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Writing Workshop Session 1: Introduction to journal articles

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Writing Workshop Session 1: Introduction to journal articles

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At the end of the lesson, you will be able to:
1. identify the anatomy of a journal article
2. identify research areas
3. determine a suitable journal
4. Understanding the journal
5. Use padlet for their learning environments

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Slides Writing Workshop Series 1: Introduction to Journal Articles

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Slides Writing Workshop Series 1: Introduction to Journal Articles

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Introduction to Journal Articles 19 JUNE latest

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An index is a list of items pulled together for a purpose. Journal indexes (also called bibliographic indexes or bibliographic databases) are lists of journals, organized by discipline, subject, or type of publication.

Journals included in an index are considered of higher quality than journals that are not. This is because journals have to go through a vetting process to be included, or indexed, in reputable bibliographic databases.

In the Walden Library, journal indexes are online bibliographic databases.

Indexing is one criteria to consider, along with peer review status and journal impact, when choosing a journal in which to publish.

Note: Journals indexed in certain online databases meet research dissemination standards developed by the Center for Research Quality (CRQ). Not every database in the Library meets these standards. For more information about which online databases meet CRQ indexing standards, please review the Publication Guidelines on the Center for Research Quality's Research Dissemination: Publication RDS page.

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Academic Guides: Library Guide to Academic Publishing: Journal Indexes

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An index is a list of items pulled together for a purpose. Journal indexes (also called bibliographic indexes or bibliographic databases) are lists of journals, organized by discipline, subject, or type of publication. Journals included in an index are considered of higher quality than journals that are not.

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https://www.wordclouds.com/

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wordcloud  Writing for Publication Workshop Series

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Submission Guidelines J-ELLiT (Journal of English Language, Literature, and Teaching)

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Submission Guidelines J-ELLiT (Journal of English Language, Literature, and Teaching)

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Online Submissions

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Go to Registration

Registration and login are required to submit items online and to check the status of current submissions.

Author Guidelines

1. Submission
Journal of English Language, Literature and Teaching accepts articles on English language teaching and learning, linguistics, and literature, which have
not been published or are not currently under consideration elsewhere. The submitting author is responsible for ensuring that the article is an original
publication. Articles are invited and should be submitted by one of the authors (a corresponding author) of the articles through online submission to
the email of Department of English, Faculty of Letters, Universitas Negeri Malang: sastrainggris.fs@um.ac.id

2. Plagiarism Policy
The journal does not allow plagiarism and any plagiarism in any form is unacceptable. However, the journal allow a similarity index up to 20 %. The
author has the responsibility of informing or notifying the Editor-in-Chief at the time of submission if there is
any doubt whether a manuscript may violate any of Journal's Policy.

3. Articles
a) Conceptual articles should include: (a) Title; (b) Full name of contributor(s) without title(s); (c) Abstract (100-150 words); (d) Keywords (3-5
words); (e) Introduction without heading; (f) Body text; and (g) References.
b) Research-based articles should contain: (a) Title; (b) Full name of contributor(s) without title(s); (c) Abstract (100-150 words); (d) Keywords (3-5
words); (e) Introduction without heading, which includes review of related literature and research purpose; (f) Method; (g) Findings and Discussion;
(h) Conclusions and Suggestions; (i) References; and (j) Appendix, if any

4. Title Page
The following information should be included on the title page and should be submitted as a seperated file:
a) Full author names
b) Professional affiliation for all authors
c) Email addresses for all authors
d) Abstract (100-150 words)
e) Keywords (3-5 words)
f) Corresponding author and full (institutional) mailing address

5. Manuscript Length
To be considered for publication, manuscripts should be 3000-6000 words in length

6. Referencing and Citation Style
Journal of English Language, Literature and Teaching follows the APA guidelines (6th edition). Please ensure that dates, spelling, and title used in the
text are consistent with those listed in the references. Please use Reference Manager Applications like EndNote, Mendeley, Zotero, etc.

7. CV
A brief CV of not more than 200 words

8. Note
Journal of English Language, Literature and Teaching (J-ELLiT) does not charge author fees for article submissions, processing and publication.

Submission Preparation Checklist

As part of the submission process, authors are required to check off their submission's compliance with all of the following items, and submissions may be returned to authors that do not adhere to these guidelines.

1. The submission has not been previously published, nor is it before another journal for consideration (or an explanation has been provided in Comments to the Editor).

