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HEREDITY– the delivery of characteristics from parent to offspring.
GENETICS– the scientific study of heredity.
FERTILIZATION– process in sexual reproduction where male and female reproductive cells join to produce a new cell.
PRINCIPLE OF DOMINANCE– some alleles are dominant and others are recessive.
HOMOZYGOUS– organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular gene.
HETEROZYGOUS– organisms that have two different alleles for the same gene.
INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE– situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele.
CODOMINANCE– cases in which the phenotypes produced by both alleles are clearly exposed.
DIPLOID CELL– a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes.
HAPLOID CELL–  a cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes.

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A few examples of the introductions to Genetics. Multiple alleles would be human blood genes.
Incomplete dominance would be two four o’clock plants, red + white → make pink flowers. Codominance would be black and white feathers on a chicken.
Polygenic traits would be your skin color.

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During which phase of meiosis do new allele combinations form? Prophase I
During which phase of meiosis does each cell have a single copy of each gene?
Telophase II
Describe crossing-over and when it happens.
The chromatids of the homologous chromos cross over each other and the crossed section of the chromatids are exchanged. It happens during Prophase I.
What type of cells does meiosis produce in the end and how many?
4 genetically unique haploid cells

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1- Prophase I
2- Metaphase I
3- Anaphase I
4- Telophase I
5- Metaphase II
6- Anaphase II
7- Telophase II

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To start a monohybrid cross you take to different organisms and have them reproduce. IN the picture below, the purple flower(PP) and white flower(pp) reproduce, having Purple-white flowers or Pp.

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GENE- an individual's characteristics that are determined by factors that are passed from one parent generation to the next.
ALLELE- the different forms of a gene.
Dominant- If an organism has one dominant allele, it will exhibit that form.
Recessive- A recessive allele will only exhibit that form when the dominant is not present.
MEIOSIS- a process in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell.
CROSSING-OVER- Chromatids of the homologous chromos cross over each other, and the crossed sections of the chromatids are exchanged.

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An advantage of sexual reproduction is genetic variation.