# data[].attributes.headline
Deepwater Horizon (BP) Spill- April 20, 2010

# data[].attributes.subject
Deepwater Horizon (BP) Spill- April 20, 2010

# data[].attributes.body
- This is one of the biggest industrial disasters ever recorded.
- Petroleum spilled into the Gulf of Mexico after a wellhead blowout, caused by defective cement.
- Point source
- They cleaned up by using skimmer boats & floating booms to protect the beaches and wetlands.
- Almost 5 million pounds of oily material removed from beaches.
- Dolphins and many other wildlife were killed as a result of the oil spill.
- Long term- oil could remain in the food chain for many years.

# data[].attributes.body
- The Exxon Valdez Tanker struck a reef in Alaska and spilled 10.8 million gallons of crude oil
- Causes haven't been officially determined but it is known that the workers may have been tired and not paying attention.
- Also, the Captain had been drinking leading up to the grounding of the ship.
- Point source
- 100,000 to 250,000 seabirds were killed from the oil
- They used skimmers and booms to "clean" but only 10% of the total oil was actually cleaned up.
- Long term- loss of species because the oil lasted longer than expected.

# data[].attributes.body
- US Marine Corps members & families at the base in North Carolina bathed and ingested tap water that was contaminated with harmful chemicals.
- The chemical levels were between 240 and 3400 times the safety level in the water.
- May have been caused by a nearby dry cleaner disposing of chemical waste, chemical cleaners used to clean machinery, and maybe underground fuel tank leaks.
- Non-point source
- A number of individuals later developed cancer or other ailments.
- Long term- future generations of original residents may be exposed to cancer.

# data[].attributes.body
- Workers in Silverton, Colorado caused the release of toxic wastewater into the Animas River watershed.

- They accidentally destroyed the plug holding water inside the mine, spilling 3 million gallons of mine wastewater.
- Point source
- Animas River was temporality closed
- Rivers color changed to orange for a short period of time.
- There were ongoing water supply & irrigation issues.
- Long term- unknown because sedimentation should dilute the pollutants.

# data[].attributes.body
- In Niagara Falls, numerous contaminants were dumped into a landfill including hydrogen and fly ash as well as residential garbage.
- This creates toxic vapors that people ingested.
- The dumping was from Hooker Chemical Company.
- Point source
- Birth defects were obtained for some children as a result of the toxins.
- The cleaned it by reburying most of the toxic area which took 21 years and $400 million to accomplish
- Long term- no one can really live there due to the possibility of being exposed to the vapors still.

# data[].attributes.headline
Pacific Gas & Electric Chromium Contamination- 1952-1966

# data[].attributes.subject
Pacific Gas & Electric Chromium Contamination- 1952-1966

# data[].attributes.body
- PG&E dumed about 370 milllion gallons of chromium tainted wastewater into unlined ponds in Hinckley, CA.
- The contaminated water percolated into the groundwater which resulted in groundwater pollution.
- Point source
- Obviously people became sick and confused as to why it took so long for them to be notified about the toxins.
- PG&E built a concrete wall barrier to contain the plume.
- They spent over $750 million on cleaning up the chromium.
- Long term- Chromium 6 could cause cancer from intense exposure.

# data[].attributes.body
- This river in Ohio was so polluted that it caught on fire a total of 13 times on different occasions.
- Caused by sludge & oil dumped into the river that is susceptible to igniting into a fire.
- Point source
- Largest fire in 1952 caused $1 million in damage to boats and a bridge.
- The 1969 fire helped begin water pollution control activities such as the Clean Water Act.
- Long term- pollution still exists due to runoff & other non-point sources.

# data[].attributes.body
- Two companies in Woburn were suspected of contaminating the groundwater by improperly disposing of trichloroethylene & perchloroethylene into wells.
- There were high levels of chemical contamination found in wells used by the residents.
- Point source
- Woburn remain contaminated despite a $21 million cleanup effort.
- There was a high incidence of childhood leukemia and other illnesses.
- Long term- future generations had birth defects.

# data[].attributes.headline
Elk River Chemical Spill- January 9, 2014

# data[].attributes.subject
Elk River Chemical Spill- January 9, 2014

# data[].attributes.body
- A chemical MCHM (4-Methylcyclohexanemethanol) was released from a facility into the Elk River in West Virginia.
- 10,000 gallons were leaked into the river.
- May have been caused by the tank being damaged from being frozen from the recent cold weather.
- Point source
- Resulted in 300,000 residents not having potable water.
- Since it was in a river, there was high dilution so there wasn't an environmental impact or any long term effects.

# data[].attributes.body
- Largest waterborne disease outbreak in documented US history.
- Cryptosporidium passed through the filtration system at a water treatment plant in Wisconsin.
- Point source
- 403,000 residents became ill with the stomach cramps and dehydration caused by the pathogen.
- Resulted in the plant being shut down.

# data[].attributes.headline
Coal Ash Pond Drinking Water Contamination- 2015

# data[].attributes.subject
Coal Ash Pond Drinking Water Contamination- 2015

# data[].attributes.body
- The toxic coal ash pits leaked into a city in North Carolina's water supply, which contaminated all of the drinking water.
- Point source
- People drank the water so that in turn made them sick.
- I couldn't find any info about this one.

# data[].attributes.body
- The Mississippi River dumps nitrogen and phosphorus into the Gulf of Mexico at the mouth of the river.
- This then creates a hypoxic zone (low oxygen).
- Point source
- Fish and many other animals can't live there because there isn't enough oxygen in the water to survive.
- It has yet to be cleaned up because it is still there today.

# data[].attributes.headline
Hudson River PCB Contamination- 1947-1977

# data[].attributes.subject
Hudson River PCB Contamination- 1947-1977

# data[].attributes.body
- General Electric polluted the Hudson river in New Jersey by dispensing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's).
- Point source
- It caused harmful effects to wildlife and people who ate fish from the river or drank the water.
- This event began the implementation of wastewater discharge permits.
- They cleaned up the contaminants through the process of dredging.
- Fish are still effected today through the mutations they had to adapt with.
- Long term- humans may have neurological disorders, lower IQ, and even short term memory loss.