2. The submission file is in OpenOffice, Microsoft Word, RTF, or WordPerfect document file format.

3. Where available, URLs for the references have been provided.

4. The text is single-spaced; uses a 12-point font; employs italics, rather than underlining (except with URL addresses); and all illustrations, figures, and tables are placed within the text at the appropriate points, rather than at the end.

5. The text adheres to the stylistic and bibliographic requirements outlined in the Author Guidelines, which is found in About the Journal.

6. If submitting to a peer-reviewed section of the journal, the instructions in Ensuring a Blind Review have been followed.

Privacy Statement

The names and email addresses entered in this journal site will be used exclusively for the stated purposes of this journal and will not be made available for any other purpose or to any other party.

Author Fees

This journal charges the following author fees.

Article Submission: 0.00 (IDR)
Every article processed and published in the Journal of English, Language, Literature, and Teaching are free of charges.

If you do not have funds to pay such fees, you will have an opportunity to waive each fee. We do not want fees to prevent the publication of worthy work.

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journal; of english; language; literature; and teaching

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Already have a Username/Password for J-ELLiT (Journal of English Language, Literature, and Teaching)? Go to Login Need a Username/Password? Go to Registration Registration and login are required to submit items online and to check the status of current submissions. 1.

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Useful Phrases and Sentences for Academic & Research Paper Writing

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Useful Phrases and Sentences for Academic & Research Paper Writing

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Ref-n-Write: Scientific Research Paper Writing Software Tool - Improve Academic English Writing Skills

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1. Abstract

An abstract is a self-contained and short synopsis that describes a larger work. The abstract is the only part of the paper that is published online and in most conference proceedings. Hence abstract constitutes a very important section of your paper. Also, when you submit your paper to a journal, potential reviewers only see the abstract when invited by an editor to review a manuscript. The abstract should include one or two lines briefly describing the topic, scope, purpose, results, and conclusion of your work. The abstract is indexed by search engines, so make sure that it has all the right words that a fellow researcher in the same field will be using while searching for articles online. Also, make sure it is rich with data and numbers to demonstrate the scientific rigor of your article. Be very clear and confident about your findings. Keep it punchy and straight to the point.

The abstract section of your research paper should include the following:

Click here for the academic phrases and vocabulary for the abstract section of the research paper...

2. Introduction

Introduction section comes after the abstract. Introduction section should provide the reader with a brief overview of your topic and the reasons for conducting research. The introduction is a perfect place to set the scene and make a good first impression. Regarding word count, introduction typically occupies 10-15% of your paper, for example, if the total word count of your paper is 3000, then you should aim for an introduction of around 600 words. It is often recommended that the introduction section of the paper is written after finishing the other sections of the paper. This is because it is difficult to figure out what exactly to put in the introduction section of the paper until you have seen the big picture. Sound very confident about your chosen subject area and back up your arguments with appropriate references. After reading the introduction, the reader must have a clear idea of what to expect from the rest of your research paper.

The introduction section of your research paper should include the following:

Click here for the academic phrases and vocabulary for the introduction section of the research paper...

3. Literature review

The literature review should clearly demonstrate that the author has a good knowledge of the research area. Literature review typically occupies one or two passages in the introduction section. A well-written literature review should provide a critical appraisal of previous studies related to the current research area rather than a simple summary of prior works. The author shouldn't shy away from pointing out the shortcomings of previous works. However, criticising other's work without any basis can weaken your paper. This is a perfect place to coin your research question and justify the need for such a study. It is also worth pointing out towards the end of the review that your study is unique and there is no direct literature addressing this issue. Add a few sentences about the significance of your research and how this will add value to the body of knowledge.

The literature review section of your research paper should include the following:

Click here for the academic phrases and vocabulary for the literature review section of the research paper...

4. Materials and Methods

The methods section that follows the introduction section should provide a clear description of the experimental procedure, and the reasons behind the choice of specific experimental methods. The methods section should be elaborate enough so that the readers can repeat the experimental procedure and reproduce the results. The scientific rigor of the paper is judged by your materials and methods section, so make sure you elaborate on all the fine details of your experiment. Explain the procedures step-by-step by splitting the main section into multiple sub-sections. Order procedures chronologically with subheadings. Use past tense to describe what you did since you are reporting on a completed experiment. The methods section should describe how the research question was answered and explain how the results were analyzed. Clearly explain various statistical methods used for significance testing and the reasons behind the choice.

The methods section of your research paper should include the following:

Click here for the academic phrases and vocabulary for the methods section of the research paper...

