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Zacharias Janssen and his son Hans Janssen who were two eyeglass makers used multiple lenses and placed them in a tube. While experimenting they noticed that the things they viewed in front were enlarged."Creating both the telescope and the forerunner of the compound microscope."

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A simple microscope was built by Anton Van Leeuwenhoek that had only one lense to observe blood, yeast, insects, and other tiny objects. He was also the first to describe bacteria.

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Joseph Jackson Lister reduced spherical aberration. He did this by showing that many weak lenses put together at specific distances gave a good magnification without it blurring the image. This was known as the prototype for the compound microscope.

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The ultramicroscope was made by Richard Zsigmondy. "It was capable of studying objects below the wavelength of light. He won a Nobel Prize in 1953 for Chemistry.

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The electron microscope was co-invented by Ernst Ruska in which he won a Physics Nobel Prize in 1986. Electron microscopes can view things that are up to as small as an atom. An electron microscope uses electrons rather than light to observe an object. Electrons are sped up in a vacuum until their wavelength is very short—only 0.00001 that of white light.

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The phase-contrast microscope was created by Frits Zernike. This microscope was able to study colorless and transparent biological materials. He won the 1953 Nobel Prize in the category physics.

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Gerd Binning and Heinrich Rohrer invented one of the strongest microscopes known as the scanning tunneling microscope. It gives three dimensional images down to the atomic level of objects. For this he won a Physics Nobel Prize in 1986.