this age.

Cognitively: Rational thinking is developed at this age. Children tend to investigate or explore the rationale or logic behind everything in their environment. They longer accept things told by others, rather begins to question and find credibility for acceptance. A very simple example is the concept of religion. During early childhood and late childhood, children would have accepted religious norms and practices as part of their family. At this age, they begin to question the institution of religion and raise questions on the practices. The ideologies and principles of a child were highly similar to those of his or her parents till late childhood. During adolescence, children develop their own belief systems, ideologies, principles and moral beliefs which might not be similar to that of their parent’s. This leads to a conflict between two generations. Children have the most exploratory mind at this phase. They develop passions and ambitions more concretely at this age and work towards it.

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Physically:

1.  Hormones change as puberty begins

2. Most boys grow facial and pubic hair and their voices deepen.

3. Most girls grow pubic hair and breasts, and start their period

4.  Skin becomes oilier and may develop pimples

Emotionally:

1. Experience more moodiness.

2. Seek independence, but also adult approval

3. Show more interest in and are influenced by peer groups.

4. Often experience a significant drop or rise in self-esteem.

Socially:

1. Show more concern about body image, looks, and clothes

2. Express less affection toward parents; sometimes might seem rude or short-tempered

3. Seek independence, but also adult approval

4. Demonstrates interest in activities involving those of the other gender

5. Care greatly about relationships with peers, friendships, dating and crushes, and give peers more importance than family

Cognitively:

1. Have more ability for complex thought.

2. Begins to question family values and develop personal morals

3. Starts to understand cause-and-effect sequences

4. Becomes aware of the concepts of justice and equality

Sources:
www.cdc.gov
www.verywellfamily.com
www.advocatesforyouth.org
www.kidshealth.org

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Physically:
Children this age are very active physically and have increased stamina though they are under 25 Kg and 125 Cm.
Mostly girls at this stage seems to be bigger than the boys of the same age group.
Most of them have high appetite. They lose their Milk teeth and have steady Skeletal and muscular growth.
They have a refined finger control and other muscular neural co- ordination.
Socially:
They begin to work in groups and enjoy group activities
Show kindness, be supportive and generous
Can understand and empathize others in same situation
May develop gender stereotypes
Emotionally:
Develop competitiveness, self confidence and begin to evaluate themselves
Become sensitive, express their opinions and change emotions quickly
Look for sense of belonging and acceptance
Cognitive:
Increased abstract problem solving ability with logical reasoning
Can concentrate on what they do for longer periods of time
Able to understand the concept of time, space and dimension
Improved memory, ability to use more than one strategy and accurate in choices.

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Physical:
1) Development of already present basic physical changes
2) Loosing temporary teeth to make space for permanent teeth
3) Improvement in muscle control and coordination
4) Development of fine motor skills like brushing, bathing, getting dressed, etc,.. on their own.
5) Writing neatly between the lines.
6) SS weigh between 25 and 30 kgs.
7) SS are 125 to 130 cm tall.
8) They are highly energetic most of the time.
Physical activities that 8 year olds need:
- 60 mins of moderate to vigorous physical activity everyday.
- Vigorous activity at least 3 times a week.
- Activities to strengthen muscles and bones like hopscotch, push ups, gymnastics, climbing ropes and trees, running, dancing, etc,..

Sources:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R0-PBXXljXM

https://parenting.firstcry.com/articles/8-year-old-child-developmental-milestone-what-to-expect/

Social:
1) Love being part of social groups.
2) Enjoy school
3) Prefer having a little me time
4) Learn to handle emotions like failure, disappointment or frustrations better as their cognitive abilities grow and they move into concrete operational stage.
5) Start understanding feelings of 0thers
6) Start placing themselves in another person's shoes
7) Discover own interests
8) Realize we are different from others
9) Like to show we are doing things right
10) Recognition from peers and teachers encourages SS to be more industrious
11) Too much negative feedback leads to loosing motivation and causes inferiority
12) Neighbors and school influence the most at this stage.