5. Results and Discussion

The results and discussion sections are one of the challenging sections to write. It is important to plan this section carefully as it may contain a large amount of scientific data that needs to be presented in a clear and concise fashion. The purpose of a Results section is to present the key results of your research. Results and discussions can either be combined into one section or organized as separate sections depending on the requirements of the journal to which you are submitting your research paper. Use subsections and subheadings to improve readability and clarity. Number all tables and figures with descriptive titles. Present your results as figures and tables and point the reader to relevant items while discussing the results. This section should highlight significant or interesting findings along with P values for statistical tests. Be sure to include negative results and highlight potential limitations of the paper. You will be criticized by the reviewers if you don't discuss the shortcomings of your research. This often makes up for a great discussion section, so do not be afraid to highlight them.

The results and discussion section of your research paper should include the following:

Click here for the academic phrases and vocabulary for the results and discussion section of the research paper...

6. Conclusion and Future Work

A research paper should end with a well-constructed conclusion. The conclusion is somewhat similar to the introduction. You restate your aims and objectives and summarize your main findings and evidence for the reader. You can usually do this in one paragraph with three main key points, and one strong take-home message. You should not present any new arguments in your conclusion. You can raise some open questions and set the scene for the next study. This is a good place to register your thoughts about possible future work. Try to explain to your readers what more could be done? What do you think are the next steps to take? What other questions warrant further investigation? Remember, the conclusion is the last part of the essay that your reader will see, so spend some time writing the conclusion so that you can end on a high note.

The conclusion section of your research paper should include the following:

Click here for the academic phrases and vocabulary for the conclusions and future work sections of the research paper...

7. Acknowledgements and Appendix

There is no standard way to write acknowledgements. This section allows you to thank all the people who helped you with the project. You can take either formal or informal tone; you won't be penalized. You can place supplementary materials in the appendix and refer to them in the main text. There is no limit on what you can place in the appendix section. This can include figures, tables, costs, budget, maps, etc. Anything that is essential for the paper but might potentially interrupt the flow of the paper goes in the appendix.

Click here for the academic phrases and vocabulary for the acknowledgements and appendix sections of the research paper...

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Useful Phrases and Sentences for Academic & Research Paper Writing

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An abstract is a self-contained and short synopsis that describes a larger work. The abstract is the only part of the paper that is published online and in most conference proceedings. Hence abstract constitutes a very important section of your paper.

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Organizing Your Social Sciences Research Paper

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Organizing Your Social Sciences Research Paper

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Research Guides: Organizing Your Social Sciences Research Paper: Academic Writing Style

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Offers detailed guidance on how to develop, organize, and write a college-level research paper in the social and behavioral sciences.

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1. Stage 1:  Outlining -  organising your ideas in the form of an outline
2. Stage 2: Drafting -  writing a paragraph/paragraphs with the main idea and supporting details stated in the outline
3. Stage 3:  Revising - making changes to clarify wording and organisation
E.g.
First Revision:
a. Does the general word/phrase from the outline appear in the first sentence?
b. In the rest of the sentences, are the words, phrases, or sentences that are not related to the main idea in the first sentence?
Second Revision:
c. Does the paragraph make sense to you and to someone else?
d. Have you covered all ideas in the outline?
Third Revision:
e. Can some words be changed for clarity?
f. Are any words repeated excessively?
g. Does the last sentence give a sense of closure to the paragraph?
Revision should be done several times
4. Stage 4: Editing - editing any problems in mechanics
E.g. spelling  errors in sentence structure  punctuation  consistency in verb tense
capitalization consistent point of view grammar usage abbreviations and numbers

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Outline of a manuscript

Part 1:
Title, Full name of contributor(s) without title(s),  Affiliations

Part 2:  Abstract  & Key words

Part 3:
a. Introduction
b. Literature Review
c. Methodology
d. Findings & Discussion
e. Conclusion

Part 4:
Acknowledgements, References, Appendices & About the Author(s)

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Online Submissions

Already have a Username/Password for TEFLIN Journal?
Go to Login

Need a Username/Password?
Go to Registration

Registration and login are required to submit items online and to check the status of current submissions.

Author Guidelines

TEFLIN Journal accepts articles on English language teaching and learning, linguistics, and literature, which have not been published or are under consideration elsewhere.

To be considered for publication, manuscripts should be between 5,000-8,000 words, typed in MS Word doc. format, using 12 size Times New Roman fonts, double-spaced on quarto or A4-size paper.

