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Paul Ehrlich was an American biologist and an educator who studied at Stanford University.

Erhlich found interest in ecology during his early highschool years and during his later years, his research had focused on entomology. He was concerned about the growing population and how humanity treated Earth: the way humans used the limited amount of resources on Earth compared to the consumption of humans.

One of his main contributions was his publication of many articles and papers on The Population Bomb, which he advocated for population control. Ehrlich was the founding creator of Population Connection, an organization that was created to reduce population growth in order to help the environment. He also held positions in other organizations such as the Sierra Club. The Population Bomb is a best-selling book during his time, it identified the issue of the rapidly growing human population and it also advocated for limiting population growth. He brought the attention to limiting birth rates, but although he brought the problem to attention, years later, his statement of the on-going famine was proved incorrect in some ways that the main problem was over-consumption.

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Julia Butterfly Hill is an American environmental activist and motivational speaker.  She is best known for having lived in a tree for 738 days between December 10, 1997, and December 18, 1999. Hill lived in the tree, affectionately known as Luna, to prevent Pacific Lumber Company loggers from cutting it down. It had started as a regular protest to stop the cutting down of trees from the redwoods in Humboldt County by the Pacific Lumber Co. loggers. Every couple of days a group of “front-liners” would rotate tree-sitting, but eventually, they wanted someone to stay in the tree for one whole week. Julia said, "Nobody else would volunteer so they had to pick me" she ended up staying much longer than the initial week living in a canopy. When she eventually agreed to come down 783 days later they had come to an agreement to not cut down the trees. She has now founded the non-profit organization Circle of Life and was the visionary of We The Planet, setting the standards for green festivals, events, and tours in the US.  She co-founded the Engage Network and is the inspiration behind What’s Your Tree.  She also acts as a strategic advisor for numerous other organizations.  Julia Butterfly Hill speaks regularly on university campuses, has addressed the United Nations, lobbied congress, and has continued to stand on the front lines of environmental and social justice issues all over the world. She even wrote a book - The Legacy of Luna: The Story of a Tree, a Woman, and the Struggle to Save the Redwoods.

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Shayla Holden- Marjorie Stoneman Douglas 

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Shayla Holden- Marjorie Stoneman Douglas 

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Marjorie Douglas was a journalist and environmentalist. She wrote a book about the Everglades, 1.5 million acres of wetlands. In the 1950s, as the population in Florida increased farmers wanted dry land for agriculture. Douglas defended the Everglades against attempts to drain it for land development. In 1969 she created a non-profit organization to raise money and awareness in order to protect the park. Douglas struggled in protecting the Everglades, she felt that it was "an enormous battle between man's intelligence and his stupidity." Because of her constant fighting, having the Everglades National Park allows residents in Southern Florida to have clean drinking water.

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Jane Goodall is a primatologist most known for her work with wild chimpanzees in Tanzania. She was born on April 3, 1934 in London and has contributed countless studies to the world.

One of Goodall's major contributions was to the field of primatology with the discovery of tool making in chimpanzees. This is notable because only humans were thought to use tools, but Goodall's discovery led to a reconsideration of the term "human."

Another contribution Goodall made during her study with chimpanzees were their cooperative hunting of red colobus monkeys. Goodall made the discovery that chimpanzees hunted together in a pack to eat and find out that they were meat eaters as well.

She also found out that chimps patrolled their borders. This discovery was connected to humans in the way that human criminals protect their territory.

Jane Goodall also received a Ph.D at Cambridge and helped break the barrier of the definition of humans. Before her work, the idea that animals could exhibit human like behaviors was rejected. However, Goodall graduated with a thesis entitled "Behaviro of the Free Ranging Chimpanzee."

She was also sponsored by National Geographic and released books with her work alongside chimps. "My Life Among Wild Chimpanzees" and a TV documentary "Miss Goodall and the Wild Chimpanzees" were a huge success and showed a new side to animals such as the social life of chimpanzees.

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Thoreau influenced many by keeping journals of what all he has experienced. His trips into the wild taught Thoreau a simple lifestyle, which he conveyed into his writings. He was also a naturalist and loved coexisting with nature. His most famous piece was based off of his trip to the Walden Pond in 1845. His text was called "Life in the Woods." These writings let Thoreau express himself as well as teach others about the joys of nature.

