# data[].attributes.body
1- Compression occurs when sound waves are pushed together and collide
2-Rarefraction is where sound waves are reflected through one medium
3- Bottom
4-Pitch is the sensation of frequency of a sound wave
5-Fat Amy
6-The ultrasound machine transmits high-frequency (1 to 5 megahertz) sound pulses into your body using a probe. The sound waves travel into your body and hit a boundary between tissues (e.g. between fluid and soft tissue, soft tissue and bone).
7-The doppler effect is a change in frequency of a wave in relation to the observers distance from the source
8-Resonance is a phenomenon in which a vibrating system or external force drives another system to oscillate with greater amplitude at specific frequencies
9-A decibel is a unit used to measure the intensity of a sound by comparing it with a given level on a logarithmic scale
11 - A harmonic is a signal or wave whose frequency is an integral (whole-number) multiple of the frequency of some reference signal or wave.
12- Every part of a string vibrate together at different frequency oscillations which make the tone of the sound higher pitch.+

# data[].attributes.body
(1) Compression occurs when sound waves are pushed together and colide.
(2) Rarefraction is the point in a sound wave where the sound molecules are the furthest apart.
(3) (4) Pitch is the sensation of frequency of a sound wave.
(5) Chloe
(6) Ultrasound is a technique that uses ultrasound waves to create an image.
(7) The doppler effect is the increase in frequency of w wave as the source of the becomes closer or farther away. As an ambulance comes closer, the frequency of its siren changes, which produces the doppler effect.
(8) Resonance is the reinforcement of a sound as it bounces off of another vibrating object.
(9) A decibel is a unit used to measure the intensity of a sound by comparing it with a given level on a logarithmic scale.
(11) A harmonic is a signal or wave whose frequency is a whole number multiple of the frequency of some reference signal or wave.
(12)All parts of a string vibrate together in different frequency oscillations which result in higher pitched  tones.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
a. longitudinal wave- a wave in which the vibration is in the same direction as that in which the wave is traveling, rather than at right angles to it. The medium vibrates parallel to the direction of energy transfer.

Sound waves are longitudinal waves.

Longitudinal waves consists of compressions & rarefactions.

a. When the door is opened, a pulse of compressed air travels across the room. This pulse of compressed air is called a compression. The pulse moves across the room not the air molecules.

b. Then the door is closed, the door pushes neighboring air molecules out of the room. This produces an area of low pressure next to the door. Neighboring molecules then move into it, leaving a zone of lower pressure behind them. This zone of lower pressure is called a rarefaction. This "pulse" of low pressure moves across the room not the air molecules. When zone of low pressure reaches window, the higher pressure outside pushes the curtain into the room.

For all wave motion: it is not the medium that travels across room, but a pulse that travels.

Source of sound is a vibrating object which sends a disturbance thru medium (usually air) in form of longitudinal waves.

When a tuning fork is struck, it vibrates back and forth at its natural frequency.

natural frequency- frequency at which an elastic object once energized will vibrate, a minimum amount of Energy is needed to continue vibrating at that frequency.

The vibrating tuning fork: sets off series of periodic compressions & rarefactions (longitudinal waves). The frequency of longitudinal waves is equal to the vibrating frequency (natural frequency) of the tuning fork.

The speed of sound depends on .....1. medium .....2. temperature .....3. elasticity

medium: Sound waves need a medium (solid, liquid, gas) to travel through. Sound travels the fastest in solids (molecules closer together) and slowest in a gas (molecules farther apart). If the air has high humidity (water vapor), the sound will travel faster than in lower humidity air. . SSound can not travel in a vacuum for there is nothing to compress and expand. The object may still be vibrating, but without a medium there is no sound.
velocity of sound .....solids > liquids > air

temperature: increase temperature....increase speed of sound. Faster moving molecules in warm air bump into each other more often and therefore can transmit a pulse in less time.

increase temperature......increase velocity of sound

Elasticity: is the ability of a material to change shape in response to an applied force, and then resume its initial shape once the distorting force is removed. In elastic materials the atoms are close together and respond quickly to each others's motions, transmitting energy with little loss. Sound travels 15 times faster in steel than in air. Sound travels 4 times faster in water than in air.