Articles will be reviewed by subject reviewers, while the editors reserve the right to edit articles for format consistency without altering the substance.

Level one headings are typed in ALL CAPITALS, BOLD, LEFT JUSTIFICATION (like this example)

Level two headings are typed in Capital-lowercase, Bold, Left Justification

Level three headings are typed in Capitals- lowercase, Italic-bold, Left Justification

Conceptual articles should include: (a) Title; (b) Full name of contributor(s) without title(s); (c) Abstract (max. 100 words); (d) Keywords; (e) Introduction without heading; (f) Body text; and (g) References.

Research-based articles should contain: (a) Title; (b) Full name of contributor(s) without title(s); (c) Abstract (max. 200 words); (d) Keywords; (e) Introduction without heading, which includes review of related literature and research purpose; (f) Method; (g) Findings and Discussion; (h) Conclusions and Suggestions; (i) References; and (j) Appendix, if any.

The introduction is without heading and includes review of related literature and research purpose in essay style.

The list of references includes only those that are cited/referred to in the article.

The references should be presented alphabetically and chronologically, and be written in accordance with the APA style.

Manuscripts, as well as contributors' brief CV, and a number of selected items to be included in the subject index (about 20 items) should be attached to the submission.

An article contributor is entitled to two hard copies of the issue in which the article is published, and two offprint copies of the article.

Note: TEFLIN Journal does not charge authors fees for article submissions, processing, and publication.

Submission Preparation Checklist

As part of the submission process, authors are required to check off their submission's compliance with all of the following items, and submissions may be returned to authors that do not adhere to these guidelines.

1. The submission has not been previously published, nor is it before another journal for consideration (or an explanation has been provided in Comments to the Editor).

2. The submission file is in OpenOffice, Microsoft Word, RTF, or WordPerfect document file format.

3. The text is between 5,000-8,000 words, including references.

4. The text is double-spaced; uses a 12-point font; employs italics, rather than underlining (except with URL addresses); and all illustrations, figures, and tables are placed within the text at the appropriate points, rather than at the end.

5. The text adheres to the stylistic and bibliographic requirements outlined in the Author Guidelines.

6. If submitting to a peer-reviewed section of the journal, the instructions in Ensuring a Blind Review have been followed.

7. A number of items to be included in the subject index are provided.

8. A brief CV of not more than 200 words (essential personal ID, education, career, relevant publications) and the completed checklist are attached.

Privacy Statement

The names and email addresses entered in this journal site will be used exclusively for the stated purposes of this journal and will not be made available for any other purpose or to any other party.

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Already have a Username/Password for TEFLIN Journal? Go to Login Need a Username/Password? Go to Registration Registration and login are required to submit items online and to check the status of current submissions. TEFLIN Journal accepts articles on English language teaching and learning, linguistics, and literature, which have not been published or are under consideration elsewhere.

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Publishing in scholarly, academic journals is one of the main ways researchers share their work with each other. You will find many types of things included in an academic journal, but the main purpose is to present scholars' findings written up in primary or original articles, which undergo a peer review process, meaning they are systematically critiqued by other scholars in the relevant fields and judged for relevance, accuracy, validity, significance, appropriate use of research methodologies, before being accepted for publication.

Here is what you will find in a typical academic journal:

Primary / Original articles - Detailed presentations of the results of the authors' original research. These will likely be the type of article you will use most. See the section on "Anatomy of a Journal Article" to see how they are typically structured.These are peer reviewed before being published.

Review article - A methodical review, critique, and synthesis of a set (usually large) of primary research articles on a particular topic, to provide an overview of current research on that topic. If you can find a recently published review article on your topic, that is usually a great place to start your research (they usually include the word 'review' in the title, so look for those).

Meta-analysis - Takes the data from a set of other studies (often previously reported in primary articles) to perform a statistical analysis of a much larger combined data set. So the experiments, field work, etc., to collect data are not original to the study, but the statistical analysis is, so these are peer reviewed.

Methodology articles - Detailed descriptions of new or improved methods, tests, or procedures for experiments, fieldwork, data analysis, etc.

Theoretical articles - Contribute to the theoretical foundations of a field or discipline, by proposing a new theoretical approach or analyzing current theoretical principles.

Short reports / News / Brief communications - Brief reports about, or data from, ongoing original research that may be of timely interest to other researchers. Depending on the field or journal, these may undergo different levels of brief or less thorough peer review, or only editorial review, before publication.