Source:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aYCBdZLCDBQ

https://www.verywellfamily.com/8-year-old-developmental-milestones-620729#social-development

Emotional:
1) Children start flip slopping between self confidence and self doubt
2) Become more balanced in coping with frustration, failure and disappointment.
3) Lying, cheating and stealing can be expected at this age as they are figuring out what is accepted behavior and what is not.
4) May be quite sensitive and overly dramatic
5) Can change emotions quickly

Source:
https://www.kidcentraltn.com/development/8-10-years/social-and-emotional-development-ages-8-10.html

Cognitive:
1) Use negotiating, problem solving and compromising skills among peers
2) Develop competence in competitive games and sports
3) Discover logic and concrete cognitive operations
4) Making conclusions and generalizations
5) Understand the concept of conservation
6) Rearrange thoughts and classify
7) Understand the concept of reversal of action
8) Application of learning in the world

Source:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IhcgYgx7aAA

https://www.kidcentraltn.com/development/8-10-years/social-and-emotional-development-ages-8-10.html

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Physical:
- Increase in muscle strength and stamina that aid in physical activities and sports.
- Master gross motor skills.
- Improve smaller muscles that help in fine- motor skills like writing and craft.
- Improved reaction time.
- Grow out of their baby teeth.
- Girls begin to experience sexual development.
- Need good nutrition, enough sleep and regular exercise.

Emotional:
- Establish an identity for ''self.''
- Realize and understand the concept of empathy.
- Gradually shift from egocentric to group
- Exhibit indipendence and begin to develop self-esteem.
- Ask for recognition and acceptance.

Socially:
- Establishing and develop strong bonds.
- Learn behaviour by immitating people/ characters they look up to.
- Begin to distinguish gender and  tend to group with same gendre.
- Begin to identify as part of a team/ group.
- Able to choose what to say based on situation: aware of situation.

Cognitively:
- Begin to rationally analyse and question
- Development of higher cognative abitities like problem solving and decision making.
- Able to logically pose arguements.
- Develop language skills to communicate how they feel  and express perspective.
- Able to understand the concept of money, time, space and dimention.

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Physically:

For a 8 year old kid, physical development is more about refinement of skills, coordination, and muscle control rather than huge changes. They begin to look like "big kids," but puberty is still a couple of years away for most of them.Children with natural athletic potential may show their abilities at this age as their physical skills become more precise. This is the age at which children decide whether they are athletic or not and choose to participate in or avoid sports.

Emotionally:

An 8-year-old may show more sophisticated and complex emotions and interactions.Most are able to mask their true thoughts or emotions to spare someone’s feelings. For example, a child who doesn’t like a present may still smile and thank the gift giver.This is also the time when your child may be developing a more sophisticated sense of themselves in the world.Their interests, talents, friends, and relationships with family members help them establish a clear self-identity. It's also the beginning of desiring privacy and flip-flopping between self confidence  and self-doubt.

Socially:

This is the phase of social development where many children love being a part of social groups. In general, 8-year-old children enjoy school and will count on and value relationships with a few close friends and classmates, and may gravitate primarily toward friendships with peers of the same gender. It is the age when they begin to understand how someone else feels in a given situation and will be more capable of placing themselves in another person’s shoes.

Cognitively:

Eight-year-olds usually make great gains in their cognitive development. Most of them begin to have an understanding of money, both literally and conceptually. For example, while counting money can be a difficult skill to learn, kids often begin to understand that it takes money to buy items. The child’s ability to think will also be affected by their emotions at this age. They may have difficulty focusing when they're worried or may struggle to think about their options when feeling angry.

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Physically:

1. Height and weight - Kids at the age of 8 show a height of 122-129cm and weight of 23-27 kg.

2. Teeth - Kids tend to lose 2-4 milk teeth at this age and are replaced by permanent teeth at this age

3. Motor and muscle development - Fine motor skills develop at this age which gives them the ability to develop complex craft and drawing skills. They can also do basic activities like brushing, bathing, making beds etc independently. They prefer outdoor activities to explore their newly attained large and small muscle development.

