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- Solid
- Can conduct electricity
- Can conduct heat

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The study of material characteristics based off its properties

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- Understanding and using the materials in our daily lives
- Study of the materials in our lives and how they can be changed or manipulated
- The study of available materials and the search for new ones
- Describes the understanding of the solids that emerges from the combined viewpoints of chemistry, physics, and engineering
- Involves the generation and application of knowledge relating the composition, structure and processing of materials to their properties and uses

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- Natural & Artificial
- Can be flexible

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- Combination of multiple materials
- High temps are used to construct its form

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- Combination of materials

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20/22

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-  Copper pipe fitting
- Wire
- Silver hollow Al
- Copper Tube
- Al Foil
- Cu Wool

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- Gray Foam
- Bubble Wrap
- Green Balloon
- Rubber Cork
- Plexiglass
- Latex Glove
- PVC
- Rubber Liner
- Blue Tube

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- Shell
- Glass Plate

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- Yellow Mylar Balloon
- Cardboard Roll
- Amazon Envelope
- Purple Foam w/ Hard Layer
- Plywood

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- Light Bulb

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I found the sudden drop of material usage from around 1900-1980 drastic and shocking. It also surprises me the more balanced material usage we are on now.

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Dendrites- crystals growing out from other crystals
- crystal branches

Grains/ Crystals- individual crystals in a solid

- start growing in different places and meet up

- group of atoms that form a particular repeating pattern

Grain Boundary- where grains meet up in a solid

- smaller crystals have more grain boundaries

- affect physical properties

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- Substitutional
- Interstitial
- Vacancy

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Stress (cause): Force causing deformation/distortion

Strain (effect): The effect of the stress

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Corrosion: Oxidation of a metal
- Material returning to a lower
energy state

Reduced = Pure Metal = Elemental Metal = Metallic Atoms

Oxidized = Compounded Metal = Ceramic Material = Metallic Ions

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- Electrochemical reaction between an element and its environment
- Has the tendency of a metal to return to its original state
- Involves the flow of DC current
- Is a natural process

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- Dissimilar metal
- Differential Aeration
- Environmental concentration differences
- Bacteria
- Stress
- Erosion
- Temperature

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Cathode Protection
Coating or Liners - Urethane/Epoxy
Galvanization - Bimetallic
Sacrificials -  Mg/Al/Zn

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- Two inherently different materials that when combined together produce a material with properties that exceed the constituent materials

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Matrix
- Transfer load to reinforcement
- Temperature resistant
- Chemical resistant
Reinforcement
- Tensile properties
- Stiffness
- Impact resistant

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Stiffness- Ability of a material to resist deflection or stretching

Toughness- Work per unit volume required to fracture material

Machinability- Way a material responds to specific machining techniques

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Forging- Material is plastically deformed by large compressive forces in closed dies

Extrusion- Material is forced through dies to create a uniform cross section

Casting- Liquid material is solidified in a mold

Stamping- Creating a form with a die set

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Pro- Good strength to weight ration, easy fabrication, widely available

Cons- Sensitive to moisture, rot and insect damage

$$

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Pro- Cheap and easy to form, high strength to weight ratio, good at high temps, use in engine mounts and fuselage

Cons- Impacted by heat, potential for corrosion if not treated

$

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Pro- Good strength to weight, Most abundant, easily formed, Great resistance to corrosion

Cons- Relatively soft, Becomes brittle with too much heat

$

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Pro- Great strength to weight ratio,  good at high temps, corrosion resistant, landing gear

Cons- Difficult to form, impacted by impurities, high fabrication costs

$$$$$

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Pro- Good strength to weight ratio, good at high temps, easily formed

Cons- Corrosive and flammable, must be visible

$$$

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Pros- High temp tolerant, excellent for hypersonic and re-entry

Cons- Heavy, difficult to form

$$$

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Pros- Can be light weight and durable, resistant to corrosion and heat. easy to form, readily available

Cons- Hard to repair

$

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Pros- High temp resistant

Cons- Hard to form, heavy, brittle

$$$

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- High moment of inertia produces greater resistance to deformation

- Must be same material to compare

- Orientation matters

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- Also known as Young's modulus

- High E produces greater resistance to deformation

- How much force is applied compared to how much the material deforms

- Can compare different materials with same size and shape and orientation

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Malachi.Ohlmeier 2.1.1 A Aerospace Materials Investigation