Editorial / Commentary / Letters - Brief opinion pieces written by a journal's editors or submitted by readers, offering commentaries on content published in the journal or on relevant work in the field. Letters submitted by readers are reviewed by editors before publication, but they are not peer reviewed studies, just informed opinions.

Book reviews - Reviews of recently published academic books relevant to the field covered by the journal, written by scholars in the field.

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LibGuides: How to Read an Academic Journal Article: What Is in an Academic Journal

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Publishing in scholarly, academic journals is one of the main ways researchers share their work with each other. You will find many types of things included in an academic journal, but the main purpose is to present scholars' findings written up in primary or original articles, which undergo a peer review process, meaning they are systematically critiqued by other scholars in the relevant fields and judged for relevance, accuracy, validity, significance, appropriate use of research methodologies, before being accepted for publication.

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Nearly all primary source journal articles (reporting the results of authors' own research) in the sciences, and most in the social sciences, follow the standard format below. Arts and humanities articles are more variable in specific formats, but in general they are at least roughly similar; even if they are not divided and labeled in the same manner, they will address these same points:

Introduction - What question was asked?
Methods - How was it answered?
Results - What was the answer?
Conclusion - What does the answer mean?

Knowing the structure of a typical article helps you quickly skim to find and focus on what you need at different stages in your research process, which can save you a lot of time and effort.

For an example, let's take a detailed look at this article on college students and sleep.

The First Page

Journal Title - The title of the journal that published the article, as well as the volume and issue number and date of publication.

Article Title and Authors - The title is usually a concise statement of the topic of the article, and often contains key technical or specific terms. The authors' institutional affiliations are often listed, sometimes including contact information.

Article Info - There is often a section saying when the article was initially submitted, then resubmitted and accepted after revisions. Sometimes it includes a list of keywords the author selected to describe the article and make it findable via search engines.

Abstract - A brief summation of the article, usually including the purpose of the study, main findings, conclusions, and significance of the results.

Introduction - Overview of the contents of the article, explaining the purpose of the study (e.g., the hypothesis being tested, or the question the study seeks to answer) and putting it in context of other research done. Often this will include a literature review - a summary of other work done on the topic, to which this article is adding new findings - but sometimes a literature review is in a section of its own.

Body of the Article

Methods - The specific methodologies - study design, procedures, measurement instruments, data collection, etc. - used to conduct the study.

Results - Detailed outcomes of the study, often including charts, graphs, or tables of data.

Discussion of results - Analysis and interpretation of the results, explaining what conclusions can be drawn (e.g., was the hypothesis confirmed, or were the study's questions answered). This section also places the results in the wider research context outlined in the introduction, and addresses implications for future research.

Limitations and Questions - This could be integrated into the Discussion or Conclusion, a subsection of Discussion (as in this example) or Conclusion, or a separate section. This addresses what the results do not and cannot say, and points to remaining questions unanswered or new questions raised by the findings.
The End
Conclusion - A concise summary of the main findings and significance of the study.

References - A list of all the publications and other sources cited in the article.

Acknowledgments, Appendices, etc. - More recent articles usually disclose sources of funding or possible conflicts of interest (funding or affiliations that may influence the author's interpretations). Some related data, images, etc., may be included in an appendix.

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LibGuides: How to Read an Academic Journal Article: Anatomy of a Journal Article

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Nearly all primary source journal articles (reporting the results of authors' own research) in the sciences, and most in the social sciences, follow the standard format below. Arts and humanities articles are more variable in specific formats, but in general they are at least roughly similar; even if they are not divided and labeled in the same manner, they will address these same points: Introduction - What question was asked?

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Research in the humanities is different from scientific research, so the format of journal articles is also often different. Scientists typically conduct experiments on or observations of some part of the natural world, whereas humanists analyze the meanings of human creations. Social scientists studying the social world typically do experimental or observational research but may do analytical research, and sometimes both.

Humanities (and some social science) articles are thus more typically in the form of essays rather than reports of experiments or observations. Their goal is to establish a point or defend a thesis by logical argumentation and analysis of textual etc. evidence. Humanities articles are also typically referred to as "secondary literature" which critically analyzes primary sources (artistic creations or original records of the object, event, phenomenon, etc., being studied), whereas science and most social science articles are referred to as "primary literature" which present the authors' original analysis of the data (experimental results, field measurements, surveys, etc.) which they collected or created.

