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On December 25, 1991, the USSR voted to disband as a country. Mikhail Gorbachev resigned as President of the Soviet Union and Boris Yeltsin became President of Russia. -Lauren Keegan

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On November 18th, 1981 Reagan announces the plan to spend $180 billion on arms spending over next 6 years.

- Jenna Bailey Week 7

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On January 29th, 1988 agrees to remove military personnel from Angola.

- Jenna Bailey Week 7

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US Congress approves $41 million in aid for Nicaragua's Contra rebels

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Yuri Andropov becomes leader of USSR Nov 1982

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Yuri Andropov becomes leader of USSR Nov 1982

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After Leonid Brezhnev died after nearly 20 years of leading the USSR Yuri Andropov would become the leader but this would not last long as he would die in February of 1984 and would  be replaced with Konstantin Chernenko-Geoff Dinnan

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By 1985 the economy of the Soviet Union was in turmoil.  The Soviet's supplied less than 3 percent of western Europe's natural gas.  They were also fighting a war in Afghanistan that was costing them a great deal in money and moral.

Jared Buckland

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Workers at the Lenin shipyard in Gdansk went on strike. They demanded an increase in pay and working conditions.

-Chris Mohnk

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Soviet Air force shot down a Civilian Korean Air-liner. The Soviets thought it was a US spy plane. 61 Americans were killed, including a US congressman.

-Chris Mohnk

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Chloe Mclearn: At the beginning of his presidency President Bush announced that the Cold war is not over. He announced this after Gorbachev announced that it was, which left him disappointed in Bush's strategic pause.

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In November of 1982 the age of Brezhnev ends when the General Secretary passes. Two more general secretaries will pass from this time until 1985 when the last Soviet General Secretary is put into office

Mikhail Gorbachev. - Drew Jenkins

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Reagan announces the Strategic Defense Initiative which would later become known as star wars. The idea was to make nuclear missiles or missiles of any kind obsolete, thus ending the arms race between the Soviet Union and the US. Although it never reached its full potential the idea of turning the weapons of mass destruction into useless objects was something new, instead of feeding into the arms race more Reagan wanted to eliminate the lust of it and instead find a different way to 'beat' the Soviets.
-Julia Mielke

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October 1986-Reykjavik Summit between Reagan and Gorbachev-

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October 1986-Reykjavik Summit between Reagan and Gorbachev-

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marked an amazing turn around in the arms race. Gorbachev offered agreement to “remove all Superpower intermediate-range nuclear weapons from Europe… also proposed a 50% cut in intercontinental missiles” Reagan “purposed a deal to eliminate all ballistic missiles within ten years…Gorbachev also suggested eliminating all nuclear weapons within a decade”. (Westad, 540).—Carla Bornheimer

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The Cuban- US relationship was in a free fall, Eisenhower wanted to get rid of Castro and ordered the CIA's agents to attempt to curtail his powers in Cuba
-Dominique Shaw

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Poland
Poland offers a sanctuary to anti-communist in East Germany

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End of the Cold War
Madison Eves

The governments of the United States and the Soviet Union announce the end of the Cold War.

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Gandhi & Gorbachev signed the Delhi Declaration, showing (in Westad's words) "more Indian influence than Soviet", and had the following four points:
1. in the nuclear age, mankind must develop a new political thinking and a new concept of the world that provides sound guarantees for the survival of mankind;
2. the world we have inherited belongs to present and future generations alike - hence we must give priority to universal human values;
3. human life must be acknowledged [as] the supreme value; and,
4. non-violence must become the basis of human co-existance
(Megan Koch)

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November 9, 1989 Falling of the Berlin Wall

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November 9, 1989 Falling of the Berlin Wall

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Dillon Decker- Signaled the reunification of East and West Germany and the end of the Cold War.

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in the 1980s these Rights talks were a set of discussions among the people talking about the basic human rights of people that grew based on the treatment of people as ideological divides started to appear.
module 7 Logan Gray

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in the 1980s the concept of the little tigers started to build which were the Asian countries that started to build up economically in such as south Korea Singapore
Module 7 Logan Gray

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September 1983: Korean Airline flight shot down

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September 1983: Korean Airline flight shot down

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The Soviet Union's air force shot down a Korean Airline flight thinking it was an American spy plane flying in Soviet airspace. As a result,  all 269 people were killed.-Harlee Budnick

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Prime Minister Indira Gandhi is assassinated by two of her own bodyguards
-Heather Pappas

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1977-Introduction of High radiation nuclear weapons

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1977-Introduction of High radiation nuclear weapons

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The Carter administration  introduced high radiation nuclear weapons for battlefield use in Europe. Most Western European leaders went along with it.
Hannah Roesner

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In late 1991 the Soviet Union dissolved into its component republics.

