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Although it may not be a discovery as such, at this time what is probably the first astronomical record occurs: man represents the lunar phases with bones.

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He was the first person, as far as we know, to postulate a heliocentric model of the solar system.  His most important observation was probably the one that led him to be able to measure the ratio of Earth-Moon to Earth-Sun distances.

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Eratosthenes is particularly remembered for having established for the first time the length of the circumference of the Earth.

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Mythical narrative or model that pretends to give an answer to the origin of the universe and of humanity itself. This model is established as such in this time.

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Philosophy (which eventually led to the creation of different religions such as Catholicism) gave explanations for our origin based on gods. The first philosopher, Thales of Miletus, suggests that the Earth is a disc and floats on water. The evolution of philosophy also created the metaphysics.

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He is the first to suggest that the earth was a sphere.

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The Old Testament is dated for the first time in which a complete explanation of the origin of the universe is given by God: father, son and holy spirit.

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He proposes the geocentric model which will remain in force for more than 18oo years. He also describes the phases of the moon and the mechanism of ellipses.

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The first theoretical sighting of what we now call Halley's comet. The observation takes place in China.

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He argues that the Earth is not the centre of the universe and that everything is in constant motion, including the sun.

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Publishes Commentariolus, a book which explains a first model of the heliocentric system. It placed the sun at the centre of the universe.

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Calcula de forma exacta el movimiento planetario.

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Invents the first telescope. Even so, no definitive breakthroughs were made until Galileo Galilei's telescope.

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He discovers the 4 moons of Jupiter and provides solid evidence for the heliocentric model.

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Publishes Astronomia Nova establishing the first two laws of planetary motion. Later, he discovers and writes the third, thus consolidating the so-called "Kepler's Laws".

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Postulates the law of universal gravitation.

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He calculated the speed of light based on the time it took for one of Jupiter's moons, Io, to appear and disappear.

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He invented the Newtonian telescope through which, in addition to planets and stars, nebulae and galaxies could be observed for the first time.

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He enunciates the corpuscular theory of light which, very basically, explains that light is composed of massless particles travelling in a straight line.

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He realises that the comet observed in that year could be the same as the comet of 1607, 1531... That is why it gets its name.