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The characteristics Udall emphasizes about the Indians is respect, he talks about the good side of Indians and how they are not "savages", throughout the text he backs them up against the white settlers, and how they were not the people the white settlers claimed them to be. "It is ironical that today the conservation movement finds itself turning back to ancient Indian land ideas, to the Indian understanding that we are not outside of nature."

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Josh  & Tyler (daisy is short) (tyler smells) (true)

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Josh  & Tyler (daisy is short) (tyler smells) (true)

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Udall makes comparisons between European colonists and Natives through their viewing of the land they stood upon. In paragraph 3, Udall writes "During the long Indian tenure the land remained undefiled save for scars no deeper than the scratches of cornfield clearings or the farming canals of the Hookams on the Arizona desert". Udall continues with this talk of the Natives' respect for the land throughout the next few paragraphs - in stark contrast to this, Udall writes in paragraph 10 "Englishmen, especially, coveted land. It was something to be owned outright"., and in paragraph 13, he writes "To the joint-stock companies of Virginia, intent on commercial profits..". He writes about how the Natives have nothing but respect for the land, taking as good care of it as they would themselves, while the Colonists / Englishmen only see it as a product on a market, some asset to be purchased and moved around. This doesn't only pertain to their respective attitudes on respecting land, either - I believe it to be Udall attempting to make it emblematic of their individual views on life in general.

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Udall demonstrates his credibility as a writer by showing neutrality. Unlike Jackson, he's unbiased within his text and he states the facts rather than taking sides. He respects both parties, the natives and the settlers, and doesn't disrespect either. He doesn't downgrade the natives as "savages" as he states "Indians not only schooled the Pilgrims in the culture of maize and squashes..." (Paragraph 4). He sees the natives as educated instead of them being "inferior" or "savages".

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By giving examples why are the Native Americans are important and gives evidence why does the Native Americans wants their rights. Also, he gives positive opinion to the Native Americans and give a positive tone.

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In his exordium (paragraph 1), Udall regarded the Natives and their land as being very admirable and high of praise. He has a very praising and respectful tone. He establishes his tone by using polite diction. Words such as, "pristine glory," "masterpiece," and "gaze with wonder," all contribute to his admiring views. They create a positive message.

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Udall draws comparisons from the way they live their lives. In paragraph 10 Udall says, "The idea that land could be bought and sold was an alien concept to the Indians of America" shows a key difference in their way of living and societal structure. The Indians didn't see land as something to be owned unlike the settlers. to them the land was simply their home. This would turn out to cause some unrest as the settlers would go on to take their land due to their own beliefs in the ownership of land. Another thing Udall discusses is the fact that the Indians were becoming more similar to the settlers. One example being in
tools. In paragraph 21 Udall states, "Once seen, a musket became essential to an Indian warrior; and once an Indian woman has used a steel needle or a woven blanket, she could never again be satisfied with a bone awl or a skin robe". This shows how when the Indians were exposed to the settlers technology, the technology started to infiltrate their lifestyle thus making them a bit more similar to the settlers. The natives were being heavily influenced by the settlers at the time in technology and even society. However, no matter how much they are influenced by the settlers, they are still vastly different in culture, lifestyle, and ideals.

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Udall seems to try to be saying that close is the termination between the argument of having two different cultures between the Natives and white Americans. As each new generation of Natives slowly revolutionizes and adapts to be more like the white Americans, there seems to now be a thin line between both cultures. Now there seems to just be one culture but two races. In paragraph 30, he states, "The present generation of Indians accepts the systems their fathers could not comprehend." He then goes on by talking about all the great benefits that these white Americans have brought the Indians. He talks about the commission that was established in order to give the Natives a voice, and he also talks about bringing education and health systems. The last point Udall makes is an admiration for these Indians and what they have done with the land. He seems to deeply admire the care that these Natives have for the land, and would like the white settlers to adopt the same ideals towards nature. In paragraph 33, he states, "In recent decades we have slowly come back to some of the truths that the Indians knew to form the beginning..."