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Aldo Leopold was a conservationist, forester, philosopher, educator, writer, and outdoor enthusiast. He was often known as "the father of wildlife ecology and the United States’ wilderness system." One of Leopold's most important contributions to environmental science was his idea for land ethics. His idea was about strengthening the bond and relationship between humans and nature. In 1949, his essay, "Land Ethics" was published as the finale in the Sand County Almanac. It represented a call for moral responsibility to the nature around us. Leopold wrote that “we can only be ethical in relation to something we can see, understand, feel, love, or otherwise have faith in.” He believed that direct contact with the nature that surrounds our daily lives would help shift our morals and ethics to caring more about what goes on in the world and our environment. His dream was widely accepted as people started having more conversations about how we can start caring more about the people, land, and the interactions between the two to shape a better future for everyone.

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Sister Dorothy Stang was an American Missionary and Activist during her lifetime. She was a Brazilian member of the Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur starting in 1948 and taught elementary school until 1966 when she began her ministry in Coroata, Brazil. Stang contributed to helping Brazil's environment and people. Her main goal was to fight to maintain the Brazilian Rainforest, since new agricultural practices were causing depletion and destruction of the rainforest. She taught small farmers how to plot crops on small land and get materials from the rainforest without harming it and causing deforestation in the 1970's. She also protected these farmers against gangs and ranchers who would harm their plots. Stang played a key role in fighting to preserve the Brazilian rainforest in the late 1960's and throughout the rest of her life; sending her message that harmful agricultural practices that cause deforestation and depletion of the rainforest should not be used; rather she taught the Brazilian's how to maintain their rainforest while still benefiting off its resources and keeping an healthy ecosystem.

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Aracely Hernandez George Washington Carver

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Aracely Hernandez George Washington Carver

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During the early years of the 20th century, Carver was a well known black agricultural scientist as well as an inventor dating from 1860-1943. Carter discovered the hazardous impacts of growing cotton such as soil depletion, decreasing nutrition and low levels of yields. Therefore, he encouraged the planting of nitrogen fixed plants such as sweet potatoes and peanuts and other numerous forms to restore the soil. These forms were heavily used because it not only allowed for cotton to be planted once more but it kept soils rich. Carter also known as the peanut man invented the Jessup wagon and various products that contained peanuts involving oils, dyes, cosmetics, paper, and soaps the years 1919 further awarding him his nickname. One particular technique he generated was crop rotation which drastically impacted farming. His innovations granted him recognition from the president in 1921. Sadly the year 1943 Carter passed away. Most of his methods and inventions however, are still used till this day.

https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/george-washington-carver

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President Clinton signed the Border Smog Reduction Act (October 27, 1998), which prohibited entry into the U.S. of certain foreign vehicles which do not comply with state laws governing emission.

President Clinton issued an executive order expanding recycling by Federal agencies (September 14, 1998)

President Clinton issued an executive order to prevent the introduction of invasive species into our environment (February 3, 1999)

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Steve Irwin was an animal enthusiast and an Australian zookeeper. He was known nationwide for hosting the "Crocodile Hunter" television series along with other TV programs such as National Geographic. Throughout his lifetime, Irwin gave multiple contributions to the field of wildlife education and conservation. These contributions include, the foundation of the Wildlife Warriors Worldwide, which Irwin and his wife, Terri Irwin, established in 2002. The foundation was created to invite people all over the world to participate in the protecting of injured, threatened, or endangered animals and species. This is a major and significant contribution because his Wildlife Warrior foundation donated more than 1.5 million dollars to wildlife. Steve Irwin is remembered from his positive contributions on November 15th every year.

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Jeff Corwin became a conservationalist during his time in high school and has one been ever since. In 1993, he addressed the United Nations and led a string of lectures about the need to conserve rain forests and wildlife, as well as many on gold mining, ecology, and other areas conservation. He focused primarily on televising his exploits as a conservationalist and spreading the good word. In 1994, Corwin was an expedition naturalist for The JASON Project and from 1997–1999 Corwin hosted Going Wild with Jeff Corwin for Disney Channel. He partnered with Animal Planet and Discovery Communications as a host and executive producer of two series, The Jeff Corwin Experience from 2000 until 2003 and Corwin's Quest in 2005 and 2006. He's continued to televise his concerns about the environment to this day.

