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Conception is where the  trait-inheriting  process begins.  The father releases his sperm into the mother's ovum, and this is where fertilization occurs.  The mother and the father both contribute 23 chromosomes., totaling in 46 that are passed on to the zygote.  Around the ovum is a substance called cytoplasm, which is loaded with chemicals.  The father's sperm penetrates the outer part of the ovum, and starts the trip of a lifetime to infiltrate the nucleus, as illustrated below.

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After conception, prenatal development occurs.  This begins when the cells  from the embryo flatten and form a sheet-like shape.  This inverts and contorts to be what's called a neural tube. This tube goes through neurulation, and this is the beginning of the development of the central nervous system.  After this forms, skin begins to form in sheets, and covers the entire body of the baby.  From there the hindbrain, midbrain and forebrain are formed.

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Nerve cells are then created, which are directly related to the creation of the brain. After the 5th week of gestation, the number of a child's neurons skyrocket. From here, glial cells stretch from the neural tube to help guide neurons to where they need to go. Lastly, the hindbrain, midbrain, cerebral cortex and forebrain are formed.

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Even after a child is born, it's neurons are continuing to multiply. The growth and development of the child's brain is due to the formation of synapses, which are new formations and connections of neurons. Infants mentally take in a vast amount of information about the world around them, causing them to experience rapid growth after their postnatal time.

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When babies come into this world, they carry with them far more neurons than they could utilize.  Neural Pruning is something that occurs during emerging childhood, and usually takes about twelve years.  This is when neurons die and many of the connections that have been made synaptically cease to exist.  It is believed that this overproduction of synapses occurs because it's nature's way of ensuring the baby has all they could need to develop properly.