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https://ed.ted.com/on/KFf37XzF

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Many of the books mentioned in the lesson are in the public domain and can be downloaded for free. For a more critical look, read about the political history of dystopia and its implications, or the role of nature in many dystopian scenarios. And if you're wondering how past visions of dystopia hold up today, you can track which dystopian predictions from various works have come true.

Interested in reading some dystopian novels? Take a look at this list and see if anything interests you: The Best Dystopian Novels Everyone Should Read. Why is dystopian literature so appealing to young adults? Take a look at this publication and learn more.

Want to learn more about the original dystopia? Two exquisitely preserved, high-quality editions of Thomas More's Utopia, (a 1518 Latin edition and 1556 London edition) can be found here.
Political philosopher Isaiah Berlin, near the end of his life, reflected on the horrors of the 20th century with a vision of what the 21st century will bring. Discussing the balance of often conflicting values that must be maintained in order to sustain a free society, he notes "we must weigh and measure, bargain, compromise, and prevent the crushing of one form of life by its rivals... The denial of this, the search for a single, overarching ideal because it is the one and only true one for humanity, invariably leads to coercion. And then to destruction, blood-eggs are broken, but the omelette is not in sight, there is only an infinite number of eggs, human lives, ready for the breaking. And in the end the passionate idealists forget the omelette, and just go on breaking eggs." The quote above is certainly a grim outlook on the state of the world, but Berlin does end on a more optimistic note - see here for more!
It seems that a note of optimism infuses some of the darkest moments: in his afterward to the 1961 edition of Orwells 1984, Erich Fromm wrote "The mood of hopelessness about the future of man is in marked contrast to one of the most fundamental features of Western thought: the faith in human progress and in man's capacity to crete a world of justice and peace."

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How to recognize a dystopia - Alex Gendler

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The genre of dystopia - the 'not good place'- has captured the imaginations of artists and audiences alike for centuries. But why do we bother with all this pessimism? Alex Gendler explains how dystopias act as cautionary tales - not about some particular government or technology, but the very idea that humanity can be molded into an ideal shape.

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EVAL 1: VOC TEST pour le lundi  à préparer d'après la liste quizlet

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EVAL 1: VOC TEST pour le lundi  à préparer d'après la liste quizlet

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EVAL 2: Production écrite à rendre PAR MAIL  (elyco ou lecalveprof@gmail.com) impérativement le 16/04

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EVAL 2: Production écrite à rendre PAR MAIL  (elyco ou lecalveprof@gmail.com) impérativement le 16/04

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What do social networks say about our society?

To what extent do social networks mirror our fears concerning tomorrow's world?

To what extent progress caused irreversible danger to our future?

Do you think we are doomed to disaster because of new technology?

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What do you think will happen?

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below : en dessous
average : moyenne
to fire = to lay off : licencier

1. What can you do every time you take a uber ?

2.  What can happen to drivers who have a rating under 4.6 ?

3.  Why does Uber use such a system ?

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Black Mirror is coming true in China, where your 'rating' affects your home, transport and social circle

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Black Mirror is coming true in China, where your 'rating' affects your home, transport and social circle

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In Nosedive, an episode of Black Mirror released on Netflix last year, Bryce Dallas Howard plays Lacie, a woman seeking the approval of her soon-to-be-wed childhood friend. But because this is a machination of Charlie Brooker's mind (Michael Schur and Rashida Jones wrote the script), Lacie's social standing was decided by technology and voted on by the people she interacted with.

Having a good score - above four-point-five out of five - meant that Lacie could qualify for a luxury apartment. If she lost her temper with a waiter or shop assistant, or associated with people with lower scores, her score would drop, excluding her from the more refined parts of society.

A story in Wired magazine reports on Zhima Credit, a "personal credit" rating associated with Alipay, the main form of mobile payment in China - and the power of Zhima Credit sounds eerily similar to that outlined in Nosedive.

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Black Mirror is coming true in China, where your 'rating' affects your home, transport and social circle

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In Nosedive, an episode of Black Mirror released on Netflix last year, Bryce Dallas Howard plays Lacie, a woman seeking the approval of her soon-to-be-wed childhood friend. But because this is a machination of Charlie Brooker's mind (Michael Schur and Rashida Jones wrote the script), Lacie's social standing was decided by technology and voted on by the people she interacted with.

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What's your citizen 'trust score'? China moves to rate its 1.3 billion citizens

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What's your citizen 'trust score'? China moves to rate its 1.3 billion citizens

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Take George Orwell's 1984. Now sprinkle in that episode of "Black Mirror" where characters live in a world in which every aspect of their lives is dominated by ratings.

That's one way to think about the Social Credit System, a plan that the Chinese government will make mandatory for all its citizens by 2020.