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Richard Milhous Nixon was the 37th president of the United States. In addition to this, however, he was also a lawyer, military officer, author, and statesperson.

In January of 1970, he created the Environmental Protection Agency. This agency served to combine many other agencies with similar goals that were present at the time. The primary focus of this agency was addressing concerns regarding pollutants in the air, surface water, groundwater, and solid waste disposal. Nowadays, the EPA spends it’s resources in research, studying our impact on the environment and how best to reduce it. They also study the events of climate change, and how our actions can invoke severe weather. The rest of the 1970s became known as the “Environmental Decade.” He set up many more laws and policies throughout this time: the Clean Air Act Extension (1970) enforced regulations on harmful chemicals in the air, the Marine Mammal Protection Act (1972) regulated the commercial and trade use of marine animals, and The Safe Drinking Water Act (1974) protected the bodies of water filtered for consumption. Through these various policies and regulations, the government and private industries were able to decrease the number of harmful chemicals and emissions. By regulating the manufacturing, processing, distribution, and use of chemicals and harmful  substances, the larger corporations and citizens are more aware of the individual impacts they have on the environment, as well as long term consequences that may stem from their use.

Nixon brought global diplomatic attention to environmental issues using his presidential powers, and also promoted legislation in Congress to create a permanent structure for these legislations. By bringing light to these issues, Nixon reinforced them in the minds of American citizens and gathered global attention as well.

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John Jay Audubon was an ornithologist, naturalist, and painter. He wrote a book called Birds of America which was a book with 435 life-size watercolors of North American birds which he is mainly known for. He was also known for his his extensive studies about different types of American birds. The National Audubon Society (which is named after him) is a society that protects birds and their homes and has 600,000 members.

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Paul Watson was a marine wildlife conservation and environmental activist who founded the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society in 1977. By founding the Sea Shepherd Conversation Society, he made an organization in order to go against the destruction of habitats and wildlife within oceans to protect the ecosystem. This organization prevents illegal exploitation of the world's oceans, using direct action to defend marine life thus helping the environment for marine life. In addition to the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society, Watson was also a member of Greenpeace International in 1971 where he used direct action tactics to defend wildlife from hunters. With these tactics, he caused whaling vessels to be unable to kill off whales in the oceans, making a strong impact on the protection of whales in oceans against whaling.  Later on, he became elected into the board of directors in the Sierra Club from 2003-2006 which is one the of the biggest organizations to promote the protection and preservation of the natural environment, thus continuing to help and protect the environment. Throughout his life, Paul Watson has become famous for his work for protecting marine animals, with notable awards like the Jules Verne Award in 2012 as well as documentaries and TV shows on his efforts to protect the environment. Despite controversy regarding his direct action tactics, Watson's actions towards being an activist for the environment have shown that one person can create change for our environment to be better protected.

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Charles Darwin was a British naturalist and biologist who developed the theory of evolution based on natural selection.  In 1831, he embarked on a 5 year voyage around the HMS Beagle. Over the course of the trip, Darwin collected a variety of natural specimens, including birds, plants and fossils which led him to formulate his theories. Darwin formulated his theory after seeing the similarities among the species with variations depending who where the species lived. The led Darwin to believe the species all evolved from a common ancestor. Darwin’s theory of evolution and the process of natural selection later became known simply as “Darwinism.” On November 24, 1859, he published a detailed explanation of his theory in his best-known work, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection. Social Darwinism is a collection of ideas that emerged in the late 1800s that adopted Darwin’s theory of evolution to explain social and economic issues. But while attempting to explain his ideas to the public, Darwin borrowed widely understood concepts, such as “survival of the fittest” from sociologist Herbert Spencer. Over time, as the Industrial Revolution and laissez faire capitalism swept across the world, social Darwinism has been used as a justification for imperialism, labor abuses, poverty, racism, eugenics and social inequality. He benefited the environment by introducing the theory of evolution and led people to discover how humanity evolved.

