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Video recording of final TOK presentation.

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Video recording of final TOK presentation.

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https://youtu.be/91nMbM1XGtU

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+ my TOK presentation in case something is not clear

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Reliability of historical knowledge about the past_2

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Real Life situation: Well-known story about heroic feat committed by Panfilov's military personnel made up by a journalist and highly supported by the USSR government during WW2 for the purpose of raising morale and agitating people to join the army.
AOK: History and Human Sciences
WOK: Reason, Language/Faith
KQ: To what extent can the knowledge about the past be a reliable source of information?
Evidence:
Claims and counterclaims:
History - AOK;
Claim 1 - Due to wars and natural disasters knowledge about the past can not be preserved from the damage, therefore knowledge acquired from those times might have low reliability.
Evidence: Royal library of Alexandria and its destruction by Caesar intentionally to exclude unflattering facts while writing his own history.
Alexandria was founded in Egypt by Alexander the Great.  It has been estimated that at one time the Library of Alexandria held over half a million documents from Assyria, Greece, Persia, Egypt, India and many other nations.
The first person blamed for the destruction of the Library is none other than Julius Caesar himself. In 48 BC, Caesar was pursuing Pompey into Egypt when he was suddenly cut off by an Egyptian fleet at Alexandria. Greatly outnumbered and in enemy territory, Caesar ordered the ships in the harbor to be set on fire. The fire spread and destroyed the Egyptian fleet. Unfortunately, it also burned down part of the city - the area where the great Library stood. Caesar wrote of starting the fire in the harbor but neglected to mention the burning of the Library. Such an omission proves little since he was not in the habit of including unflattering facts while writing his own history. If he was solely to blame for the disappearance of the Library it is very likely significant documentation on the affair would exist today.
Counterclaim 1 - By using many sources of information knowledge about the past can be proved on its reliability without further hesitations.
Evidence: Revealing the truth about the Gleiwitz incident only after the WW2 and analysing it through many memoirs and physical evidence that was not destroyed by the time.
The Gleiwitz incident was a covert Nazi German attack on the German radio station Sender Gleiwitz on the night of 31 August 1939. The attack was a false flag operation, staged with some two dozen similar German incidents on the eve of the invasion of Poland leading up to World War II in Europe. The attackers posed as Polish nationals. Adolf Hitler's armed forces invaded Poland the next morning after a lengthy period of preparations. During his declaration of war, Hitler did not mention the Gleiwitz incident but grouped all provocations staged by the SS as an alleged Polish assault on Germany. The Gleiwitz incident is the best-known action of Operation Himmler, a series of special operations undertaken by the Schutzstaffel (SS) to serve Nazi German propaganda at the outbreak of war. The operation was intended to create the appearance of Polish aggression against Germany to justify the invasion of Poland. Evidence for the Gleiwitz attack by the SS was provided by the German SS officer, Alfred Naujocks in 1945.
Human sciences - AOK;
Claim 2 - The reliability of past knowledge can be highly questioned due to constant political interference in interpretation and distributing the knowledge among the world's population.
Evidence: Different perspectives on Japan's action during WW2.
Unlike certain other axis belligerents, Japan has shown no intention of apologising for its acts in World War II and its pre-war aggression into neighbouring countries. And most worryingly of all, in contrast with Germany, Japan has historically offered postwar generations of students very little education on its conduct in the war.
The Japanese school curriculum largely glosses over the occupations of Taiwan, China, Korea and various Russian islands before the attack on Pearl Harbor; it essentially doesn’t teach the details of the war in the Pacific and Southeast Asia until Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
China and South Korea are of course particularly angry at this, especially given the lack of an apology for the assorted war crimes Japanese troops committed in their countries from 1910. That list includes torture, mass slaughter, and the abduction of women to serve as sex slaves for soldiers (“comfort women”).
Counterclaim 2 - Production of falsified knowledge can be easily discovered by indirect evidence and can not stay hidden for a long time.
Evidence: The Katyn massacre attempt to falsify the facts and discovery of truth after excavations.
The Katyn massacre was a series of mass executions of about 22,000 Polish military officers and intelligentsia carried out by the Soviet Union, specifically the NKVD ("People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs", the Soviet secret police) in April and May 1940.

The government of Nazi Germany announced the discovery of mass graves in the Katyn Forest in April 1943. The USSR claimed the Nazis had killed the victims, and it continued to deny responsibility for the massacres until 1990, when it officially acknowledged and condemned the killings by the NKVD, as well as the subsequent cover-up by the Soviet government.

Having retaken the Katyn area almost immediately after the Red Army had recaptured Smolensk, around September–October 1943, NKVD forces began a cover-up operation. They destroyed a cemetery the Germans had permitted the Polish Red Cross to build and removed other evidence. Witnesses were "interviewed" and threatened with arrest for collaborating with the Nazis if their testimonies disagreed with the official line. As none of the documents found on the dead had dates later than April 1940, the Soviet secret police planted false evidence to place the apparent time of the massacre in mid-1941, when the German military had controlled the area.
Conclusion: As shown in claims and counterclaims the past knowledge can be easily manipulated by many different methods and may not have the highest level of reliability, but all the knowledge humanity is using nowadays came from and is based on previous knowledge acquired by us. There are certain limitations to it but overall we should continue questioning knowledge that seems unreliable and try to avoid commonly used biased interpretations of those. Sometimes the production of the knowledge was not clearly revealed to the public due to reasons why each government has secret agencies and state secrets.