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Clara Schumann or Clara Weick (her maiden name) was a German pianinst, composer and piano teacher in the XIX century. She stood out✓ for her career as pianist since she performed from a very young age in the main cities of Europe. She premiered several works by her husband Robert Schumann and her friend Johannes Brahms. She helped to change the concept of piano concert from the virtuosist performance to a more academic concept. However, nowadays(wo) her career as composer is less well-known,( p )in fact(ww), her compositions were mainly developed in her youth and first years of marriage(??coh). A proof of this evolution is what she wrote in her diary: “I once believed that I had creative talent, but I have given up on this idea. A woman should not want to compose. None has ever been able to do it, so why should I expected it?”.

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She was born in Bordeaux in 1556 in an important French family. Her uncle was the important humanist Michael Montaigne.
A woman ahead of her time...?. She was able to study just like her brother.
She had seven children and was widowed after twenty four years.
In 1603 she decided to dedicate herself to the contemplative as a nun.
She decided to found in 1607 in Bordeaux her first school to educate the girls.wo coh At that time, only men had access to education.1
I think she was a heroine since she had everything against her and fought to help the girls, who was the one who needed it the most at that time.
1 not  linked

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An imaginative woman who never resigned herself to doing what was expected of women at that epoch.

Annie Cohen Kopchovsky (1870-1947) was a cyclist, journalist, and adventurer. She was a young American of Latvian origin, better known as Annie Londonderry. In addition to her duties as a mother, she also worked for a company that placed advertisements in newspapers and magazines.

She was the first woman to go around the world on a bicycle at the end of the 19th. She left her husband and three children in Boston in June 1894 to take on this achievement. And all this for a bet with two wealthy Boston businessmen who offered her $10,000 if she could make it in fifteen months.

Annie looked for sponsors to carry out her adventure, turning her bicycle into a mobile billboard. The most important was the Londonderry mineral water from which it took her nickname.

During her journey, she was sending telegrams to the American press to report all her adventures, which is why her trip was more and more known throughout the world.

Upon her return in March 1895, she began a new life with his family in New York. Her popularity decreased until his death at the age of 77. But in 2007, a descendant published the book "Around the World on Two Wheels: Annie Londonderry's Extraordinary Ride", to publicize her achievement.

I've found it amazing this brave woman could go ahead as she never rode a bicycle.

Although her detractors affirmed she traveled more by boat or train than on her bicycle, no one can deny Annie the merit of fighting for women's rights in those days.

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Annie Kopchovsky aveva ventitré anni quando decise di lasciare nell'armadio le gonne e i corsetti e allontanarsi dalla sua casa di Boston, da suo marito e dai tre figli piccoli, per tentare un'impresa del tutto impensabile al tempo per una ragazza: fare il giro del mondo in bicicletta. Era il 25 giugno del 1894, e tutto era nato dalla scommessa sul fatto che una donna non potesse fare il giro del mondo a cavallo di una bicicletta - come dieci anni prima aveva fatto Thomas Stevens - scommessa che avrebbe dovuto risolvere una disputa tra due ricchi gentiluomini della città americana, e che in realtà faceva parte di un più ampio dibattito sulla (dis)parità tra i sessi. Secondo l'opinione dominante, infatti, una donna non avrebbe saputo badare a se stessa nel mondo per tutto quel tempo in condizioni così essenziali.

La sfida era quella di tornare dopo quindici mesi con 5mila dollari guadagnati in tasca. Annie non solo decise di accettarla per smentire il pregiudizio, ma colse l'occasione di spostarsi da un modello di vita che le stava stretto, quello che la vedeva nel ruolo di moglie e madre lavoratrice - Annie all'epoca aiutava il marito, venditore ambulante, occupandosi degli spazi pubblicitari su alcuni quotidiani locali -, perseguendo la via della libertà e dell'autonomia economica. Secondo i giornali locali la ricompensa sarebbe stata dai 10mila ai 20mila dollari, se fosse riuscita nell'impresa. Dalla corporatura esile, ciclista dilettante, Annie sembrava l'ultima donna a potercela fare. Per augurarle buon viaggio il giorno della partenza andarono a salutarla in centinaia. Tranne il marito, e suo fratello.

Prima che Annie scomparisse all'orizzonte, però, un imprenditore locale di acque minerali finanziò con 100 dollari il suo viaggio ottenendo in cambio di incollare il marchio della Londonderry Lithia Spring Water Company sulla bici di Annie che affiancò anche il cognome Londonderry al suo nome. Da quel momento Annie Kopchovsky, ebrea, arrivata a Boston dalla Lettonia quando era ancora una bambina, diventò per tutti Annie Londonderry, la coraggiosa avventuriera che con un solo cambio di vestiti e un revolver dal manico di madreperla partì in solitaria su due ruote per girare il mondo. Il suo fu definito dalla stampa "il viaggio più straordinario mai intrapreso da una donna."