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In these paragraphs Udall starts to explain the Indians' allure to the technology of the settlers, and due to the want for the new items they became more involved with the settlers. Udall elaborates that they would have to trade their things for the new technology such as muskets, and sewing needles. This shows to an extent Udall didn't think of them as savages since trading is something seen as civilized. He then starts to talk about the mistreatment of the natives as a product of their interactions with the settlers. The settlers raided them for their lands which in of itself is a savage thing to do. Udall portrays the true savages here as the white settlers, the Indians were just a civilization being discriminated against for having a different lifestyle and for not being white. This is further reinforced with the saying that came about in the American frontier "The only good Indian is a dead Indian", a truly "savage" saying.

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I think that the natives in both texts are very similar. They are both described as people who love the land and care more about the land than actual modernization. I think that both Udall and Jackson would disagree that the best thing for our country would be the removal of the Natives. Both Native American tribes consider nature as a treasure, something important. It is embedded in their culture to care out for nature just as nature cares for them. In paragraph *, we see this take place as Udall states, "To the Indian, the homeland was the center of the universe." We also see that while Jackson has a hypocritical love towards the Indians, Udall actually seems to like the Indians. By the tone and the words that Udall uses to describe the Indians, we can come to the conclusion that he appreciates them. We can come to this conclusion, as in paragraph 3 he states, "During the long Indian tenure the land remained undefiled save for scars no deeper than the scratches of cornfield." Here we see that Udall seems to have a sense of appreciation.

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Udall respects and cares for the Indian land and the beauty it has while Jackson doesn't see the beauty. In paragraphs, 1-10 Udall talks about the "masterpiece" land that the Indians came first. "America can be seen in its pristine glory, where one can gaze with wonder on the land as it was when the Indians first came. Geologically and geographically this continent was, and is, a masterpiece." Compare to Jackson, he wanted cities on the Indian lands and that humans would prefer cities over forests with savages. "What good man would prefer a country covered with forests and ranged by a few thousand savages to our extensive Republic, studded with cities, towns, and prosperous farms."

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In these 5 paragraphs, the author describes the process of the Indian's land, which they finally made peace with them. He describes how the white settlers were being influence by the Indian culture, although the author stated "Indian's continent was too natural and too wild" referring to the majority of the white settlers.

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In paragraph 21-22 the speaker talks about the new technology the Indians were introduced to by trading. Throughout these 2 paragraphs it shows different views of what the Indians had to deal with.

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In these 2 paragraphs Udall talks about the indians and how they were introduced to new technology by the Europeans and it became a power of attraction for them because they created needs and increased demands. Then they started to become raiders and attack lands for superior technology.

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In these last paragraphs Udall points out the irony that we a turning back to the Indians ideals. He elaborates and gives all of the credit to the Indians and that they are a major influence to the events transpiring, combining this with past sections in the writing it further highlights the barbarity of the settlers and the hypocrisy of their actions. They went against their way of life, raided them, did so much unjust, only to later realize they were right. At the very least the Indian's are finally given credit and given respect for their way of life and their beliefs. Udall explains how Thoreau and Muir are looking at the natural world with reverence, just as the Indians did.

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In paragraphs 30-34, Udall seems to tell the audience that throughout the years they managed to reduce the natives perspectives.

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In these paragraphs, we see a different perspective by Udall on the Indians. He says that "It is ironical that today the conservation movement finds itself turning back to ancient Indian land ideas, to the Indian understanding that we are not outside of nature, but of it."

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Udall talks about the measures the government made to help the Natives after the time of "steady attrition of old ideas and beliefs". He also talks about the irony of the use of Natives land ideas being incorporated into the American culture.