It's like a credit score system, but instead of just financial information, this one will also pull together a person's political leanings, purchase history and even their social interactions to calculate their "trust score."

Chinese officials say it's a way to influence their citizens' behavior to benefit society and move their country forward, but others think it's just the latest step in the country's long history of state surveillance.

Rachel Botsman has written about China's Social Credit System in her book Who Can You Trust? How Technology Brought Us Together and Why It Might Drive Us Apart.

The World spoke to her about what the plan could look like in 2020.
How a person's rating could be calculated:
"The Social Credit System - I guess we would probably call it, like, a "National Trust Score" - will look at different dimensions of a person's life. So things that you might expect, like whether you pay your bills on time or your mortgage. But also your purchasing patterns, things that you say on social media and whether those things conforms with the government. Where it gets, I think, very 1984, is it will look at the patterns and the behaviors of your friends and your social connections as well."
The kind of behavior that could bring a person's score down:
"Well I think there's behavior that you'd expect - if you make a fraudulent payment or something like that - but then there are things that are more subtle. For example, if you buy work shoes or (diapers), you could be seen as a responsible citizen and your score might go up. But if you're buying lots of video games your score will maybe go down, because people would think that you're lazy. If you happen to post something on Tiananmen Square, that's likely to negatively impact your score. This goes beyond the way we think about traditional credit scores, and really gets into your character and behaviors in a way that is quite frightening."
Potential perks of having a high "trust score"; the consequences of a low one:
"The benefits are really interesting, everything from being fast-tracked to visas, to getting discounts on hotels, or car rentals, or insurance policies. The part that worries me is in fact the penalties, because if your trust score goes below a certain level, it could impact everything from where your children go to school, to what jobs you can apply for, and the type of mortgage that you can get. Your transgressions, they will follow you forever - it is really a permanent record of your so-called trustworthiness. So your behavior could impact your children or your grandchildren for decades to come. There seems to be no limits, there seems to be no boundaries, as to how far this can go."
Chinese government's reasons for implementing the Social Credit Score in 2020:
"The government's justification is both economic and social. So the reason why they're saying they need this is because just doing business in China can be hard. You know, when I interviewed people from China on this, they don't necessarily see this as a bad thing, because many people in China do not have traditional credit scores, those sort of traditional gold standards of trust. And it's also so culturally embedded in the way that they live. So they'll say in their grandparents' generation, (people) knew that the Communist Party had a file on them, but they had no idea what was in that file. This is actually the same system. Digitized, but it's more transparent.
The big picture:
This particular chapter, it was one of the hardest pieces of the book to get right, because it's really easy to take a Western lens. It's really easy to point our finger at China without stopping and actually saying, "well how far is this culture of surveillance from the West?" It sounds like completely nightmarish territory that the West would never descend into, in terms of using these trust algorithms that are unfairly reductive about people. But then when you really look into the amount of data that companies are collecting, and how they're using that data to get a complete picture of how we behave, where we are at any given time, what our political views are - we're not that far off. It's just the government doesn't own that data. And this is another point you hear from Chinese people - that it isn't so far off in the West, it's just that you have no control, because it's a black box system. There's a part of me that accepts that this notion of privacy is dead. And this idea that we're in control of the data that we post online and where that goes - I just think that's an ignorant position to take.

You can read an excerpt from Rachel Botsman's book here.
MORE FROM GLOBALPOST AND PRI: In Istanbul, outrage over Zara not paying garment workers A trove of leaked documents reveal how the wealthy stash their cash overseas Syrian doctors forced to use Facebook Live, expired drugs and old gloves This article originally appeared on PRI.org and GlobalPost. Its content was created separately from USA TODAY.

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What's your citizen 'trust score'? China moves to rate its 1.3 billion citizens

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Take George Orwell's 1984. Now sprinkle in that episode of "Black Mirror" where characters live in a world in which every aspect of their lives is dominated by ratings. That's one way to think about the Social Credit System, a plan that the Chinese government will make mandatory for all its citizens by 2020.

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This article is a recap of Netflix's Black Mirror episode "Nosedive." There are spoilers and discussion regarding the episode's plot.
"Nosedive" would have you believe that it's about what it might look like if Pinterest, Instagram, and Gwyneth Paltrow's lifestyle site Goop took over the world. Phones firmly in hand, everyone rates the interactions they have with one another and the photos they post on their profiles - no matter how banal - on a scale from one to five stars.

Every rating affects a person's overall standing. The higher your rating, the more perks you get; the lower your rating, the harder you have to work to keep yourself afloat.

And holy shit does Lacie ( Bryce Dallas Howard) work for her stars. She practices her determined, manic grin in the mirror, then plasters it on before marching into her version of battle: being as pleasant to everyone as possible in exchange for precious points.

