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WHAT IS ILEUM?
-Ileum is the final section of the small intestine

WHAT IS VILLUS?
-Villus is one of the many small finger like parts on the inner surface of the smaller part of the intestine

WHAT DO THEY DO?
-The ileum helps to further digest food coming from the stomach and other parts of the small intestine. It absorbs nutrients (vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fats, proteins) and water from food so they can be used by the body. The small intestine connects the stomach and the colon.

-The villi of the small intestine project into the intestinal cavity, greatly increasing the surface area for food absorption and adding digestive secretions

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https://youtu.be/cEh2Qip0-E4

ILEUM ? What's that?

❄️ Ileum is the last part of small intestine. It connects to first part of large intestine. The ileum helps to further digest food coming from the stomach and other parts of the small intestine. It absorbs nutrients (vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fats, proteins) and water from food so they can be used by the body.

What about, Villus ?

🪐 The small, finger-like projections that extend into the lumen of the small intestine. Its length in human is approximately 0.5-1.6mm.

🍒   The epithelial layer of the villus is one cell thick to accelerate nutrient absorption.
🍇   Goblet cells secrete mucus to aid digestion.
🥭   Lacteal carries droplets of fatty acid and glycerol.
🍑   The network of blood capillaries helps to transport digestive products to the whole body.

Adaptation of the ileum and Villus  for absorption ; -

ILEUM 🧋
🌮   Large surface area – due to being long and folded.
🌮   Good blood supply – to maintain the concentration gradient for diffusion between the ileum and bloodstream.
🌮   Villi – finger like projections that further increase surface area.
🌮   Permeable – digested food can pass through easily.
🌮   Thin – digested food doesn’t have to travel far to reach the blood.

Villus 🥮
🧆   Lamina propria supports the epithelial cells and makes up the core of the villus. Present in this layer are blood vessels, immune cells, and a lymphatic vessel, or lacteal, that is important for fat absorption.
🧆   Villi also contain a strand of smooth muscle that cause them to move and mix the contents of the intestinal lumen.
🧆   Light micrograph of an intestinal villus shows the important components of this structure.
🧆   Villus is lined by epithelial enterocytes that contain a brush border.
🧆   Goblet cells with their clear mucous droplets are interspersed between these enterocytes.

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WHAT IS ILEUM?
• The ileum is the final section of the small intestine in most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds.

1. HOW IS THE STRUCTURE OF THE ILEUM?

• The four layers that make up the wall of the ileum are consistent with those of the gastrointestinal tract. From the inner to the outer surface, these are:
- Mucosa
- Submucosa
- Muscularis external
- Serosa

• For more in -depth info on the structure of the ileum, you can watch the video at this link:
- https://youtu.be/08tjs8Szi_w
- https://youtu.be/QIt-muUpGd0

2. HOW DOES THE ILEUM WORK?

• The main function of the ileum is to absorb vitamin B12, bile salts, and whatever products of digestion were not absorbed by the jejunum. The wall itself is made up of folds, each of which has many tiny finger-like projections known as villi on its surface. In turn, the epithelial cells that line these villi possess even larger numbers of microvilli. Therefore, the ileum has an extremely large surface area both for the adsorption (attachment) of enzyme molecules and for the absorption of products of digestion.

WHAT IS VILLUS?
• Intestinal villi (singular: villus) are small, finger-like projections that extend into the lumen of the small intestine. Each villus is approximately 0.5–1.6 mm in length (in humans), and has many microvilli projecting from the enterocytes of its epithelium which collectively form the striated or brush border. Each of these microvilli are about 1 µm in length, around 1000 times shorter than a single villus. The intestinal villi are much smaller than any of the circular folds in the intestine.

1. HOW IS THE STRUCTURE OF THE VILLUS?

• The large number of villi give the internal intestinal wall a velvety appearance. Each villus has a central core composed of one artery and one vein, a strand of muscle, a centrally located lymphatic capillary (lacteal), and connective tissue that adds support to the structures.