Without an experiment to report, a humanities article will not have sections for experimental methods and results. It will typically have:

An introduction posing a question to be answered or a problem to be addressed. Generally, this includes a literature review putting the question in context by pointing out a problem or gap in previous explanations or interpretations. Then the article states the thesis it will argue for. You may find a single sentence stating the thesis, but the thesis is often described over several sentences or a paragraph or two.

A discussion presenting a detailed analysis of evidence from primary sources used to build an argument to support the thesis.

A conclusion to summarize the results of the analysis and explain the significance of the argument. Limitations and qualifications of arguments, or interesting observations not central to the argument, are often presented in footnotes here and through the discussion.

A bibliography listing sources used.

But the sections may not be labeled that way, or there may be many sections or sub-sections labeling different aspects of the analysis or steps of the argument presented. Also, the introduction, discussion, and conclusion can blend into each other rather than being separate sections. So in general, searching for, selecting, and studying humanities articles is not as systematic as for science and most social science articles.Here are some modifications of the standard steps:

Search: Humanities articles often do not include abstracts, so you cannot always rely only on what is presented in the database you are searching to judge whether it is worth retrieving the full article. If there is no abstract, there may at least be subject tags in the database record, but you may need to open the full article and scan the introductory section to get a better idea of what the article is about and to get more ideas for terms to search.

You may find review articles (the phrase "literature review" or "review of the literature" is usually in the title), but these are not as common in humanities.

Select: Quickly page through the article to see how it is structured. This is easier if there are many labelled sections and sub-sections, but you may need to skim around in the first and last pages of the article to find where the introductory thesis and resulting conclusions are explicated. Skim/read the introduction and conclusion enough to determine whether the article as a whole is relevant to your project, or scan the full article to see whether it includes topics significant to your project.

Study: Start with a relatively quick skim/read through the full article, noting the general structure of the argument: what is it using for evidence, how is it analyzing that evidence and connecting the pieces into an argument, etc. Now you can conduct a close reading of the article and its argument to see how the details fit, and analyze how well the argument supports the thesis. Or, if you are interested only in one or a few topics covered in the article, you know what sections to focus on for a close reading. Also, read the footnotes in any section of the article relevant to your project.

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LibGuides: How to Read an Academic Journal Article: How to Read an Article

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Research in the humanities is different from scientific research, so the format of journal articles is also often different. Scientists typically conduct experiments on or observations of some part of the natural world, whereas humanists analyze the meanings of human creations.

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Graduate school is professionalization into the academy. One of the most important parts of professionalization is being able to publish your research. I was lucky enough to be in a department that had a yearlong seminar dedicated to just that: conducting research and writing a publishable paper prior to starting the dissertation.

But that was just the first step. Much of what I've learned about publishing comes from submitting papers to journals, incorporating reviewer comments, workshopping papers and having conversations with colleagues and mentors.

In this essay, I'll break down and demystify the format of an article for a general journal. Note that I'm a sociologist, so my insights are field-specific. So, too, must I acknowledge that journals, particularly specialty ones, may have their own style of writing, so the articles you read in them may not follow the format I'll lay out below. One of the things you should always do before submitting a paper is read articles published by the journal to which you are submitting to get a sense of the conversations being had in its pages and to find a model for your own work.

Despite such idiosyncrasies, knowing a few things about the purposes and format of a journal article will help you get published. You should understand the function of each section and write accordingly.

Introduction. The purpose of this section is threefold. First, you want to trace previous work on the subject and set up the problem. Second, you need to identify how your paper addresses that problem. That is key: explaining what you do to address the gaps of literature or problem of the paper. Finally, you should note the broader contributions and implications of the piece. I like to think that the contributions of a paper can be theoretical, empirical and/or policy relevant, although often the papers published in top journals have all three.

Theoretical framework. This is commonly referred to as a literature review, but I don't like the term because it implies that you are just doing a passive review of what others have said about your topic. Reviewing previous work is necessary but not sufficient. The purpose of this section goes beyond an accounting of what others have done.

One way to understand the purpose of the theoretical framework is to see it as leading your reader through gaps in the literature that your paper addresses. See the theme? It's specific to what you are doing in the paper. It also includes information that your reader needs to know in order to understand your argument.

For example, you should incorporate any relevant foundational texts. One of the things you see in general journals is that the theoretical framework is often divided into two sections, precisely because general journals want papers that speak to multiple audiences. So one section of your theoretical framework can deal with one set of literature, while the next section deals with another. Part of your contribution can be uniting and filling in the gaps in both sets.