But Lacie's plateaued around a 4.2, and with some hard work and skillful sucking up to "high-quality people," she just knows she could tip herself into the 4.5 "premium user" range that comes with perks, discounts, and, maybe most importantly, prestige.

So when Lacie's childhood friend Naomi ( Alice Eve) - a premium user with a sterling 4.8 rating - asks her to be the maid of honor at her wedding, Lacie sees it as an opportunity to give a speech in front of a entirely premium crowd - which, if it goes well, would boost her rating to that coveted 4.5.

As directed by Joe Wright - the man behind the sweeping romances Pride and Prejudice and Atonement - this world is drenched in pastels, its edges smoothed, a smile fixed on its face.

If you think too hard beyond the basic mechanics of the world "Nosedive" presents, it makes less and less sense, even if it is glancingly clever and even funny (a given, since the script was written by Parks and Recreation's Mike Schur and Rashida Jones). But when it gets into the emotions this aggressively agreeable world suppresses, it can be fantastic.

So okay, this world doesn't make much sense (3 out of 5 stars)

Black Mirroris generally thought of as being an uncanny thermometer for how the modern world is evolving in regards to technology and pointing out just how absurd our lives can be. On that front, "Nosedive" is ... fine.

Schur and Jones's commentary on the way we construct our lives online and how superficial it all can be is surface-level stuff. Lacie takes a picture of her latte art and posts it with a glowing review before sipping it and realizing that it's actually terrible. Everyone at Naomi's wedding is pristine, their noses wrinkling delicately when Lacie crashes through and destroys the delicate ambience Naomi curated.

Whereas "Shut Up and Dance" - a weaker chapter than this one, though my colleague Todd VanDerWerff disagrees - at least scared me enough to make sure my webcam was covered, "Nosedive" barely made me think twice about the way I interact with people online. Within an hour I was back to constructing the perfect Instagram story, starring some gently falling autumn leaves (while I frantically mopped spilled coffee from my new dress offscreen).

What stuck with me far beyond the facts of this alternate reality was exactly how Lacie finds herself screaming in pure fury by the end of the episode, broken and tired and, despite everything, relieved.

The unlikely star of "Nosedive" is anger

A good third of this episode is entirely devoted to Lacie's quest for a higher rating, which gets repetitive even as Howard gives it everything - everything - she's got. When Lacie gets a win, her forced shrieks of joy to assure the other person that they made the right choice rating her 5 stars out of 5 made my jaw instinctively clench. Howard's Lacie is so chipper it's startling even to the people who live in this reality, which is upbeat practically by mandate.

Slowly, eventually, "Nosedive" starts to chip away at Lacie's story.

In her determination to nail her maid of honor speech and get the points she's sure she deserves, Lacie starts to let everything else go by the wayside. She stops pretending to care about anyone who can't help her rack up points, from the desperate 3.1 at work to her own lazy brother and, finally, the airport employee who informs her that all flights to Naomi's city have been canceled.

And here 's where things get interesting.

In her shock and frustration, Lacie's practiced manners shatter to pieces. She erupts in bursts of anger she almost can't control. "Fuck!" she screams, desperate. "Can't you just fucking help me?! "

Not only can the employee not help her, but she gets security involved. Lacie is immediately docked a full point and punished with "double damage" for 24 hours to keep her on her best behavior.

Thankfully for the episode, Lacie does not comply. Furious and scared, she charges her way toward Naomi's wedding any way she can. She settles for a shitty rental car she'd never get if she were still a 4.2; she hitchhikes when it breaks down. With every setback, that smile she practiced so diligently in the mirror falls apart, and both the episode and Howard become so much more compelling.

In the episode's best scene, Lacie, out of options, ends up getting a ride from a truck driver with a dismal 1.4 rating. Played with perfect "who gives a shit?" disdain by Cherry Jones, the trucker shares the story of how she, too, was obsessed with her rating, until her husband got terminal cancer and all the stars in the world couldn't cure it.

"So I figured," she tells Lacie with a grin, "fuck it."

After telling Lacie how amazing it felt to let loose - "like taking off tight shoes" - she tells Lacie she should try it sometime. Though Lacie insists that she couldn't, oh, she mustn't, Howard's eyes nonetheless light up with the hint of a spark.

So by the episode's final scene, it's not exactly surprising that Lacie ends up engulfed in righteous flames - but it is spectacular.

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Black Mirror's "Nosedive" is a social media nightmare dressed like a pastel daydream

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This article is a recap of Netflix's Black Mirror episode "Nosedive." There are spoilers and discussion regarding the episode's plot. "Nosedive" would have you believe that it's about what it might look like if Pinterest, Instagram, and Gwyneth Paltrow's lifestyle site Goop took over the world.