The radio loudspeaker at the left is a paper cone that vibrates in rhythm with an electric signal. The sound that is produced sets up similar vibrations in the microphone, which are then displayed on the screen of an oscilloscope in the form of a transform wave (easier to quantify the amplitude (intensity), wavelength, and frequency (pitch) of the sound wave.)

The intensity of a sound is directly proportioanal to the square of the sound wave's amplitude. Sound intensity can be quantified (measured and assigned a numeric number) by an oscilloscope. Loudness is a physiological sensation that is sensed by the brain. It differs for differnt people (for no two brains are exactly the same). Loudness is subjective and Intensity is objective.

The unit for sound intensity is decibel dB

forced vibration- vibration of obj made to vibrate by another vibrating obj that is nearby

natural frequency- frequency at which an elastic object once energized will vibrate, a minimum amount of Energy is needed to continue vibrating at that frequency. An object's natural frequency depends on its elasticity and shape. The natural frequency requires least amount of energy to continue the vibration.

resonance- occurs when frequency of forced vibration matches object's natural frequency therefore greatly increases the amplitude. An object must be elastic to resonate.

When a tuning fork is struck, it sets another tuning fork into vibration. They have the same natural frequency.......resonance occurs.

The first fork is struck (not in image) & sends out a sound wave (longitudinal wave...a series of compressions & rarefactions)

a. a compression meets the fork and gives it a tiny & momentary push
b. the fork bends and then returns to initial position
c. (returns to inital position) just at the time a rarefaction arrives
d. the fork keeps moving back and overshoots in the opposite direction (bcs of rarefaction)
e. just when it returns back to its initial position, the next compression arrives to repeat the cycle

now the tuning fork bends farther because it is already moving

Since the frequency of these pushes corresponds to the natural frequency of the fork, the pushes successively increase the amplitude of vibration. This is because the pushes occur at the right time and are repeatedly in the same direction as the instantaneous motion of the fork.

Other examples of resonance:

1. when you adjust the tuner on a radio set, you are adjusting the natural frequency of the electronics in the set to match one of the many incoming signals...the set resonates to one station at a time, instead of playing all of the stations resonance occurs whenever successive impulses are applied to a vibrating object in rhythm with its natural frequency

2. the loose front end of a car that vibrates at only certain speeds
3. a crystal glass that shatters by a singer's voice
4. when troops are marching on a bridge and the marching is the same frequency as the natural frequency of a bridge, steadily the bridge will sway back and forth increasing in amplitude

interference of sound waves effects the intensity the sound waves........which corresponds to the "loudness" of sound produced.

constructive interference: increases loudness

if sit equidistant between two speakers emitting simultaneous identical sound waves of constant frequency.. then the waves are in phase and have constructive interference (compressions and rarefactions arrive in phase or in step)...so sound is louder bcs the waves add up.....increase amplitude...increase in intensity or "loudness"
destructive interference: decreases loudness
if sit to side (not equidistant from speakers) so that the paths from the speakers differ by a half-wavelength....then the waves are out of phase & have destructive interference (compressions and rarefactions arrive out of phase or out of step....compression from one speaker arrives at same time as a rarefaction of other speaker......similar to a crest and trough at same time)...so sound is softer bcs the waves cancel each other...decrease amplitude....decrease intensity or "loudness"

only decrease in loudness not complete silence for there is always some reflection of sound to fill in cancelled spots

in some gyms or auditoriums get some "dead zones" where get interference from sound from source and reflected waves off of walls....just move head to one side to get out of destructive interference pattern area

The interference of 2 sound sources of slightly different frequencies produces beats.

beats: fluctuation in loudness of combined sounds....loud...soft....loud....soft....loud...

beats: periodic variation in loudness of sound

beats- a throbbing variation in the loudness of sound caused by interference when two tones of slightly different frequencies are sounded together

the 2 sound waves have slightly different frequencies
-periodically the compressions of both will be in phase (increase in loudness)