4. Comparative growth - Since girls are approaching puberty, they tend to grow faster than boys.

Emotionally:

1. Kids at this age wanted to be around friends and get involved in group activities

2. Their emotional behaviour can be influenced by their families, friends, community, stories they hear and cartoons they watch

3. Kids can develop empathy for their friends and family members

4. Kids shifts from egocentric to logical wants to be acknowledged, accepted and loved by their peers and family

5. Can become discouraged if neglected by surroundings

Socially:

1.  Kids at this age like to play with their friends and siblings rather than playing alone.

2. Since they start to exhibit empathy at this stage they tend to understand the perspective of their peers and family members.

3. Develop sportsmanship

4. Can communicate their uniqueness, strength and Areas of development

Cognitively:

1.  Can make inferences based on evidences

2. Can perform logical arithmetic operations, read sentences and their logical reasoning increases

3. Can remember facts easily and starts to apply their acquired knowledge

# data[].attributes.body
Physically, they experience a growth spurt - with significant weight gain. ( begins earlier for girls and lasts longer for boys)   There is a steady increase in muscle development, strength, balance and coordination. Girls and boys grow about 2-3 inches and 3 kgs until puberty. Skeletal bones and muscles broaden and lengthen. Gross and fine motor skills continue to refine during middle childhood.

Psychosocially, they may experience an increase in independence and responsibilities. Same gender friendships are especially prevalent during this period. Friends also help each other to develop self‐esteem and a sense of competency in the social world. As boys and girls progress through middle childhood, their peer relationships take on greater importance.  Peer relationships may also cause the development of concerns and worries over popularity based on social status and conformity.

As with same‐age peers, friendships in middle childhood are mostly based on similarities.Intolerance for those children who are not similar leads to prejudice, or negative perceptions about other groups of people. While peers and friends may reinforce prejudicial stereotypes, many children eventually become less rigid in their attitudes toward children from other backgrounds.They might also experience peer pressure as a result of peer friendships and relationships.

Cognitively, the development occurring between ages 7 and 11 is termed as the concrete operational stage.  children cannot think both logically and abstractly. They think concretely—in tangible, definite and uni‐directional terms—based on real and concrete experiences rather than on abstractions. They can engage in classification ( group according to a particular feature) and serial ordering ( logical progression). Children also demonstrate conservation - the ability to see how physical properties remain constant as appearance and form change. Egocentrism slowly fades away and the children understand that people might have different opinions and feelings. There is a development of some brain structures such as the frontal lobe. This area is responsible for planning, reasoning, social judgement and ethical decision making.

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Physically:

Children at the age of eight start attaining more accurate physical skills. The children will be curious to participate in all the physical activities, start enjoying running, swimming and the other physical fun tasks. The children will start performing their everyday motor skills themselves without much of parents’ efforts. The children will start getting their permanent teeth. Learning to play musical instruments which improves their small muscle movements and control.

Cognitively:

The children start to start to understand their environment and start learning difficult skills. The right age for the children to practice what they learn, ex: money. The problem-solving capabilities increases and start developing long term memories. The children may tend to show a lot of emotions that at times makes them unfocused on few things when they are worried or angry that affects their cognitive development in the future when left unaddressed. The children will start understanding their role at their home, school and in the world as they ask a lot of questions on the same and improving the ability to perceive things the see.

Emotionally:

The age where the children will start asking for a me time when things start going different than they would have thought.

The children tend to show a lot of emotions but also have the ability to understand the reason for such emotions when attended and the conversations are made easy. The children will like to talk a lot with their family members, friends and people in their community to gain emotional strength. The children will start exploring their interests, talents that helps them establish their self-identity sometimes boosts self confidence at the same time self-doubt.

Socially:

The children like to socialize with people around them like family members, friends, Community people. When there are limited conversations happening, the children start feeling worried, angry, unloved and that completely affects everything they do. Socializing gives them emotional comfort. Bullying sometimes gets started at this age and the children has to be taught about how to handle situations. The self confidence improves a lot and the children develop their thinking on what is right and wrong based on what they see around them and what role they play in it.

