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God calls Abraham the father of faith, and every call to faith is modeled after this one. When Abraham accepts, they create a covenant together, but it is unilateral. God knows that man will break it. However, he will always keep his part. God then makes the sign of this covenant circumcision, which was a pagan practice that shows the movement from childhood to manhood.

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Solomon begins to not follow in the wisdom of God him. He married pagan wives who corrupted him and had him start to believe in their gods. He built their god's temples, and through his worship, he fell into the sin of idolatry. Solomon had even taxed his people heavily to pay for his temples, except his won tribe f Judah. God warned him twice to stop and tried to convert him back. However, Solomon did not respond to God's call both times. Even though Solomon has significantly sinned, God will keep his promise to David. Solomon will die knowing he failed as a king, creating a rough transition between kings.

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Before David was king, he checked on his brothers at war. He went to the front lines and confronted the largest Philistine. David said, "Who is this uncircumcised Philistine that he should insult the armies of the living God?". David slew him with his sling. David went to Saul and told him how a young shepherd boy could challenge the largest Philistine. David had to ward off lions, tigers, and bears and rejected the king's armor. All he needed was five smooth stones and a sling. David's victory led to his massive popularity.

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The Jabesh-Gilead are under attack and need help immediately. The people got to Saul for help, and their messengers found him coming in from the fields. The spirit of God rushed upon him, and he became furious. He mustered 300,000 troops from Israel and 70,00 from Judah. The Israelites walk out victorious and go to Gilgal to make Saul king of Israel and Judah. Saul is only accepted as king of Israel after a military crisis and victory.

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Israel thinks they need a king. So, they go on and ask Samuel to appoint one. They ask because they lack faith, loss to the Philistines, and neighboring cities have kings. They do not need a king because they have God as king. However, they want a visible king. God then tells Samuel to appoint a king even though it will be bad for them. Samuel appoints Saul to be the first king.

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Hannah had been barren for a long time. She became pregnant. This mirrors other events, such as Sarah and Mrs. Manoah. As the births of Issac, Jacob, Samson, John the Baptist, and Samuel, this was an act and gift of God. The song of Hannah parallels Mary’s Magnificat and recounts the greatness of God and His deeds. It tells how He reverses things, raises the lowly, and lowers the great. As an act of gratitude, Hannah gave Samuel back to God by working at Shiloh.

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Gideon had a famous “Fleece test.” He put a fleece on the floor, and if it was wet the first time, then dry the second time, it meant God was with them. He was so faithful in God he sent all those afraid home(10,000 troops). He sent those that scooped the water with their hands home, too (9,700 troops). That left only 300 troops. However, they still won the battle.

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Joshua gathered all the tribes at Shechem. He talks about all that God has done for them. He also says we need to turn away from all other gods. The people say we will not follow other gods. Joshua says they will fall into idolatry. Joshua gave the tribes their land.

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The Fall of Jericho and the Battle of Gibeon

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The Fall of Jericho and the Battle of Gibeon

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Led by Joshua, the Jews surrounded the city of Jericho, and for six days straight, they circled the city. On the seventh day, and on the seventh circle around Jericho of that day, Joshua commands the Jews to shout their loudest, causing the walls around Jericho to collapse. The city was then taken over by the Jews and put under a BAN. Other nations were attacking the town and the people of Gibeon. Joshua is called for help by the people of Gibeon, so he calls up to the Lord. " The Lord threw down great stones from." The sun also stood still at this battle. Both of these are done entirely by God.

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When the Chosen People enter the Promised Land, they must cross the Jordan River. The Priests carry the Ark when crossing. The water miraculously stops at the city of Adam. This crossing is very similar to the Crossing of the Red Sea. This shows how God is with Joshua as He was with Moses. Joshua, after the crossing, circumcises all the men to show the renewal of the covenant. The CP celebrate the first Passover in Promised Land.

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Moses dies after living for 120 years in an unknown place on Mt. Nebo. Right before his death, he could “see” the Promised Land. However, he could never set foot inside it due to him questioning God at Meribah. Joshua then takes over the leadership of the Jews to enter into the Promised Land. Due to this, Joshua is blessed by the Lord and receives the Holy Spirit. The Pentateuch ends at Moses’ death and Joshua’s assumption of leadership.

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During the CP’s journey from Mount Hor to PL, they detach from going straight east because of their punishment for unfaithfulness. Also, to avoid the Edomites, it served as a spiritual boot camp for 40 years. They run out of food and water along their way, so they start to complain instead of having faith. The Lord punishes them by sending snakes who but and killed the CP. Then CP start to repent, so God saves them by telling Moses to mount a Bronze Serpent on a pole. When they looked upon it, they were saved. The Bronze Serpent foreshadows Jesus on the Cross because you are saved if you look upon him.

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Twelve spies enter the land of Negeb. The spies return and say the land flows with milk and honey. The people do not think they are strong enough to overtake the land. However, Joshua and Caleb say we should enter the land. Caleb says, “we can certainly prevail.” Joshua says, “if the Lord is pleased with us, he will bring us into this land and give it to us.” The Chosen People then rebel and say we should stone Moses and Aaron. They also say we should go back to Egypt. God then does not allow any 20 years or older man except for Joshua and Caleb to enter the Promised Land. Moses could not enter because he was unfaithful at Meribah. Aaron was unfaithful when he made the Golden Calf.

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While Moses was up on the mountain for 40 days, the CP grew tired. They asked Aaron to make them a new god. Aaron had them get all their gold and threw it into a fire. Out came a golden calf that the people started to pray and worship. When Moses came down the mountain, he was extremely angry with the CP and Aaron.