-periodically the rarefaction of one will interfere with the compression of the other..out of phase....so (decrease in loudness)

beats occur with any kind of wave and are a practical way to compare frequencies

"The sound wave emitted by the loudspeaker spreads out in the shape of an expanding quarter sphere. By the time this wave reaches the audience, it has expanded out to a radius of about 50 feet. It has spread out over a quarter sphere surface area of 7,850 square feet or about 1.13 million square inches. Each ear of a person collects about one square inch of sound, funneling it down into the eardrum. A person in the audience of an auditorium collects about two square inches of the sound wave, that's just about 0.00017 percent of the total sound emitted by the central cluster loud speaker. This tiny fraction of sound is called the "direct sound" because it goes directly from the loud speaker to the listeners' ears. " from Acoustic Science Corporation

"Sound expands away from the loud speaker. Most of what is created is not directly heard but goes past the audience and begins reflecting around the hall. If a reflection is strong and we know where it comes from, it is called an echo. If we hear many reflections at one time from seemingly no special direction, it is called reverberation." from Acoustic Science Corporation

Left: Diffuse late reflections to raise reverberation level. Absorb late reflections to reduce reverberation level

Right: Reverberation is residual sound that has lost all sense of direction.

"The hall above is a classic example of minimalist design. It employs an elevated, central speaker position to provide fairly uniform sound levels to every seat in the audience. The room is a high volume hall, with ceilings 40 to 50 feet high over the main floor. From the viewpoint of the speaker cluster, the main floor, two sidewalls and rear wall is nearly completely absorptive when the hall is fully occupied. The only remaining surface that the speakers can see is the ceiling and it appears to be a very diffusive surface acting to scatter sound in all directions." from Acoustics Tech Corp

To the left: Classic auditorium is shaped to convert harmful late reflections into helpful early reflections and reverberation.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
a. longitudinal wave- a wave in which the vibration is in the same direction as that in which the wave is traveling, rather than at right angles to it. The medium vibrates parallel to the direction of energy transfer. Sound waves are longitudinal waves. Longitudinal waves consists of compressions & rarefactions.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Compression occurs when sound waves are pushed together and collide.
2. Rarefraction is where sound waves are reflected through one medium.
3. see pic below
4. A pitch is the frequency of sound waves. HIgh pitch has high frequency sound and low pich has low frquency.
5. Becca
6. It uses high frquecny sound waves and the echos.
7.The Doppler effect increases as the ambulence moves closer to you but then the pitch gets lower as you move away.
8. Its the rienforcement of sound by reflection or by vibration of a medium.
9.Decibel is a unit of sound measured by the value dB.
10. A frequency of a wave
11. Parts of the string vibrate together to create different sounds.

# data[].attributes.body
1) Compressions happen when the molecules of waves of sound are pushed together.

2) Rarefaction is a reduction in density, the opposite of compressions.

3) (attached)

4) The frequency of a wave is the pitch. A higher frequency wave has a higher pitch and a lower frequency wave has a lower pitch.

5) Didn’t see

6) Ultrasound is an imaging technique that uses ultrasound waves.

7) The doppler effect is the increase in frequency of a wave as the source of the wave becomes closer or further in range. As ambulances come close and then pass, the frequency of their siren sound changes, which produces the doppler effect.

8) The reinforcement or bouncing of sound by reflection from a surface or by the synchronous vibration of a neighboring object.

9) A decibel unit is for expressing the ratio between two quantities for measuring loudness. The unit is one bel.

11) Most vibrating objects have more than one resonant frequency and those used in musical instruments typically vibrate at harmonics of the fundamental. A harmonic is defined as an integer multiple of the fundamental frequency.

12) ) All the parts of the string vibrates together, up and down and higher frequency oscillations which results in higher pitched tones.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Compression is the part of a wave when the particles are pushed together. Sound is made up of compressions and rarefactions.
2. Rarefaction is the point in a sound wave where the molecules are the furthest apart.
3. AT THE BOTTOM
4. Pitch is the sensation of the frequency of a sound wave. High pitch is a high frequency sound and a low pitch is a low frequency sound.
5. Fat Amy or Ruby Rose who played Unity? or trinity?
6. An ultrasound penetrates through the upper layer of skin and the high frequency sound waves and their echos to create an image.  (Baby pics)
7. The change in pitch with the motion of the object is the doppler effect. An ambulance for example, has a higher pitch when it is approaching you than when it is moving away.
8. Resonance is the quality in a sound of being deep and oscillating with a greater amplitude.
9. A decibel is a unit used to measure the intensity of a sound or the power level of an electrical signal by comparing it with a given level on a logarithmic scale.
11. A harmonic is a signal or wave whose frequency is a whole-number multiple of the frequency of some reference signal or wave. The term can also refer to the ratio of the frequency of such a signal or wave to the frequency of the reference signal or wave.
12.