Da Boston, passando per New York, Chicago, Parigi, Gerusalemme, Singapore, Annie girò il Mediterraneo e arrivò fino in Cina e in Giappone, cambiando itinerario per il freddo, salendo su treni e navi a vapore, dando prova di resistenza e di inventiva nell'auto-promozione (in poco tempo diventò un mito, i ciclisti delle regioni che attraversava percorrevano chilometri al suo fianco, gli ammiratori volevano incontrarla, la gente applaudiva e tirava fiori al suo passaggio) e nell'auto-sostentamento (per pagarsi le spese di viaggio vendeva le sue foto autografate), superando difficoltà pratiche e giudizi morali, liberandosi della sua Columbia di oltre 40 chili - decisamente troppo pesante - e cambiandola con una bici da uomo, e decidendo di indossare i calzoncini al posto della gonna, poco pratica per un'impresa di tale portata.

Il passaggio di Annie fu raccontato dalla gente e dai giornali locali come una gioia per gli occhi e per le orecchie. Perché Annie scardinava già solo alla vista gli stereotipi più radicati nella società dell'epoca, ma soprattutto amava raccontare le avventure dei suoi viaggi alle persone che incontrava lungo il sentiero, spesso anche fantasticando e inventando bizzarre varianti della sua impresa per disorientare gli interlocutori.

Dopo il suo ritorno a Boston, che fu, come promesso, quindici mesi dopo la partenza, Annie si trasferì a New York con la famiglia. Qui, firmandosi "la nuova donna" scrisse una serie di storie e reportage per il New York World. "Sono un giornalista e una donna nuova" scrisse in quegli anni "nel senso che credo di poter fare qualsiasi cosa che un uomo può fare".

Pur trattandosi di una vicenda soggettiva e unica nel suo genere, la storia di Annie Kopchovsky Londonderry - riportata alla luce dal giornalista Peter Zheutlin, suo pronipote - è diventata uno dei capitoli più entusiasmanti della storia del ciclismo oltre che l'emblema dell'incontro tra il boom della bicicletta e il cambiamento del ruolo delle donne nella società vittoriana. Da Annie in poi, l'espressione "donna nuova" è diventata sinonimo di una donna capace di rompere con le convenzioni, lavorando fuori casa, diventando indipendente negli spostamenti e socialmente attiva.

L'invenzione della bicicletta e la sua popolarità tra le donne, è indubbiamente coincisa con una conquista di libertà di movimento fisico e di orizzonti all'interno delle geografie urbane, offrendo anche un'occasione di ripensare l'abbigliamento femminile. È con la diffusione delle biciclette, infatti, che i calzoncini diventano indumento quotidiano per chi fino ad allora era stata obbligata a indossare vestiti troppo ingombranti anche solo per camminare. Inutile dire come questo creò problemi in seno alla cultura dell'epoca: non solo i pantaloni erano considerati moralmente sconvenienti per una signora, ma furono messe in campo intere campagne contro l'utilizzo stesso della bicicletta tra le donne, perché tale attività ne avrebbe danneggiato la salute e messo a repentaglio la corporatura 'fragile'. Tra le preoccupazioni più sentite, l'eccitazione sessuale che sarebbe scaturita dalla posizione a cavallo della sella combinata con il movimento della pedalata. Per ridurre questo 'rischio' furono progettate addirittura delle selle speciali e meno 'pericolose'...

Questa voce è pubblicata in collaborazione con la rivista InGenere (tag: "Pioniere"). .
Claudia Bruno

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Annie Kopchovsky aveva ventitré anni quando decise di lasciare nell'armadio le gonne e i corsetti e allontanarsi dalla sua casa di Boston, da suo marito e dai tre figli piccoli, per tentare un'impresa del tutto impensabile al tempo per una ragazza: fare il giro del mondo in bicicletta.

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Artemisia Genileschi was born in 1593. She was an Italian baroque painter. She was the first woman to enter the Florentine Academy of arts. Artemisia used to work with Caravaggio and she was friends with Galileo Galilei,( p ) however she wasn’t as recognised as them.

Her most frequent themes on her paintings were sexual assault and assertive women. She was one of the first feminist women, doing things such as reporting her sex offenders or divorcing her husband, both of which were forbidden at that time.

She succeeded in a world dominated by men, selling her paintings internationally and becoming one of the favorite painters of the moment. Sadly, with the passage of time, she was forgotten.

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Margaritas Salas was an important chemistry and biology investigator. She was born in Valdés (Spain) in 1938 in the region of Asturias but she studied her carrier in Madrid. In addition, during four years she worked in the University of New York. Over^ years, she has investigated and discovered a lot of scientist progress which are really important to continue studying new vaccines and evolutions(?).

Margarita Salas had more of three hundred thousand publications in journals and books,(P) besides, she has got eight patents and did around five hundred conferences(1). She was the first women that did papers done by men. Furthermore, she has been the mentor of others Scientifics such as: María Blasco, Jesús Ávila…A cause of everything, the paper of the women in the world of chemistry and biology have been increased. Due to all reasons, she has a lot of honors and acknowledgements in a different Universities and relevant places of science.

It’s important to put emphasis on the mentors of Margarita Salas: Severo Ochoa (Spanish Nobel of Medicine) and Alberto Solis (pioneer of biochemistry in Spain) with which she worked hand in hand.