• For more in -depth info on the structure of the villus, you can watch the video at this link:
- https://youtu.be/Onoq1Ok7_KM

2. HOW DOES THE VILLUS WORK?

• Intestinal absorptive surface area approximately 30-fold and 600-fold, respectively, providing exceptionally efficient absorption of nutrients in the lumen.

• There are also enzymes (enterocyte digestive enzyme) on the surface for digestion. Villus capillaries collect amino acids and simple sugars taken up by the villi into the blood stream. Villus lacteals (lymph capillary) collect absorbed chylomicrons, which are lipoproteins composed of triglycerides, cholesterol and amphipathic proteins, and are taken to the rest of the body through the lymph fluid.

For more information about absorption, you can watch the video at this links :
- https://youtu.be/5VW5-VXlWic
- https://youtu.be/6nonjzzCSUU

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Ileum and villus help in the absorption of digested food. Do you know that simple molecule produce from digested food are absorbed in ileum of small intestine? But what is ileum?

ILEUM
Ileum is the last part of small intestine. It connects to first part of large intestine. Ileum internal layer is folded and covered by tiny projections called villi. Ileum absorbed water and nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fats and protein from food.

VILLUS
Villus is small finger-like projections found inside the inner wall of ileum. Villus increase the surface area of absorption of digested food with these following adaptations:

● Epthelial layer is one cell thick.This helps accelerate nutrient absorption

● Goblet cells secrete mucus to aid digestion.

● Network of blood capillaries transport product.

● Lacteal carries fatty acids & glycerol.

● Intestinal gland secrete intestinal juice that have digestive enzymes.

MICROVILLUS
Microvillus is microscopic cellular membrane protrusions that increase the surface area for diffusion.

ABSORPTION OF DIGESTED FOOD

● ABSORBED THROUGH EPITHELIAL CELLS INTO BLOOD CAPILLARIES

• Fructose by Facilitated diffusion
• Glucose and galactose by Active transport
• Amino acid by Active transport
• Vitamins B & C absorbed with water
• Water by Osmosis

● ABSORBED THROUGH EPITHELIAL CELLS INTO LACTEAL

• Fatty acid & glycerol by simple diffusion
• Vitamins ADEK by simple diffusion

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ILEUM
The last part of the small intestine. It connects to the cecum (first part of the large intestine). The ileum helps to further digest food coming from the stomach and other parts of the small intestine.

Ileum's main function is absorb Vitamin B,bile salts and other products of digestion were not absorbed by the jejunum.
Its internal layer is folded and covered by tiny projections called villi

Villus
Villus (plural; villi)  is small, finger-like projections that extend to the lumen of the small intestine
Its length in human is approximately 0.5 - 1.6 mm.

Villus has the following adaptions to absorb nutrients :
• the epithelial layer of the villus is one cell thick that helps accelerate nutrients absorption
• Goblet cells secrete mucus to aid digestion
• The network of blood capillaries helps to transport digestive products to the whole
• Lacteal carries droplets of fatty acids and glycerol
• the intesnial glands secrete intesnial juice that have digestive enzymes

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🌹Ileum
Ileum is the last part of the small intestine. It connects to the cecum (first part of the large intestine). The ileum helps to further digest food coming from the stomach and other parts of the small intestine. It absorbs nutrients (vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fats, proteins) and water from food so they can be used by the body.

The ileum consists of three parts. The first part, called the duodenum, connects to the stomach. The middle part is the jejunum. The third part, called the ileum, attaches to the colon.

🌹Villus
Villi are small finger-like projections found inside the inner walls of the small intestine. They v increase the surface area for absorption of the digested food. Each villus has a network of thin and small blood vessels close to its surface. The surface of the villi absorbs the digested food materials.

Villi are filled with blood capillaries, and the blood constantly moving in them means that a steep concentration gradient is maintained. This increases the amount of dissolved, digested food that can be absorbed into the bloodstream from the small intestine.