The theoretical framework often gets a bad reputation in the peer-review process, because reviewer comments often make suggestions regarding the theoretical framing of a manuscript. But I see the framework of a paper to be one of its most central parts. If we view research as a conversation, then the framework signals who you are in conversation with -- that is, the relevant audience and broader contributions of your work.

Sometimes a case-study section that gives background information on your specific case follows the theoretical framework. For example, for a 2015 City and Community article, I created a section dedicated just to explaining the history of the Subic Bay Freeport Zone in the Philippines, because it was background that my readers needed to understand the data but not part of my results.

Data and methods. This section answers the question "How do you know what you know?" That can be further broken down into three parts:

1. On what kind of information or material are you basing your findings (e.g., interviews, statistics, documents)?

2. How did you find that information, or where did it come from (e.g., U.S. Census, National Archives, fieldwork)?

3. How did you analyze that information? That is, what software or analytic strategies did you use to come up with your findings?

Results. This section contains the meat of the paper, where you present the findings from your work, and you should keep two points in mind. First, make sure that your results speak to the theoretical and empirical questions that your paper raises in the front half -- in other words, that your paper is cohesive throughout. Second, and particularly for qualitative papers, organize your results analytically or thematically -- not, for example, in chronological order or according to some other simple accounting. You should be thoughtful about how to present your results to get the most out of your findings. (For some reason, academics like the number three, so you will often see three main results in a given paper.)

Discussion or conclusion. You may also find a combined discussion and conclusion at the end of the paper. What are the differences between a discussion and a conclusion? That can vary by author or paper, and it depends on how you've written up your results section. One way you can think about it is that the discussion section allows you to step back from the results section and reflect on the broader story or themes of your results and how they tie together. If you see a discussion section this way, then you can think about a conclusion as addressing three things: 1) summarizing what you did in the paper, including its main findings, 2) acknowledging the limitations of your work and 3) proposing steps for future research that builds on what you've done in the paper.

These tips will not guarantee you publication in a given journal. Your paper's research question, data and methods, findings, and broader significance need to be original, clear and well integrated in discussions in the field. In addition, you also still have to do your due diligence about where to send your paper, including which journal is a good fit, the specific format of its articles and the types of conversations that are within its pages. Nevertheless, the tips I've provided can serve as a foundation from which to start to understand and break down the sometimes-mystifying format of a published journal article.

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How to write an effective journal article and get it published (essay)

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Graduate school is professionalization into the academy. One of the most important parts of professionalization is being able to publish your research. I was lucky enough to be in a department that had a yearlong seminar dedicated to just that: conducting research and writing a publishable paper prior to starting the dissertation.

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Finding quality journal articles for UG: Tips and techniques

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Finding quality journal articles for UG: Tips and techniques

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Finding quality journal articles for UG: Tips and techniques