We have to be grateful for the paper of Margarita because without that we couldn’t affront our illnesses of the same manner, probably if she would have been men, she would have won other Nobel Prize.

Manuel Alarcón Velasco
B22D
(1) You are mixing past and present, so we don't know if she's dead of alive

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Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace, also known as Ada Lovelace, (who was) born on December 10th, 1815, in London, was a mathematician and writer, (who was) especially known for her work on Charles Babbage’s proposed mechanical general-purpose computer, the Analytical Engine.

Her contributions to computing were very important. Firstly, she was the first person to recognize how useful the machine could be✓. Beyond pure calculation, she assured that it would be able to do art, as composing music or literature. Furthermore, she was the first person to have published the first algorithm intended to be carried out by such a machine, so ^ is often regarded as the first machine programmer.

Something that caught my attention about her is how accurate was she (wo) about assuming that the machine (which) she was working with would be capable of creating art, because nowadays, due to computers and digital machines, we can create a lot of art.

Ada Lovelace has surely become an inspiring figure for me, especially because of how important computers and programming languages are to me because I work a lot with them and I’m still learning a lot about computing and programming.

Manuel Gutiérrez Castro

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Inés de Suárez,  known as the first Spanish woman in Chile and founder of the city of Santiago de Chile, was born in Plasencia in 1507. She was married to Juan de Málaga who went to the  New Continent to look for riches. During this  period, women stayed at home waiting for their husbands  to return.  But Inés decided not to wait and she went to look for him on the New Earth ww. She got the royal permission to travel on the condition that another person, his!!!!niece, would accompany her, because  women couldn´t travel alone.

When she arrived in the New World, she met Pedro de Valdivia, whom she fell in love with so much that she followed him as another soldier in the conquest of Chile.

Her biggest achievement  in history was to get water in the desert, so the soldiers would not die of thirst.

Her story has meant a huge amount to me  because she has been so important in Chile's history, therefore  her courage and achievements had not been recognised in her origin’ s  country1, Spain.

1, country of origin

In the stories about the conquests of America, men are always recognised and monuments are created to them, but there is  no mention  of the importance of women in these historical events.

Mª José Chamizo Benavente

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Marianne Grunberg-Manago (1921-2013) was born on January 6 in Saint Petersburg (Russia). She worked as ^ biochemist.

Together with Severo Ochoa, she discovered polynucleotide phosphorylase, an enzyme that became a fundamental tool for deciphering the genetic code. However, for this discovery, Severo Ochoa received the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1959 but the job of this woman was not considered.

She was the first female professor at Harvard University, the first woman to lead the International Union of Biochemistry and the first woman President of the Academy of Sciences of the Institute of France.

ANA B. GAMERO B2-2D

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Josephine Baker or Freda Josephine McDonald

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Josephine Baker or Freda Josephine McDonald

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She was born, on June 3, 1906 in Saint Louis (Missouri) and died on April 12, 1975 in Paris. She was a French singer, dancer, actress and Resistance of American origin.
Working since the age of 8 as a housemaid in a white family1, abused2, she ran away and started dancing in the streets. Then, she joined the troupe of the Booker Washington Theater(p) where she got her first fee at the age of 14.
Since then, she is spotted in New York for a great revue in Paris: “La Revue Nègre”. So, she travelled for France in 1925.
At the age of 20, she joined the “Folies Bergère”, at the Champs Elysées Theater, playing on the cliches of the "wild" black woman, which would make her fame.
Ambitious, she seduced Paris with her famous song "J'ai deux amours" and began to donate to charities, hospitals and children.
Having French nationality in 1938, she fought for free France and against racism during the Second World War and obtained the medal of the Resistance and after that the medal of the Legion of Honor in Milandes Castle.
I admire her bravery, determination to face up the segregationism. It's a real example to follow to get rid of racism in the world.
On November 30, 2021, she entered in the Pantheon, becoming the first black woman to join this republican temple.

Paméla ETIENNE

1 word order
2two participle clauses together this way makes the latter (abused) be disconnected from the text

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Who was Beulah Louise Henry?

She was born in North Carolina 1887P with creativity and invention in her spirit, at the tender age of nine she was drawing plans for different inventions. She grew in a cultivated, arts and craft ambience and studied at Presbyterian College for four years until 1912, when she achieved her first famous patent for a vacuum ice cream freezer. What is it, you ask?✓ It’s a device that allows make ice cream, one of the many household items that makes our lives easier.

With more than a hundred inventions, such as typewriters, linotypes, umbrellas matching the clothes, dolls, even a board game for learning geography; she was nicknamed “Lady Edison” in the Roaring 20’s, but she continued to innovate till the age of 83.

This American inventor had a picture in her mind, she envisioned each finished product and afterward she began to enable a model maker. For every need, an invention. That’s dazzling! And to give credit where it is due, she earnt her life in areas thought to the ?“man’s world” and therefore she’s a hugely inspiring woman, what (we) I make (t)me interested in Beulah mostly.

Ascensión Rodríguez Ortega 2.2D