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Egypsians used translation to share some knowledge to slaves to improve their slavery life.

FIRST PHASE OF TRANSLATION
The first translation work  was from Egyptian culture to share knowledge to earth.
God´s language needed to be translated.
From Hebrew into Arabic.

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Sumerian poem was translated into Asian languages in the second millennium BC.

Buddhist monks translated Indian documents into Chinese.

Ancient Greek  texts were translated by Roman poets.
Translation services were utilized in Rome by Cicero and Horace

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THIRD PHASE OF TRANSLATION  "THE GREEKS"        300 BC

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THIRD PHASE OF TRANSLATION  "THE GREEKS"        300 BC

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Greek academics works were translated by Arabic.
Arabic created their own versions,  later translated into Latin, during the Middle Ages.

Romans used translation to conquer the world.

EARLY HISTORY TRANSLATION  300 BC
Translation word comes from: The Latin  meaning “to bring or carry across”

The Ancient Greek metaphrasis meaning "to speak across” from this term "metaphrase" meaning is "word-for-word-translation"

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FOURTH PHASE OF TRANSLATIONS “ RELIGIOUS” 3rd. CENTURY

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FOURTH PHASE OF TRANSLATIONS “ RELIGIOUS” 3rd. CENTURY

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Religious texts like  the Old Testament were translated into Greek, it refers to the “Septuagint” translated from the Hebrew Bible into Greek.

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St. Jerome ( 347- 420 AC). He translated the Bible from Greek and Hebrew into Latin (the official Catholic translation of the Bible).

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16th CENTURY    TRANSLATION AS THE MAJOR APPROACH        

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16th CENTURY    TRANSLATION AS THE MAJOR APPROACH        

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Translation was the popular method when teaching Greek to Latin speakers or viceversa.

Famous translator
Gaspar Antonio Chi (1531- 1610).
The interpreter of King Charles V of Spain and an informant for Diego de Landa about his “Relaciones de la cosas de Yucatán”

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FAMOUS TRANSLATOR 18th. CENTURY.                             

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FAMOUS TRANSLATOR 18th. CENTURY.                             

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Sacagawea (1788-1812).
Interpreterer during the negotiation between the explorers and the Shoshone tribe.

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Translation  the major method to understand and learn grammatical usage in the  target language (SL/FL),

FAMOUS TRANSLATOR
Alexander Burnes ( 1805- 1841).
A British interpreter.
The spy for the British military in the Early 1800s.

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Mark Twain (1835-1910).
He translated from the French version to English his story "The  Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County” but kept the French order and grammatical structure intact.

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Jorge Luis Borges (1899-1986).
He translated Oscar Wilde´s The Happy Prince into Argentinian Spanish at the age of 9.
He translated  the works of other authors ( Edgar Alian Poe, Franz Kafka, and Virginia Woolf).

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Called “The age of translation” Used in war crime courts, began at the end of the world war two.
German - English,
French - English,
German - French,
Italian - English.

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1991 Larsen- Freeman and Brown 1994 Discuss the need for grammar teaching along with communicative tasks.

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Ellis
He suggested grammar teaching can enhance learner proficiency and accuracy.

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Doughty and Williams. Instruction  integrated into language teaching.
Approaches combines traditional synthetic grammar teaching.

Hardley negotiating meaning in a set linguistic and non-linguistic context.

Swain metalinguistic discussion (meta talk) using dictogloss tasks.

Long & Robinson. Attention shifting to forms during communication.

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CASTAÑON, J. A.    (2001): History of Translation Class Powerpoint Presentation slides 1-18.