Features of the villi that aid absorption:

•Good blood supply – a villus has a large network of capillaries. Once blood becomes high in digested food products it is transported away and replaced with blood that is low in digested food products. This maintains the concentration gradient necessary for diffusion between the ileum and bloodstream.
•Lacteal – a tube that absorbs the products of fat digestion before returning them to the blood.
•Single layer of surface epithelium cells – this reduces the diffusion distance that digested food products have to travel in order to enter the bloodstream.
•Permeable – digested food can pass through easily.

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•Microvillus has many tiny projection on the surface of villus epithelium. Other than that it is also provide a large surface area to increases rate of nutrient absorption.

•digested food such as fructose,glucose,galactoce,amino acids,vitamin B and c, and water are absorbed by the epithelial cells into the blood capillaries and have various type of absorption method such as facilitated diffusion,active transport,absorbed by water and even osmosis. While digested food such as fatty acid,glycerol,and vitamin A,D,E and K ate absorbed through epithelial cell into the lacteal and this digested food has only one type of method of absorbtion that is simple diffusion

•inside the ileum it contain a villus…on the cross section of the villus it contain lacteal to carries droplets of fatty acid and glycerol,epithelial cell to accelerate nutrient absorption, blood capillaries and lymph vessel.

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Definition of Ileum

Ileum is the last part of the small intestine. It connects to the cecum (first part of the large intestine). The ileum helps to further digest food coming from the stomach and other parts of the small intestine. It absorbs nutrients (vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fats, proteins) and water from food so they can be used by the body.

Definition of Villus

Villus, plural villi, in anatomy any of the small, slender, vascular projections that increase the surface area of a membrane. Important villous membranes include the placenta and the mucous-membrane coating of the small intestine. The villi of the small intestine project into the intestinal cavity, greatly increasing the surface area for food absorption and adding digestive secretions.

The salient adaptations of villi that make them good absorbers :

Villi are single cell thick. Thus nutrients don't have to travel longer distance in order to diffuse into bloodstream. This increase the rate of diffusion. Hence absorption rate is also increased.

Villi have rich network of blood capillaries . Thus a steep concentration gradient is maintained between inside of small intestine and blood.

Most important is: Apical membranes of Villi further form many finger-like projections called microvilli or brush borders. Villi together with it's microvilli tremendously increase surface area of absorption.

Villi have permeable membranes . Thus, nutrients can easily get their way through them.

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https://youtu.be/Lru700V6yO8

The adaptations of ileum and villus in the absorption of digested food.
- Simple molecules produced ffrom the digested food are absorbed in the ileum of the small intestine.

• What is ILEUM?

: Ileum is the last part of the small intestine. It connects to the cecum (first part of the large intestine).
: The ileum helps to further digest food coming from the stomach and other parts of the small intestine.
: It absorbs nutrients and water from food so they can be used by the body.
: Its internal layer is folded covered by tiny projections called 'villi' (singular; villus).

• Structure of ILEUM.
: Has more fat inside the necessary than the jejunum
: The diameter of its lumen is smaller and has thinner walls than the jejunum
: Its circular folds are smaller and absent in the terminal part of the ileum

• What is VILLUS?
: Villus (plural; villi) is small, finger-like projections that extend to the lumen of the small intestine.
: Each villus is approximately 0.5-1.6 mm in length (in human) and has many microvilli projecting from the enteroctyes of its epithelium which collectively from the striated or brush border.

/// villus has the following adaptations to absorb nutrients :
> The epithelial layer of the villus is one cell thick. This helps accelerate nutrient absorption.
> Goblet cells secrete mucus to aid digestion.
> The network of blood capillaries helps to transport digestive products to the whole body.
> Lacteal carries droplets to fatty acids and glycerol.
> The intestinal glands secrete intestinal juice that have digestive enzymes.

• MICROVILLUS
: On the surface of the villus epithelium, there are many tiny projections called 'microvillus' .
: Its provides a large surface area to increase the rate of nutrient absorption.