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Moses went up the mountain for 40 days, and God gave him commandments written on tablets for the CP to follow. When Moses came down the mountain, he saw that the CP were praising a Golden Calf because they had no clear leader, and they wanted something to praise. In his anger, Moses threw down the tablets, breaking them.

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The Promise of Covenant was the promise between God and the Jews, which entitled God never to abandon the Jews. This promise was made because the Jews were God’s chosen people. This promise entitled the Jews always to serve God throughout their entire lives. This promise had the Jews follow the lords ten commandments shown to them by Moses. To commemorate this covenant, the people built 12 pillars, a permanent memorial to the 12 tribes.

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After God cast the tenth and final plague, the Passover, upon the people of Egypt, Pharaoh almost begged the Israelite's to leave his land. God then led the CP as a pillar of cloud and fire through an undirect passage to the PL. On their way, Pharaoh changes his mind and starts to pursue the CP and ends up trapping them. The Israelites, having been trapped, start complaining instead of trusting in God. Moses then lifts his staff and parts the water. This shows a sign of God's intervention, and if you trust in God, he will provide..

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The first Passover consists of the angel of death passing over the houses of the Egyptians so that all the firstborn males would die. The only way to stop this was to put lamb's blood over the house's doorpost that you are staying in. Also, Do not leave the house until morning. This also foreshadows the coming and death of Jesus. Jesus will be the lamb to be sacrificed to save humanity.

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After God talks with Moses, he tells him to free His people. Moses then goes to Pharaoh and tells him to free them. However, Pharaoh refuses to release. So, Moses will then inflict a plague through the power of God. After the plague, Pharaoh will say I will release them. Then Moses takes back the plague, and Pharaoh changes his mind. The first four plagues torment the people. The fifth and sixth ones attack the lives stock, and the seventh and eighth attack the crops. The last two were about darkness and the killing of the firstborn. The ten plagues are miraculous in timing and effect.

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While Moses is tending Jethro's flock on Mt. Sinai, he sees a bush burning with bright colors. God uses the miraculous in his threefold-calling of Moses. First, God tells about how he has even and is displeased with the burdens and suffering of his people. He wants Moses to take the CP from Egypt to the PL, flowing with milk and honey. Finally, God calls Moses to monotheism from henotheism. At first, Moses was hesitant to accept this call because he felt unworthy due to his speech impediment. However, God makes his brother Aaron his spokesman to counteract this. God then gives Moses his name, Yahweh, concluding that they had an extraordinary relationship.

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Joseph was locked in prison for accusations of attempted rape. He interpreted a dream of 3 clusters of grapes for a butler. Joseph said the butler would return to service in three days. He also interpreted a baker's dream. This dream was about three cakes being eaten by the birds. He said the baker will be executed in 3 days. Pharaoh is told about his ability. So, he asks Joseph to interpret his dream about seven healthy cows and seven ugly cows. Joseph said this meant seven years of plenty followed by seven years of famine.

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The dream of Jacob's ladder is the renewal of the covenant made with Abraham and Isaac. The dream is about angels coming up and down a ladder extending up to heaven. This shows there is no separation between God/Heaven and man/earth. Bethel means house of God and is where Abraham had previously built an altar. Jacob calls this place a gate to heaven, and currently, our gate of heaven is the Church instituted by Jesus.

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The Sacrifice of Isaac is an example of obedience to God. God asked Abraham to sacrifice his only son, and he is willing to do it. God promised Abraham a son. God also promised Abraham that he would have descendants as many as the stars, and now God is about to take that away. Most people would say no, but Abraham is not an ordinary person. He is a father and model of faith. God then changes his mind and decides not to sacrifice Isaac. He will then continue the Covenant with Isaac. The sacrifice of Isaac also foreshadows God offering His only son for humanity.

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This story comes many years after the flood, and it is an excellent example of the theme that if any work is done in defiance of God, it is doomed to fail. This is another sin story that explains the diversity of languages. It is based around an actual pagan tower attempting to go up to the gods in the sky.

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God was not happy with the people, for all their desires were evil. He regretted ever creating them. So, God said He would wipe the people, animals, crawling things, and the birds of the air off the face of the earth. However, God has favored Noah and warned him about this flood. He tells him to build an ark of gopherwood. He also tells him to bring his sons and their wives, two of all living creatures. God then floods the earth for 40 days and 40 nights. The waters receded after 150 days. After they get off the ark, God says, “Be fertile and multiply and fill the earth.” This is where God establishes the covenant with Noah and his descendants. The covenant is that He shall never again destroy all creatures by a flood. The sign of this covenant was the rainbow.

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Eve ate from the tree after being tempted by the serpent. She then had Adam eat from the tree. When God called for them, they both hid, then when God confronted them, they were clothed. God asked them who told them they were naked and had they eaten from the tree, but he already knew. God banished them from the garden, and they now suffer from disease and death. All the future generations from then on have original sin.

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This story aims to stress the importance of relationships and the anthropomorphism of God. The most important relationships are Man-God, Man-Nature, and Man-Man. Man-God shows our dependence on God for everything. Man-Nature shows our superiority as humans to animals, but we have to be responsible with these powers and not abuse them. Man-Man is characterized by human's ability to perfectly complete each other, which gives a necessity for relationships. One is not superior to another. The narrative part of this story centers around the first two humans, Adam and Eve.

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Old Testament starts with the First creation account or the P account of creation. The purpose of the P author is to express that God is the creator of everything. God creates from nothing; nothing existed before God created it. The Seven days of creation describe how the Earth, the Heavens, and everything else was made. This story truly expresses the importance of God’s role in our lives and faith. He also created the Sabbath, the seventh day, as a day of rest. This shows that just like God, we need to take a day of rest on Sunday and go to church to be with God.