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Though the settlers found the Indian continent too natural and too wild.  The Indians influenced the culture of the American way of life. "They have left with us much more than the magic of place names that identify our rivers and forests and cities and mountains. They have made a contribution to our agriculture and to a better understanding of how to live in harmony with the land." But Thoreau and Muir didn't see the Indian's land as too wild "reverence for the natural world and its forces."

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In paragraphs 30-34, Udall speaks on the influence Indian culture had on the American way of life. "They have made a contribution to our agriculture and to a better understanding of how to live in harmony with the land." However, it's ironic how people have turned back to these influences of reverence for land after the settlers labeled the Indians as "savages" and their land being "too wild" and "too natural".

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Paragraph 30 talks about how the relationship between the Natives and the government is improving as "The present generation of the Indians accepts the system their fathers could not comprehend", and "As a singular gesture of atonement, which no civilized country could has ever matched, the Congress has..."

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In paragraphs 30 - 34, I can see that he is basically saying that over a few generations they have sort of wore down the natives with their stances on certain issues they have. He brings them down by disrespecting their intelligence.

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By giving them a positive opinion on the Native Americans as he is using a positive tone.He talk about the opinions of the white settlers about the Native Americans.

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Paragraphs 30 - 34 are essentially saying that over the course of a few generations, they've managed to wear down the Natives in regards to their stances on certain issues. In paragraph 30, Udall writes "The present generation of Indians accepts the system their fathers could not comprehend". There's a sudden shift in tone with this line -  it's a back handed insult in a piece that's otherwise respectful towards the Natives. With him being Secretary of Interior in 1960 ,this quote was most likely him trying to upkeep his image - to retain his credibility in the eyes of an audience that bares little respect for the Natives.

This also reminds me of the game Among Us; in that game, the Imposter is trying to retain their credibility to their audience, the Crewmates, even if it means saying things they don't necessarily believe.

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In these paragraphs Udall discusses that it is ironic that people begin to practice ancient Indian practices, or turn themselves back to ancient Indian lands. We are now learning how to conserve our land and learn to love its nature, just as the Indians did. He also states that the Indians knew that the land belonged to us all and had no true "master". Although we try to conserve the land now, the settlers back then found it "too natural" and "too wild".

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In groups, complete your assigned Read question. Include at least one reference to specific passages within the text(quotes or paraphrases), as well as 3~4 sentences of analysis.

After completing your response, use the posts from your peers to complete the "Read" questions that your group was NOT assigned. (For example, someone assigned "#1" will look at posts under the "#2~4" columns)

After completing all "Read" questions, individually answer "Write" questions 2 and 3. Write a full paragraph of 6 or more sentences for each question. Once again, include at least one  reference to specific passages from the text. Do one of the "Connect" questions. Up to you to do either 1 or 2

Optional: "Likes" have been enabled for all posts, so feel free to like the posts that you used answer your Read and Write questions.

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Udall describes that the Native Americans have been exposed to technology, which is why they were in contact with the white people and began trading with them as the Natives had the desire to obtain things they've been wanting. In paragraph 21, he stated, "the white man was the only source of the new essentials, and the only way to get them was by trade for things the white man wanted..." However, due to the Natives not giving their territory to white settlers, they argued for a "final solution," which is wanting to kill the Natives. Compared to "Notes Concerning the Savages" the actual savages are the white people in this case and not the Natives.

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In these 2 paragraphs I see a perspective that to me is negative. "The only good Indian is a dead Indian". What this is basically saying is that Indians aren't "good" for civilization and that they are better off dead basically.

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In paragraphs 21-22, Udall says that the Indians were fascinated by the new technologies that were brought through the white men. They were able to obtain these items through trade. However, greed grew and blinded the white settlers as they demanded more and more land. They were even willing to resort to violence. “The only good Indian is a dead Indian," here it is evident that the white settlers had no care for peace and would rather have everything to themselves. Compared to Jackson, Udall talks about all negatives that the Indians were facing while Jackson talks about the benefits they would receive if they were to be relocated.