# data[].attributes.body
5.  Fat amy
6. An ultrasound works by emitting high frequency sound waves which then echos and creates an image from those echos.
7. The Doppler Effect is a change in frequency of a wave in relation to the observers distance from the source.
8. Resonance: the reinorcement of a sound as it bounces off of another object which is vibrating.
9. A decibel is a unit of sound measured in dB
10. Harmonics: a patteern of vibration made be an object or instrument which come at specific frequencies.
11. parts of the string vibrate together which creates different frequency of sounds.

# data[].attributes.body
1.Waves are made up of compressions, which occur when molecules are compact.

2.Rarefaction occurs when molecules are given extra space and allowed to expand in the sound wave.

3.

4.A pitch is the quality of a sound from the rate of vibrations producing it and it is also the degree of highness or lowness of a tone.

5.FAT AMY!!!

6.A transducer both sends the sound waves into the body and receives the echoing waves. When the transducer is pressed against the skin, it directs small pulses of inaudible, high-frequency sound waves into the body.

7. When the ambulance is approaching you the siren has a higher pitch than when it is moving away. The pitch of a sound wave tells us how often the waves encounter the listener. As the source of the sound waves comes closer, the waves bunch up close together. When it is moving away, the waves are stretched out. The amount that the waves are bunched up or stretched is what determines the pitch

8. Resonance is the reinforcement or prolongation of sound by reflection from a surface or by the synchronous vibration of a neighboring object.

9. Decibel (dB) is a unit used to measure the intensity of a sound or the power level of an electrical signal by comparing it with a given level on a logarithmic scale. A decibel is 1/10 of a Bel.

11.  All instruments produce overtones, which are frequencies other than the dominant frequency of the note. When one or more overtones is a multiple of the base (or fundamental) frequency, it's called a harmonic.

12. A harmonic series is the sequence of sounds where the frequency of each sound is an integer multiple of the fundamental, the lowest frequency.

# data[].attributes.body
1.) Compression is related to sound waves because it makes up waves in which the particles are close together.
2.) Rarefaction is the reduction of an item's density, the opposite of compression.
3.) (Attachment at bottom)
4.) Pitch is the frequency of a sound wave. A high pitch sound corresponds to a high frequency sound wave and a low pitch sound corresponds to a low frequency sound wave.
5.) Fat Amy's personality in Pitch Perfect.
6.) Ultrasound is a medical imaging technique that uses high frequency sound waves and their echoes.
7.) The Doppler Effect in relation to an ambulance works because it is the change in frequency or wavelength of a wave for an observer who is moving relative to the wave source.
8.) Resonance is a phenomenon in which a vibrating system or external force drives another system to oscillate with greater amplitude at specific frequencies.
9.) The decibel is used to measure sound level, but it is also widely used in electronics, signals and communication. Units are standards for measurement of physical quantities that need clear definitions to be useful.
11.) Most vibrating objects have more than one resonant frequency and those used in musical instruments typically vibrate at harmonics of the fundamental. A harmonic is defined as an integer multiple of the fundamental frequency.
12.) All the parts of the string vibrates together, up and down and higher frequency oscillations which results in higher pitched tones.

# data[].attributes.body
1) Compression is related to sound waves because compressions make up waves and are the moleculesthat carry the sound waves and result from being compressed.
2) Rarefaction is the opposite of a compression and is where the molecules are the farthest apart.
3) 4) Pitch is the frequency of a sound wave.
5) My favorite character from Pitch Perfect is bumper because he is very funny.
6) In medicine, an ultrasound works by utilizing sound waves to create imaging of the part of the body that is being observed. They use high frequency sound waves and echoes  to crate imaging of the body since the sound waves travel differently though different types of body tissue.
7) The Doppler effect in relation to an ambulance works since it is influenced by someones distance from the sourse of a sound and as the ambulance comes nearer to a person, the pitch and the converse can be said for when an ambulance is traveling away from a person.
8) Resonance is the prolonging of a sound through surface reflection and vibration from nearby items/objects.
9) A decibel (dB) is a unit used to measure sound intensity and electrical signal power.
11) A harmonic is a signal or wave that has a frequency of a reference signal or wave.
12) The harmonic series for a vibrating string is as follows: All the parts of the string vibrate together and up and down and have higher frequency oscillations which results in higher ptiched tones.