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Al Gore was the 45th former Vice President for the former Democratic President, Bill Clinton between (1993-2001). Al Gore was also well known for his environmentalism and efforts in educating the public on issues pertaining to the environment. Al Gore  directed his first film,  "An Inconvenient Truth" based on his book, "An Inconvenient Truth". The film alerts the public on the topic of global warming and the urgency of the issue. His film won an Academy Award in 2007 and 2 Oscars. Al Gore also launched the GLOBE Program in 1995 on Earth Day, during his run as Vice President. The purpose of his GLOBE Program was to: provide education about the environment and ways to improve it, provide hands-on tools to learn about the environment and promote environmental activism. In 2005 he launched, "The  Climate Reality Project". This project approached the tasks of finding solutions to our current climate crisis, as well as using this platform to educate others in environmental activism and leadership. Throughout his entire career as Vice President, he advocated for actions for global warming and climate change at congressional hearings in the early 1990s. He also wrote several books throughout the years on the topic of climate change and environmental activism, such as: "An Inconvenient Truth",  "Earth in the Balance" and "Our Choice".

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Archie Carr was an American herpetologist - a zoologist who specifically studies amphibians and reptiles - who devoted his research to sea turtles.  Carr began to attend the University of Florida during the Great Depression in 1932 and went on to receive the university’s first doctorate in biology. Then, his study on sea turtles began. He research their migratory patterns and behaviors as well as methods to keep the species alive. In 1959, Carr became the founder and scientific director of the Sea Turtle Conservancy and kept this title until his death due to cancer in 1987. During his lifetime, Carr published nine books; his most significant ones are Handbook for Turtles (1952) - which won the Daniel Giraud Elliott Medal from the National Academy of Sciences, High Jungles and. Low (1953) - which won the 1955 John Burroughs Medal for exemplary nature writing, and The Windward Road (1956)- which was the inspiration for the founding of the Sea Turtle Conservancy and one the O. Henry prize for best nonfiction short story.
Thanks to Carr’s passion for saving the turtles, they continue to inhabit our oceans today.

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Prior to serving two terms as the 40th president of the United States, Ronald Reagan was an actor, politician and elected as governor of California in 1966. Very few think of Reagan as an “environmentalist”. As a matter of fact, actual environmentalists expected him to give away public lands and resources, ultimately dismantling environmental regulation. His actual record was a bit more nuanced. Despite the fact that he did not follow the command-and-control regulatory approach that was favored by his predecessor, Jimmy Carter, the approach he chose ended up protecting nature without expanding the government or hurting the economy. Many environmentalists still insist that the Reagan record will be remembered as “one of the worst of any modern Presidency”. Contrary to popular belief, his approaches worked pretty well. Under Reagan’s leadership, carbon monoxide emissions fell by roughly a quarter, new lead production was virtually eliminated and particulate pollution ended up being reduced by roughly 40 percent. Additionally, Reagan pushed for and signed the Montreal Protocol in 1987, with an intention to phase out the ozone-layer depleting, climate change-promoting chlorofluorocarbons. All in all, even though his record is not as impressive, he still put in an effort to better the environment.

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George Herbert Walker Bush, known as the 41st president of the US serving from 1989-1993, he was also a politician, diplomat, and a businessman. Some of his contributions towards the environment include adding amendments to the Clean Air Act of 1970 ( Clean Air Act Amendments of  1990). These amendments were meant to reduce acid rain by limiting sulfur dioxide emissions from coal burning plants. He supported a cap-and-trade system to reduce these sulfur dioxide emissions, which was a system to reduce pollution in the atmosphere. He also established  the US Global Change Research Program which help to look into and understand the changing Earth system and then signed into law the Global Change Research act of 1990 that mandates the National Climate Assessment come out every four years.

