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VIST stands for:
Variation- different types of traits to choose from
Inheritance- what ends up being passed on to offspring by parents
Selection- traits that females like more on males are the ones that get passed on over time
Time- over a period of time to let the same trait to be passed on to the rest of the population causing it to be passed on generations along

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Variation in traits in different species that have the same common ancestor. A characteristic that is adapted to their environment that helps the organism survive. Same characteristic that changes based on the environment. The trait is passed down because it is the most desirable and the only trait that survived long enough to be passed down.

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In most populations they are polymorphic meaning that most of the population has the same type of characteristic, which is the wild type. Any other characteristic other than the wild type is a mutant allele. For example organisms can be albino (lack of pigment) or melanistic (too much pigment).

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Movement of one individual from a different population to another taking their genetic material and adding variation in traits into the population they moved into.

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Divergent, Parallel and Congruent Evolution 

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Divergent, Parallel and Congruent Evolution 

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Divergent Evolution is when groups that have a common ancestor evolve differences that create them into two separate species.
Parallel Evolution is when two different species that have a common ancestor and they evolve similar traits but independently due to similar environments.
Convergent Evolution is when two very different species evolve similar traits.

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Sexual Selection is a type of natural selection but instead of it being influenced by the environment it is influenced by male competition and female choice.

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In a population the ones that get to pass down their genetic material aren't always the healthiest or the better ones out of the group, they're the luckiest. This happens due to genetic drift, which is occurrences that happen to a certain a population and they lose members from their community.

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Organs or skeletal elements that are just structured the same in multiple in organisms, the structure doesn't even need to have the same function as one another. This shows that the organisms have a common ancestor.

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Vestigial Organs are organs that were once used in the past but that are not functional any longer. Vestigial organs are just there, they don't benefit or harm the organism.

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Organisms that have the same or similar embryological development stages even though they are two different species. By this scientists can prove and find out which organisms share a common ancestor.

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The process of DNA, RNA & proteins changing it's composition throughout generations. Important and related to adaptive and genome changes.

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There are four major groups of hominids.

Homo group- used tools first members to expand out of Africa

Australopithecus group- walked upright but still are climbing trees

Paranthropus group- large teeth and powerful jaws allowed them to eat a variety of food

Ardipithecus group- evolved on Africa primates took the first step in walking up ward

Rudolfensis has larger brain case, longer face, and lager molar and premolar teeth.
Erectus some of the first humans, longest living spices, and would a care for the old and weak
Floresiensis had a brain size of 1/3 compared to ours, were super small in size due to scarcity of resources
Heidelbergensis migrated to Europe and were the first species to build shelters and hunt big game animals with wooden spears
Neanderthals were built to conserve heat and had short limbs due to this, they had a huge nose to work as a humidifier due to the air in there environment, also they were the first species to wear clothing, create a language, bury the dead, and to show symbolic behavior.
Sapiens solo surviving species out of the entire hominid family.

All the different species had things that were very different from each other but also things that are very similar. For example all the species had a similar body figure and same face features. Then you have the difference like how each species had a different size in brain and there was even a difference between height. Also half of the species started to show human nature and as each new species got more complex the more these behaviors would show. Three species started to show human ideas for example the Erectus started to care for there old and weaker members. Then you have the Heidelbergensis species which stared to build shelters for their people and hunting big game with weapons. The neanderthals showed the most human ways out of all the other species. They created their own language, started to wear clothing, and bury the dead.