* The explanation for the absorption of digested food, is in this video :
https://youtu.be/cEh2Qip0-E4

# that's all from me, thank you! Ehe ^ω^

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BIOLOGY KSSM FORM 4: 9.3. ABSORPTION (OF DIGESTED FOOD)

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• Ileum
The last part of the small intestine. The ileum helps to further digest food coming from the stomach and other parts of the small intestine.

Ileum's main function is absorb Vitamin B, bile salts and other products of digestion were not absorbed by the jejunum.
Its internal layer is folded  and covered by villi.

• Villus
The small, finger-like projections that extend into the lumen of the small intestine. Its length in human is approximately 0.5-1.6mm.

The epithelial layer of the villus is one cell thick to accelerate nutrient absorption.

Goblet cells secrete mucus to aid digestion.

Lacteal carries droplets of fatty acid and glycerol.

The network of blood capillaries helps to transport digestive products to the whole body.

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ILEUM

DEFINITION

The last part of the small intestine. It connects to the cecum (first part of the large intestine). The ileum helps to further digest food coming from the stomach and other parts of the small intestine.The small intestine connects the stomach and the colon. It includes the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.

FUNCTION

The ileum helps to further digest food coming from the stomach and other parts of the small intestine. It absorbs nutrients (vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fats, proteins) and water from food so they can be used by the body. It is specifically responsible for the absorption of vitamin B12 and the reabsorption of conjugated bile salts

LENGTH

The ileum is about 3.5 metres (11.5 feet) long (or about three-fifths the length of the small intestine) and extends from the jejunum (the middle section of the small intestine) to the ileocecal valve, which empties into the colon (large intestine).The ileum is suspended from the abdominal wall by the mesentery, a fold of serous (moisture-secreting) membrane.

For more information about ileum , you can click the link below :
https://www.britannica.com/science/ileum

VILLUS

DEFINITION

Villus, plural villi, in anatomy any of the small, slender, vascular projections that increase the surface area of a membrane. Important villous membranes include the placenta and the mucous-membrane coating of the small intestine

FUNCTION

Intestinal villi are a unique structural and functional unit for the luminal sensing, digestion, absorption, secretion, and immune defense in the small intestine.

The villi of the small intestine project into the intestinal cavity, greatly increasing the surface area for food absorption and adding digestive secretions.

Villi are specialized for absorption in the small intestine as they have a thin wall, one cell thick, which enables a shorter diffusion path. They have a large surface area so there will be more efficient absorption of fatty acids and glycerol into the blood stream.

Fun fact : Villus is the Latin word for shaggy hair or fleece. The plural is villi.

For more information about villus , you can click the link below :
https://www.britannica.com/science/villus

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This article was most recently revised and updated by

Ileum, the final and longest segment of the small intestine. It is specifically responsible for the absorption of vitamin B₁₂ and the reabsorption of conjugated bile salts. The ileum is about 3.5 metres (11.5 feet) long (or about three-fifths the length of the small intestine) and extends from the jejunum (the middle section of the small intestine) to the ileocecal valve, which empties into the colon ( large intestine). The ileum is suspended from the abdominal wall by the mesentery, a fold of serous (moisture-secreting) membrane.

The smooth muscle of the ileum's walls is thinner than the walls of other parts of the intestines, and its peristaltic contractions are slower. The ileum's lining is also less permeable than that of the upper small intestine. Small collections of lymphatic tissue ( Peyer patches) are embedded in the ileal wall, and specific receptors for bile salts and vitamin B ₁₂ are contained exclusively in its lining; about 95 percent of the conjugated bile salts in the intestinal contents is absorbed by the ileum.

Two percent of all humans are born with a congenital ileum malformation, called Meckel diverticulum, that consists of a side channel from 1 to 12 cm (0.4 to 4.7 inches) long extending from the intestinal wall. The malformation occurs when the duct leading from the navel to the small intestine in the fetus fails to atrophy and close. A small number of cases require surgical removal because of intestinal bleeding and inflammation.

Injury or disease affecting the terminal ileum produces vitamin B ₁₂ deficiency and extensive diarrhea, the latter resulting from the interference of bile salts on water absorption in the large intestine.