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Thomas Chavajay researching Gifford Pinchot 

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Thomas Chavajay researching Gifford Pinchot 

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Gifford Pinchot was an American forester and politician. He served as the 28th governor of Pennsylvania, the 4th chief of the U.S division of forestry, and as the first head of the United States Forest Service. In 1898 when Pinchot became the head of the Division of Forestry, he reformed the management and development of forests in the U.S to advocate the conservation of the nation’s reserves. During this time he contributed the most with his leadership by promoting and emphasizing controlled and profitable use of forests and other resources so they would be of maximum benefit to mankind. In 1901 when Theodore Roosevelt was elected, Pinchot and Roosevelt both convinced Congress to establish the United States Forest Service in which Pinchot became the chief. His work during this time opposed many such as ranchers and timber companies. Soon in 1907, Congress passed an act that prohibited the president and Pinchot to create more forest reserves but Pinchot continued to do so up to just minutes before he lost legal power to do so. In conclusion, Pinchot was able to triple the nation’s forest reserves, protecting their long term health for both conservation and recreational use.

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Though most notably serving two terms as the 26th President of the United States, Theodore Roosevelt was a politician, writer, and conservationist who spearheaded progressive and environmental reforms across the country. Having the power of the presidency enabled Theodore Roosevelt to enact several environmental reforms that bettered the country. He made history by setting aside more federal land for national parks and preserves than all of his predecessors combined. Additionally, he signed into law five new national parks, 51 bird reserves, and 150 national parks - including Shoshone National Forest, the nation's first - all in his eight years of presidency between 1901 to 1909. This immense amount of land being set aside for conservation is significant because he essentially made environmental conservation a national issue. An additional step he took was establishing the Panama Canal, completed in 1914. Short-term, the canal didn't do good things to the environment as a consequence of the destruction of massive amounts of land and smoke placed in the atmosphere. However, long-term, the Panama Canal is benefiting the environment by reducing the amount of greenhouse gases emitted as a result of ships having to travel a shorter distance. Finally, Theodore Roosevelt signed the "Act for the Preservation of American Antiquities" in 1906, which allowed him to classify natural landmarks as monuments and guarantee their protection by law. Through this program, he was able to protect canyons, volcanoes, and forests in addition to the thousands of acres of land he already placed under future conservation. Overall, Teddy Roosevelt worked towards fostering a country in which its environment is conserved for years to come.

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Garrett Hardin was an American ecologist best known for His essay The Tragedy of the Commons. Hardin wrote The Tragedy of the Commons in 1968, which introduced the idea that shared resources (lakes, rivers, forests) will be destroyed over time by human activity. This essay brought awareness to the problems of overpopulation, which caused a movement for population limiting practices such as birth control. Living on a Lifeboat (1974) is another essay Hardin wrote to propose a solution to overpopulation. In the book, Hardin dives unemotionally on how America should not help poor countries because it would negatively affect the American people. Because famine and disease are natural ways to limit overpopulation, Hardin argues that America (a “lifeboat country”) should not break the natural cycle of necessary suffering. This book caused great controversy, which further deepened the conversation of the ethics and solutions to overpopulation. In another book

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Anne Gorsuch Burford (Veranika Patsiomkina) 

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Anne Gorsuch Burford (Veranika Patsiomkina) 

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(April 21, 1942 – July 18, 2004)
Was an American attorney and politician. Between 1981 and 1983, she served under President Ronald Reagan as the first female Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.
But her short, tumultuous tenure was marked by sharp budget cuts, rifts with career EPA employees, a steep decline in cases filed against polluters and a scandal over the mismanagement of the Superfund cleanup program that ultimately led to her resignation in 1983.
During her 22 months as agency head, she cut the budget of the EPA by 22%, reduced the number of cases filed against polluters, relaxed Clean Air Act regulations, and facilitated the spraying of restricted-use pesticides.

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James Earl Carter was an American politician, philanthropist, and a former farmer before serving as the 39th president of the US  from 1977-1981. He was also a Georgia State Senator from 1963-1967. Due  to the fact that Carter was a farmer, he took into consideration the environment. In 1978,  the National Energy Act came into place because of carter which addressed conservation, price control, and new technology. In 1980, Jimmy Carter signed into law a bill that established Superfund, which was designed to clean up mining or factory sites from hazardous substances. Carter also boosted the EPA and made known specific environmental issues throughout his administration.