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Physical Development
:: For 8-year-old children, physical development is more about the refinement of skills, coordination, and muscle control rather than huge changes.
:: They begin to look like "big kids," but puberty is still a couple of years away for most of them.
:: Children with natural athletic potential may show their abilities at this developmental stage as their physical skills become more precise and accurate.
:: In fact, this is often the age at which children decide whether they are athletic or not and choose to participate in or avoid sports.

Either way, it's important to encourage them with physical activity. Even if your child isn't an athlete, he or she can still enjoy running, swimming, biking, and many other types of non-sports-related physical fun.

Key Milestones
:: The more fluid combination of locomotor and motor skills (Kids can turn, spin and jump, and perform tasks that help them in sports.)
:: Coordination continues to improve.
:: Improved small muscle control continues to be refined, making activities such as playing musical instruments or using tools much easier and enjoyable.

Parenting and guiding Tip
:: Some 8-year-olds may become more aware of body image, and their confidence about their appearance may affect how they feel about themselves and their relationships with their peers. It’s important to talk about health, rather than appearance, and help your child find activities that help them feel good about themselves.

Emotional Development
:: An 8-year-old may show more sophisticated and complex emotions and interactions.
:: Most are able to mask their true thoughts or emotions to spare someone’s feelings. For example, a child who doesn’t like a present may still smile and thank the gift giver.
:: This is also the time when a child may be developing a more sophisticated sense of themselves in the world. Their interests, talents, friends, and relationships with family members help them establish a clear self-identity.
:: It's also the beginning of desiring privacy and flip-flopping between self-confidence and self-doubt.

Key Milestones
:: May begin to desire more privacy
:: Seeks direct physical contact from caregivers when under stress, but may resist physical contact at other times
:: Becomes more balanced in coping with frustration, failure, and disappointment

Parenting and guiding Tip
:: Appreciate the child for coping with emotions in a healthy way. Say, “Great job taking a break for a minute when you were frustrated with your math homework.” Look for opportunities to keep teaching your child more sophisticated emotion regulation skills.
Social Development
:: This is the phase of social development where many children love being a part of social groups. In general, 8-year-old children enjoy school and will count on and value relationships with a few close friends and classmates, and may gravitate primarily toward friendships with peers of the same gender.
:: We should be on the lookout for problems such as school refusal, as this may indicate learning difficulties or being bullied at school. This is also a good age at which to discuss respecting others.
:: We may begin to see a newfound sense of self-confidence in your 8-year-old child as they express their opinions about people and things around them. They may pay more attention to news events and want to share their thoughts on current event topics.
:: Eight-year-old children are still developing an understanding of what is "wrong" or "right," and lying or other behavior requiring discipline may need to be corrected.

Key Milestones
:: Begins to understand how someone else feels in a given situation and will be more capable of placing themselves in another person’s shoes
:: Exhibits a wide spectrum of pro-social skills including, being generous, supportive, and kind
:: Desires to adhere strictly to rules and be "fair," which can sometimes lead to conflicts during organized group play.

Parenting and guiding Tip
By age 8, many kids develop gender stereotypes such as “boys become doctors” and “girls become nurses.” "Boys are strong" and "girls are week" It’s important to pay attention to what your child is learning from media.
In this regard and to point out characters and people in their own lives who prove these blanket assumptions wrong.

Cognitive Development
:: Eight-year-olds usually make great gains in their cognitive development. Most of them begin to have an understanding of money, both literally and conceptually.
:: While counting money can be a difficult skill to learn, kids often begin to understand that it takes money to buy items.
:: Child’s ability to think will also be affected by their emotions at this age. They may have difficulty focusing when they're worried or may struggle to think about their options when feeling angry.
:: Most kids this age are able to tell time and exhibit a better understanding of how long time increments are. When you say, “You have 10 more minutes until we have to leave,” or “Your birthday is three days away,” your child will have a greater understanding of what that means than he might have before.