# data[].attributes.body
(1) Waves are made of compressions and rarefactions. Compression happens when molecules are forced or pressed together. In other words, it is the region in which the particles are closest together. When the molecules are pressed together,  they pass kinetic energy to each other.

(2) Rarefaction is the opposite of compression. It occurs when when molecules are given extra space and allowed to expand. In other words, it is the region of the wave in which particles are further apart.

(3) See below.

(4) Pitch is the sensation of frequency; a high pitch wave has high frequency, and a low pitch wave has low frequency.

(5) I've never seen Pitch Perfect, which is ironic considering I'm a vocalist and would probably like the songs and harmonies.

(6) Ultrasound, also known as ultrasonography, is a medical imaging technique that uses high frequency sound waves and their echoes. The reflected waves are picked up by the probe and relayed to the machine.

(7) The Doppler Effect is an increase (or decrease) in the frequency of sound, light, or other waves as the source and observer move toward (or away from) each other. The effect causes the sudden change in pitch noticeable in a passing siren, as well as the redshift seen by astronomers. As an ambulance approaches, the siren gets louder, and as it passes the pitch changes suddenly.

(8) Resonance is a phenomenon in which a vibrating system or external force drives another system to oscillate with greater amplitude at specific frequencies. In other words, the sound is prolonged because of surface reflection or the vibration of a nearby object.

(9) A decibel (dB) is a unit used to measure the intensity of sound or the power level of an electrical signal by comparing it with a given level on a logarithmic scale.

(10) ---

(11) Each natural frequency that an object or instrument produces has its own characteristic vibrational mode or standing wave pattern. These patterns are only created within the object or instrument at specific frequencies of vibration; these frequencies are known as harmonic frequencies, or merely harmonics.

(12) A harmonic series is the sequence of sounds—pure tones, represented by sinusoidal waves—in which the frequency of each sound is an integer multiple of the fundamental, the lowest frequency.

# data[].attributes.body
1. In a wave a compression is the regeon in which the particles are closest together.
2 Rarefaction: A region in the longitudinal wave where particles are furthest apart.
3.  4. Pitch: frequency of a wave. The degree of highness or lowness of a wave.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Compression is the process of reducing an amplitude range of audio signal by reducing the peaks and bringing up the low levels.

2. Refraction is the opposite of compression, where it is the  region in a longitudinal wave where the particles are farthest apart.

3. See photo below

4. Pitch is the frequency of a sound wave.

5. Fat Amy, the character played by Rebel Wilson.

6. Ultrasound uses high frequency sound waves and their echoes, like echolocation, and the reflected waves are then picked up by the probe and relayed to the machine.

7. The Doppler effect, is the change in wavelength and frequency caused by the movement of an observer relative to the source.

8. Resonance is when one object is vibrating at the same natural frequency of a second object that forces that second object into vibrational motion.

9. Decibel (dB) is the unit for expressing the ratio between two physical quantities, usually amounts of acoustic or electric power, or for measuring the relative loudness of sounds.

# data[].attributes.headline
Alana Balagso, Angelo Bautista, Harry Assener

# data[].attributes.subject
Alana Balagso, Angelo Bautista, Harry Assener

# data[].attributes.body
1. Without a medium there are no molecules to carry the sound waves. ... Now, the molecules to the left become compressed and the molecules to the right are rarefied.

2.  Rarefaction is diminution in the density of something, especially air or a gas.

3. Attached to the left

4.Pitch is a perceptual property of sounds that allows their ordering on a frequency-related scale, or more commonly, pitch is the quality that makes it possible to judge sounds as "higher" and "lower" in the sense associated with musical melodies.