Kara Rogers, Senior Editor.

Learn More in these related Britannica articles:

human digestive system: Anatomy

...small intestine; it, like the ileum, has numerous convolutions and is attached to the posterior abdominal wall by the mesentery, an extensive fold of serous-secreting membrane. The ileum is the remaining three-fifths of the small intestine, though there is no absolute point at which the jejunum ends and the ileum...

The ileum is located in the lower abdomen. Its walls are narrower and thinner than in the previous section, blood supply is more limited, peristaltic movements are slower, and the mesentery has more fatty areas....

...the terminal portion of the ileum, the portion of the small intestine farthest from the stomach. In all forms of enteritis, treatment is usually directed toward relief of symptoms, with anti-inflammatory agents playing an important role....

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Ileum, the final and longest segment of the small intestine. It is specifically responsible for the absorption of vitamin B12 and the reabsorption of conjugated bile salts. The ileum is about 3.5 metres (11.5 feet) long (or about three-fifths the length of the small intestine) and extends from the

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The adaptations of ileum and villus in the absorption of digested food

~WHAT ARE ILEUM AND VILLUS?~
Ileum
The last part of the small intestine. It connects to the cecum (first part of the large intestine).
Villus / Villi
Villus have many tiny projections called microvillus.

~WHAT DO THEY DO?~
Ileum
The ileum helps to further digest food coming from the stomach and other parts of the small intestine. The long ileum is adapted to absorb nutrients.
Villus / Villi
•The epithelial layer of the villus is one cell thick . This helps accelerate nutrient absorption .
•Goblet cells secrete mucus to aid digestion.
•The network of blood capillaries helps to transport digestive products to the whole body.
•Lacteal carries droplets of fatty acids and glycerol.
•The intestinal glands secrete intestinal juices that have digestive enzymes.
•Microvillus provides a large surface area to increase the rate of nutrient absorption.

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9.3- Absorption

WHAT IS ILEUM?=adapted to absorb nutrients because its internal layer is folded and covered by tiny projections called VILLI

WHAT IS VILLUS(VILLI)?=
1.The ephitial layer of villus is ONE CELL THICK
2. Goblet cells secrete mucus to aid digestion
3. Network of blood capillaries helps transport digestive products to the whole body
4. Lacteal carries droplets of fatty acids and glycerol
5. Intestinal glands secrete intestinal juices that have digestive enzymes

WHAT IS MICROVILLUS?=Many tiny projections named microvillus provides a large surface area to increase the rate of nutrient absorption

Fructose,Glucose and galactose,Amino acids,Vitamins B and C,Water = absorbed through EPHITHELIAL CELLS INTO BLOOD CAPILLARIES (Method:Facilitated Diffusion,Active Transport,Absorbed with water and Osmosis)

Fatty acids,glycerols,Vitamins ADEK= absorbed through EPHITHELIAL CELLS INTO LACTEAL (Method:Simple Diffusion)

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BIOLOGY KSSM FORM 4: 9.3. ABSORPTION (OF DIGESTED FOOD)

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ileum is the last section of the small intestine located between the jejunum and the large intestine . main function of ileum is to absorb vitamin B12 , bile salt and whatever products of digestion . without an ileum , it is possible to survive without the ileum with  appropriate postoperative care , nutritional theraphy and digestive aids . because removal of the valve can cause difficulty in absorbing nutrition and other digestive problems like diarrhea .

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what are illeum ?

ileum is the last part of the small intestine. It connects to the first part of the large intestine. the ileum helps to further digest food coming from the stomach and other parts of the small intestine. it absorbs nutrients (vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fats, proteins) and water from food so they can be used by the body.

what are villus ?

villus or the plural of it “villi” is a small, slender, vascular projections that increase the surface area of a membrane for food absorption and adding digestive secretions.