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Writing a good intro
I expect to learn how to write a good discussion section.
Pharaphrasing and developing experts' statements in a better way to support my thesis's ideas.
Definitely tips and tricks on how to construct decent paragraphs in the Introduction section. I've been trying to find inspiration and guidance for this matter.
Any writing skills that helps me in writing thesis
writing coherently
I can write without any grammar mistakes.
I expect to learn how to write efficiently and comprehensively since I always worry whether my writing is understandable for the readers.
A skill that allows me to write eloquently and dirrectly without adding too many unneccessary repetition or messy grammar.
To make my writings clear
I expect to learn to write professionally.
Improve my article
Being able to write an article or a thesis in a more structured manner and able to convey what is written well and clear according to the method that has been selected and thesis writing guidelines
I expect to develop my skills on: how to write article in academic fluently and how to be able to deliver the on point result.
How to write the good abstract
How to cite and combine ideas.
Scientific journal writing style which is short yet clear.
how to write an article or thesis properly and following the right rules
Skill on how to elaborate the ideas into writing without out of topic.
Research, Editing, and also Time Management
As simple as I can enjoy writing my thesis
Making coherent sentences, familiar with academic writing style
any skills that make me more motivate on doing my thesis
Boarden my scope in writing the literature and follow the publication rules
I can write the introduction with a good flow
The right ways to writing my thesis well and cam be accepted by the lecturer and also for the people outside campus in a larga scale
Citing, correlation between each journal structure
Any writing skills that I hope will bring me ease in composing my article or thesis
How to write and justify my arguments in a concise form
I want to be able to arrange a paragraph with lots of reference that relate with my sentence, how to collect lots of theory or citation becoming one sentence. How to find an idea to arrange each paragraph for each section.
I hope I can learn on how to be more precise and concise in writing.
How to write and cite better and improving my writing skills in academic texts.
i expect to know how the format of the journal I expect to learn about how to write a thesis properly and the chosen word also
I hope I can learn how to write a thesis properly, so that it helps me to finish my thesis immediately
how to correctly write a thesis
writing a proper article
To able to write research articles in a correct way.
any writing skill this seminar offer to help me compose my article/thesis
I hope I can organize my thesis well which following the right rules of writing.
The structures of sentences by using APA 7 th edition
To know better writing
I want to know about how to writing a research article properly so that it has opportunity to be published in an educational journal
How to make good article
I can convey my ideas in my writing coherently and well so they don't go out of topic
Writing a  good thesis article
How to write the article or thesis more effective.
How to cite, how start a literature review, how to use reference manager since I only know how to insert reference from Ms.Word
I expect to learn how to use reference manager and to cite using the APA 6th or 7th edition referencing style. I also expecting to have different ways to write in my article since I thought that I'm lack of writing references.
I expect from this workshop, which is to able to fully understand the methods and good writing in my thesis
How to write coherence paragraphs for a topic.
Whole tips that can improve my writing skills
how to make sentences and topics be coherent smoothly.
I expect to be motivated from my writer's block in writing my thesis and understanding how to properly write thesis in English.
I I hope from this workshop I can understand more about how to write a good quality of Journal
The content of each part, how to make excellent coherence scientific writing, and to do research and writing effectively
How to site references and how to write a good article
I hope this workshop can motivate me to be more enthusiastic in writing
Citing from any kind of scientific resource specifically
Coherence in academic writing skill
Communicating ideas clearly and avoiding plagiarism
writing skills that can help me to write my thesis well
Organize my thesis concisely and clearly also use good vocabulary in every sentence I write.
Through this workshop, I do hope that I can master the writing techniques of each section in the article, knowing what the things that I should put on my writing, learning how to write a neat and systematic draft, so that I can finish my thesis properly.
How to write a good abstract and a good conclusion for a research article
I wish I could write my thesis faster and in a proper way.
Managing my time and thoughts for my ideas.
Writing thesis
Writing article for thesis.
research articles
academic writing
understand how to write a good article
I don't know how to start to write an thesis, its been it confused me
Developing idea for my thesis, paraphrasing/citing, develop and formulating the result
Skill in writing introduction, literature review and abstract
how to write an article
to know more how to use reference manager and how to cites references from different referencing styles
I hope I can compile my thesis well in the form of articles that can be published in official journals.
All of them, especially outlining skills.
Writing sentences effectively and grammatically correct.
How to use reference properly and more effectively using software
I expect that I'll learn how to write a research journal properly
Critical writing
Referencing and discussion
Writing the results and discussion sections
I expect to learn how to make a good article.
writing the references
How to organize the paragraph in effective way, grammar, how to expand basic sentences and elaborate more,
I honestly don't know, I just want to graduate
Paraphrasing
I expect to learn how to write a descriptive writing for my thesis
How to write article properly
article writing
I wanna make my thesis focus on a certain topic using a theoritical judgement not my own opinion such as expository
the skill to develop good article with good language and structure
To write it in more scientific way
Any writing skills for thesis
Report writing skill (research)
Anything
Professional writing skill that can help me to improve my academic writing in order to complete my thesis in the new format (article)
Expecting to have good writing skill on my thesis
Any skills on writing my thesis
I expect I could learn how to write correctly (how to use wide variety of words and sentence types)
I expect to write in concise fashion, as I have been told that my previous writings are too complicated and complex too understand.
I hope by joining this workshop my knowledge of writing skillf for my thesis be improved, also guide me to write correctly and clearly.
Expository writing with proper cohesion and coherence, critically focus only on the topic of writings without jumpy or unnecessary supportive information
Writing Articles
Arranging good introduction and focussing on writing.
The best writing skills that can be use for my Thesis also for journal articles.
Academic Writing and Article Journal Writing
I will be able to properly cite references and know how to paraphrase quotes from other sources correctly
I gain more knowledge about writing a good article, and I am able to write my thesis in the article version better.
Journal writing tips
To write efficiently to avoid spending too much time and energy on the wrong parts.
I expect to learn the proper way of writing an article in order to produce a high-quality paper.