Speech & Language
:: Most 8-year-olds continue to rapidly develop their vocabularies, with an estimated 3,000 new words learned during the year. Children who read a lot expand their vocabularies the fastest.
:: Children also begin to show the ability to play on words and they exhibit verbal humor. They develop a better sense of irony—the use of a word to convey the opposite of its literal meaning.
Play
:: The way kids play at age 8 depends greatly on the activities they’ve been exposed to. While some kids may love playing sports with their friends, others may find great joy in doing art projects or creating music. Many kids this age love to dance, perform, and sing.

Key Milestones
:: Able to focus on a task for an hour or more
:: Understands more about their place in the world
:: Has a greater capacity to do mental math, as well as to work with abstract and larger (three-digit) numbers

Parenting and guiding Tip
:: Let the child use their budding problem-solving skills to tackle some of the challenges they encounter on their own. Whether they keep forgetting or don’t know how to complete their science fair project, encourage them to brainstorm potential solutions. Then, help them choose a strategy to try.

# data[].attributes.body
Physical Development :

Grow about 2.5 in (6 cm) and gain about 7 lb (3 kg) in a year.

Lose about four baby teeth each year, which are replaced by permanent teeth.

Slow and steady growth (Arms are lengthening; hands are growing. Girls are growing faster)

Approaching or reaching puberty for girls, which can make them look grown-up

Increased stamina (They can run and swim farther)

Improved coordination and reaction time

Increase in large-muscle coordination, leading to success in organized sports and games. Increase in small-muscle coordination, allowing them to learn complex craft skills. Refinement of finger control.

Enjoyment of rough-and-tumble games with peers. Refinement of group game skills and team sports skills such as throwing, catching and kicking

Development of manual skills and interest in things such as cooking, carpentry and play games where they imitate adults around them

Cognitive Development :

Can rapidly develop their vocabularies. For example : fruits, vegetables, objects around them, 2-letter word, 3- letter word, etc.

Able to focus on a task for an hour or more

Understands more about their place in the world

Has a greater capacity to do mental math, as well as to work with abstract and larger (three-digit) numbers, Can count backwards, Know the date, Know days of the week and months. They begin to understand facets of the adult world like money and telling time

write numbers and words more accurately, but they might still confuse some letters – for example, b/d and p/g

have better reading than spelling skills. They can interpret the context and begins to create stories.

They will improve pronunciation and learn to follow more commands in a row than they could at age 7

They begin to think hypothetically, considering a number of possibilities, and are able to think logically.

Start to think about the future.

Emotional Development:

Continue to develop social skills like empathy and compassion.

They may develop special interests that are a source of motivation.

Learn better ways to describe experiences and talk about thoughts and feelings.

Becomes more balanced in coping with frustration, failure, and disappointment comparatively.

Begins to understand how someone else feels in a given situation and will be more capable of placing themselves in another person’s shoes

Understand they can feel two emotions at the same time (I like Jenny but I hate how she talks to me)

Seeks direct physical contact from caregivers when under stress, but may resist physical contact at other times

Show more independence from parents and family. Become more able to do things by themselves and as a result, their relationship with parents changes.

Social Development :

Have less focus on one’s self and more concern for others

Exhibits a wide spectrum of pro-social skills including, being generous, supportive, and kind

Are intensely interested in peers, prefer same sex friends; develop friendships marked by give and take, mutual trust and shared experiences.

Feel that belonging and acceptance by peers is very important. (Children may look more for peers than to adults for gratification).Pay more attention to friendships and teamwork. Want to be liked and accepted by friends.

Play is no longer just fantasy play where imagination is the key element; more often children choose rules-based games where the rules are the key element and winning the game is more frequently the objective.

Desires to adhere strictly to justice, rules and be "fair"; what is fair or equal is important and some children may try to get even and become verbally or physically aggressive which can sometimes lead to conflicts during organized group play

Are able to view themselves based on: how they perform in school; capacity to make friends; and their physical appearance.