ILEUM

long ileum is adapted to absorb nutrients

the internal layer is folded and covered by villus

what happens when the ileum is removed?

the ileum is responsible for the digestion and absorption of nutrients and everything else that is not digested by the rest of the intestine

removal of the valve can cause difficulty in absorbing nutrition and digestive problems like diarrhea

it is possible to survive without the ileum with appropriate postoperative care, nutritional therapy and digestive care

VILLUS

1. epithelial layer

one cell thick

accelerate nutrient absorption

1. goblet cells

secrete mucus to aid digestion

1. network of blood capillaries

transport digestive products to the whole body

1. lacteal

carries droplets of fatty acids and glycerol

1. intestinal glands

secrete intestinal juices that have digestive enzymes

MICROVILLUS

there are many microvillus on the surface of the villus epithelium

provides large surface area to increase the rate of nutrient absorption

if you want to know more about this topic, you can click the link below :

https://youtu.be/Lru700V6yO8

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The small intestine (ileum)

Food is digested in the mouth, stomach and finally in the ileum by amylase, protease and lipase.

The main function of the ileum is the absorption of digested food products into the bloodstream, so they can be transported to the cells of the body.

Adaptation of the ileum for absorption:

Large surface area – due to being long and folded.

Thin – digested food doesn’t have to travel far to reach the blood.

Permeable – digested food can pass through easily.

Good blood supply – to maintain the concentration gradient for diffusion between the ileum and bloodstream.

Villi – finger like projections that further increase surface area.

Villus

Light micrograph of an intestinal villus shows the important components of this structure.

Villus is lined by epithelial enterocytes that contain a brush border.

Goblet cells with their clear mucous droplets are interspersed between these enterocytes.

Lamina propria supports the epithelial cells and makes up the core of the villus. Present in this layer are blood vessels, immune cells, and a lymphatic vessel, or lacteal, that is important for fat absorption.

Villi also contain a strand of smooth muscle that cause them to move and mix the contents of the intestinal lumen.

Microvillus

In the most simplistic terms, are tiny little microscopic projections that exist in, on, and around cells.

They can exist on their own or in conjunction with villi (projections of some mucous membranes, most specifically of the small intestine, which are tiny folds that project out like numerous fingers).

On each of the villi, there are even smaller folds that stick out like fingers called microvilli (microvillus).

Microvillus are most often found in the small intestine, on the surface of egg cells, as well as on white blood cells.

Thousands of microvillus form a structure called the brush border that is found on the apical surface of some epithelial cells, such as the small intestines.

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Small intestine and food absorption | Physiology | Biology | FuseSchool

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1. The ileum helps to further digest food coming from the stomach and other parts of the small intestine. It absorbs nutrients (vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates,fats, proteins)and water from food so they can be used by the body

2. The epithelial layer of the villus is one cell thick. Thus helps accelerate nutrient absorption.

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ileum in biology is the final and longest segment of the small intestine.
The ileum is about 3.5 metres (11.5 feet) long and extends from the jejunum to the ileocecal valve,which empties into the colon (large intestine)

the ileum helps to further digest food coming from the stomach and other parts of the small intestine. It absorbs nutrients (vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates,fats, proteins)and water from food so they can be used by the body

ileum is the last part of the small intestine. It connect to the cecum (first part of the large intestine). The ileum helps to further digest food coming from the stomach and other parts of the small intestine.

can you live without an ileum??
removal of the valve can cause difficulty in absorbing nutrition and other digestive problems. However,it is possible to survive without the ileum with appropriate, postoperative care, nutritional therapy and digestive aids.

the long ileum is adapted to absorb nutrients because its internal layer is folded and covered by tiny projections called villi.

VILLUS
villi are specialized for absorption in the small intestine as they have a thin wall,one cell thick,which enables a shorter diffusion path. They have a large surface area so there will be more efficient absorption of fatty acids and glycerol into the blood stream.

intestinal villi are a unique structural and functional unit for the luminal sensing, digestion absorption, secretion and immune defense in the small intestine.

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BIOLOGY KSSM FORM 4: 9.3. ABSORPTION (OF DIGESTED FOOD)