5.Our favorite character from Pitch Perfect is Fat Amy.

6.In an ultrasound examination, a transducer both sends the sound waves into the body and receives the echoing waves. When the transducer is pressed against the skin, it directs small pulses of inaudible, high-frequency sound waves into the body.

7. The doppler effect involves an increase in sound wave frequency associated with an individual's distance to the source of the sounds. The pitch increases as an ambulance approaches an individual and decreases as it leaves.

8. Resonance is defined as the prolonging of sound via surface reflection or the vibration of a nearby object.

9. Decibels are used to measure sound intensity/electrical signal power level.

10. --

11. A harmonic is a signal/wave whose frequency is a whole-number multiple of the frequency of a reference signal/wave. For a reference signal whose frequency is f and whose wavelength of w, the second harmonic would have a frequency of 2f, the third 3f, and so on. Similarly, wavelength for the second harmonic would be w/2, the third w/3, and so on.

12. All the parts of the string vibrate together, up and down and higher frequency oscillations resulting with higher or lower pitched tones.

# data[].attributes.body
1) Waves are made up of compressions, which occur when molecules are pressed together.
2) Rarefaction is a reduction in an item's density, the opposite of compressions.
3) (attached at bottom)
4) The frequency of a wave is the pitch. A high frequency wave has a higher pitch and a low frequency wave has a lower pitch.
5) Our favorite character from pitch perfect is Beca.
6) Ultrasound is a diagnostic imaging technique that utilizes ultrasound waves.
7) The doppler effect is the increase in frequency of a [sound] wave as the source of the wave becomes closer/further away. As ambulances come close and then pass, the frequency of their siren sound changes, producing the doppler effect.
8) The reinforcement or prolongation of sound by reflection from a surface or by the synchronous vibration of a neighboring object.
9) A decible unit is for expressing the ratio between two physical quantites for measuring relative loudness of sounds. The unit is one bel.
12) A compenent frequency of an oscillation or wave.

# data[].attributes.body
(1) Compression happens when the molecules of a sound wave are forced/pressed together.
(2) Rarefaction occurs when molecules are given extra space and allowed to expand in the sound wave.
(3) Reference picture below.
(4) Pitch is the sensation of a frequency of a sound wave. It is the quality that makes it possible to judge sounds as "higher" and "lower."
(5) I didn't watch Pitch Perfect but based on the trailers, I love Fat Amy's personality.
(6) Ultrasounds use high frequency sound waves and their echoes. The sound waves travels through a person's body and the tissue reflects waves that are picked up by a probe and relayed into a machine.
(7) The Doppler effect is a change in the frequency of sound, light, or other waves as the source changes position. In terms of an ambulance, the pitch of the siren is higher was the ambulance comes closer and is lower once the ambulance passes.
(8) Resonance is the reinforcing/prolonging of sound by reflection from a surface or object.
(9) Units are standards for measurement of physical quantities. Decibels are units for expressing the ratio between two physical quantities. It is usually used to measure the relative loudness of sounds.
(10) There is no #10.
(11) A harmonic is an integer multiple of the fundamental frequency of a wave.
(12)  In the string the vibrations move up and down. The higher frequency results in higher pitch tones.

# data[].attributes.body
1. The wavelength is commonly measured as the ditance from compression to the next adjacent compression.
2. Rarefraction is the diminution in the density somethign especially air or gas.
3.at the bottom
4. Pitch is the quality of a sound governed by the rate of vibrations producing it.
5. Bumper is our favorite charcter.
6. Ultrasound work in medicine works by a transducer both sends the sound waves into the body and recieves the echoing waves. When the transducer is pressed against the skin, it directs small pulses of inaudible, high frequency sound waves into the body.
7. the doppler effect works with approaching ambulance as the ambulance passes you the pitch drops and the higher pitch sounds as the ambulance is incoming and outgoing
8. Resonance is the reinforcment or prolongation of sound by reflection from a surface or by synchronous vibration of neighboring object
9. a decibel is a unit used to measure the intensity of a sound or the power level of an electrical signal
11. a harmonic is a compnent frequency of an oscillation or wave
12. all the parts of the string vibrate together, up and down and higher frequency oscillations result in higher ptiched tones