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Udall seems to suggest that the Americans depend on the Indians just as much as the Natives depend on them. In paragraph 20 he talks about Indians have started to use objects that the Americans have created such as muskets, steel needles, etc.... He also states how the Americans began to use meat,  beaver, and buffalo robes. As we can see compared to Jackson's speech, he  doesn't see the Indians as uncivilized. Although some of the Indians creations are old, they are still useful. So at a degree we can consider that he's calling the Natives civilized, contrast to savages. At least, compared to Jackson, he doesn't see the Indians as useless, but he sees them as hard working men.

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Udall gives the audience a different perspective on the Native American's way of life. He explains the trading that went through between the Indians and the White Settlers. Stating that "So the Indian, too, became a raider of the American earth, and at the same time was himself raided for his land by the superior technology and increasingly superior number of the white man." Basically saying that as the Indians are raiding, they themselves are being raided at the same time by the White Settlers.

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The Indians saw the new technology and they were intrigued "Yet to many another red man, the new goods had an irresistible allure." Though the whites were the only source. "The white man was the only source of the new essentials." So the Indians became one too. "the Indian, too, became a raider of the American earth." This upset the whites and they coined the slogan “The only good Indian is a dead Indian" and argued for a “final” solution to the Indian problem.

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In these 2 paragraphs, it gives us a different perspective of what the Native Americans had to deal with and went through. These paragraphs use imagery and allusions to represent the whites in a bad light. Specially with the reference of the slogan and the ¨Final solution of the Indian problem.¨

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Similarly to "The Notes Concerning the Savages," the whites are mistreating the natives. They traded and got along at first, but as the white's greed for land grew, they resorted to violence and the natives had gotten exploited. In paragraph 22, "The settlers' demand for new territory was insatiable... 'the only good Indian is a dead Indian..'"

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The whites were the savage ones as the "bloody thrust and counterthurst went on, hatred deepened and demagogues argued for a  "final" solution of the Indian problem, " which means that whites were willing to use violence  in order to gain the land that they demanded for.  Similar to how the "Notes Concerning the Savages", showcases how the true savages were the whites not the natives .

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Udall says that as the Indians get more involved with the settlers, the more they got exploited. "Himself raided for his lands by the superior technology and increasingly superior numbers of the white men". Compared to the Jackson speech, Jackson made it seem like the trade off was fair the entire time with no consequence.

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He gives historical references to explain what did the Native Americans has gone though and it why is it is so obsolete as they get exposed to the new technology.

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Udall is having positive opinion and image to the Native Americans.But Jackson had negative opinion and image to the Native Americans.

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In paragraphs 1-10 the speaker talks about the natives in a polite and respectful way while Jackson would do the opposite and talk about removing them and their lands. Udall shows respects towards them and stated, "To the Indians, the homeland was the center of the universe"

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The speaker seems to have a positive opinion and image of the Native Americans. Jackson looked down on the Natives and saw them as less while the speaker of this passage seems to view them with respect. The speaker had mentioned how the Native Americans¨brought them gifts.¨ The speaker is able to visualize how the Native Americans were kind enough to give gifts to the White.

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In paragraphs 10, compared to Jackson calling the Natives savages, Udall has a positive opinion and attitude towards them as he praises the natives and is polite.

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In paragraphs 1-10, the speaker shows respect for the Natives' way of life and their appreciation for the land and nature whereas Jackson negatively talks about the Natives and their "uncivil" ways and rude institutions. The speaker seems to be genuine and treats the Indians as humans. He also talks about the efforts that the Natives put in so that they are not relocated. "....all with the purpose of becoming so civilized that the whites would allow them to stay on their own lands and not ship them west to the Territories." Here, he is most likely talking about the Indian Removal that Jackson is a supporter of.

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Based on the first 10 paragraphs we can see that the Native Americans are getting a better reputation by Udall than they did by Jackson. Udall expresses more facts than opinions on the Native Americans but in a more positive and enlightening tone. While Jackson expressed his opinion despite what people thought and how it came off as. A line that sticks out to me where Udall states a positive fact is in paragraph 4 "Their implements were Stone Age, but most tribes were acquiring the rudiments of a high civilization. They were learning how to secure a surplus from the earth....political systems". Sharing to the audience all the good the Native Americans accomplished.

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The speaker has a positve attitude towards the Native Americans unlike Jackson who seemed to be nice but in reality was hypocritical. In this text, the speaker states "changed their whole way of life, established schools and libaries, produced an alphabet, planned a constitution and lesgislature..." Through this sentence, the speaker shows his respect to the natives since they came from nothing but did anything they can to become successful and pleased the whites.

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This text differs from Jackson's. One difference is that Jackson refers to the Natives as "savages" and as if they were a problem, and Udall refers to them like an actual person. Unlike Jackson, Udall respects them. In paragraph 6, "all with the purpose of becoming civilized that the whites would allow.."

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The speaker characterize the Natives in a more positive way unlike Jackson's speech. As the speaker talks about how these Natives who were  mostly seen as savages or uncivilized, are actually civilized people. In paragraph 4 it talks how how the natives treated the whites as they "brought them gifts", "schooled the Pilgrims in the culture of maize and squashes," and "taught them how to fertilize the hills... "

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Stewart Udall has a more positive attitude toward the natives opposite from what Jackson had. He praises the Natives by saying "Most tribes were acquiring the rudiments of a higher civilization."

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Throughout the first ten paragraphs Udall is very open to the ideas of Natives, he respects and describes them, ".. the United States was the promised land for active men". Jackson on the other hand talks about removing the Natives and taking their land, he talked about respect when he didn't show respect to the Indians.

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The speaker's very upfront about their opinion and paints a lot more of a genuinely positive opinion of the Natives as opposed to Jackson's attempts to appear as such. In the first sentence of paragraph 2, Udall writes "...the Native American shared this elemental ethic; the land was alive to his loving touch, and he, its son, was brother to all creatures". Whereas Jackson talks about them as if they were a problem, Udall writes about them as actual human beings and refers to them as such.

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The speaker is very genuine in all of their statements and harbors an actual fascination and respect of the natives and their ways of life. This is the total opposite of Jackson who tried to put up a guise of respecting them when in reality he lacked any respect at all. Udall wrote very comprehensively about their way of life and paints the natives in a positive light, he treats them like people unlike Jackson.

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"The Land Wisdom of the Indians" begins on page 403 in our textbook. As we read the text, think about how this text is different from Jackson's speech. For example, how does each speaker characterize himself and the Native Americans? Would Udall have agreed with relocating the Natives, and if not, what sort of policy might Udall  propose instead?

Just like you did when reading through "On Indian Removal," make a post after each section. Your post can be a question, a comment on the text, or even a reference to other texts.

***After making your own post, begin reading through the posts of your classmates. This time, I will be calling on you to read someone else's post!

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Udall sets the tone for his essay in his exordium by using a scholarly and admiring tone. In the first paragraph, he is just presenting the setting and uses profound wording and phrases to sound scholarly. He talks about the land the Natives came to. He states, "Geologically and geographically this continent was, and is a masterpiece." In the second and third paragraph he has an appreciative and admiring tone towards the Indians as they were able to adapt to a land that was going through a crisis. It seems as if he admires the Natives for being able to take care of the land. In the second paragraph, he states, "Superlatives alone could describe the bewildering abundance of flora and fauna that enlivened its landscapes..."Here we can see that he's admiring the Natives as he is inspired on what they did with the land.

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Characteristics Udall emphasizes in his speech is the respect that American Indians have for others. He also emphasizes their culture as harmonious with nature. "They have made a contribution to our agriculture and to a better understanding of how to live harmony with the land."