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In late 1991 the Soviet Union dissolved into its component republics.

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Gorbachev resigned and declared his office extinct. The USSR flag was lowered and replaced with the Revolutionary Russian flag.
Robert Dutcher

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January, 20 1981 Ronald Reagan becomes President.

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January, 20 1981 Ronald Reagan becomes President.

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The election of Ronald Reagan was the beginning of a new era in the Cold War.  His strong talk against the Soviet Union as evil that needs to be delt with helped to force the end of the Cold War.
Robert Dutcher

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In January of 1990, the Slovenian and Croatian Communist parties broke away from the Communist Party of Yugoslavia. In April, free elections led to non-communist majorities. Eventually this led to the Yugoslav wars.

Rachel Lewis

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Erich Honecker is voted out of office in East Germany by his own political party. Egon Krenz is voted in to office to take his place on October 24, 1989. Krenz only assumes office for 46 days as he accidentally orders the Berlin Wall to come down and East and West Germany are united once again.
Kayla Ratajczak

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Tiananmen Square:
Anti Communist protests in Tiananmen Square, Beijing, China were crushed by the government. The death count is unknown.
Autumn Sink

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1978-79 Deng Xiaoping becomes the leading political figure in China

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1978-79 Deng Xiaoping becomes the leading political figure in China

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Following the death of Mao, Deng Xiaoping, a former target of the cultural revolution, managed to maneuver his way to the top of the CCP. From this vantage point, Deng reoriented the Chinese economy to allow for more liberal elements and fewer financial controls from the top down. As a result, and also as a result of improved international relations. China began to rapidly expand its export economy. This was the beginning of China as the world economic power that can be seen today. - Brett Stebelton

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Elissa Lovell: “Whoever work with the Americans will gain, while those who try to oppose them will fail" (qtd. in Westad 555). Deng Xiaoping said this on his flight to America in 1979. This idea would help guide his economic policies that would grow China's economy while building stronger relations with the US. These changes helped end some of the Cold War tension between the two.

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October 3rd 1990
East and West Germany were reunited as one country.
Jordan Pyle

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August 1980 the workers at the Lenin Shipyard in Gdansk went on strike.  Led by Lech Walesa, the workers demanded improved pay and working conditions.  This strike grew to other factories expanding demands to include free trade unions, freedom of expression, and the release of political prisoners. Desperate to get the working class to cooperate in increasing production , Polish Communists gave in to the demands.
Jennifer Stefaniak (WK7)

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1970's- Polish workers' protest. Sabrina Mirabile

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1970's- Polish workers' protest. Sabrina Mirabile

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Polish workers began protesting their small wages and terrible working conditions in a communist Poland. Because of Ostpolitik, they realized that other people had it better in other countries and wanted to be like them, so they fought for their rights.

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Reactor number four at Chernobyl nuclear power plant explodes sending massive amounts of highly radioactive fallout into the atmosphere.
Tamara Mankel

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Dec 2nd, 1989 - The Cold War is announced over.

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Dec 2nd, 1989 - The Cold War is announced over.

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The governments of the United States and the Soviet Union announce the end of the Cold War. The global power struggle that has lasted for decades begins to come to a close, marking the beginning of a new age for the world and its nations.

Jamison Greschaw

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Nov 9th, 1989 - East Germany opens up its borders.

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Nov 9th, 1989 - East Germany opens up its borders.

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The new government in East Germany announces the opening of its border with West Germany. This marks the beginning of the reunification of Germany that has lasted over 40 years and the weakening of the Soviet’s influence in the country.

Jamison Greschaw

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During this year Chinese forces entered Tibet and started to take over. the Prime minister of India Nehru advised the Tibetan people to try and find a peaceful solution to end this conflict, while also sending some military aid to assist. But this did not lead to much as China had taken control by the end of the year.
Module 6, Logan Gray

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During this year, Chinese forces entered Tibet forcibly, Prime minster of India Nehru advised the Tibetans try and peacefully , while also giving some aid. This did not help much and by the end of the year Tibet was mostly controlled by the Chinese military.
module 6 Logan Gray

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The president of South Vietnam Nguyen Van Theiu resigns from power. Theiu believed the United States left them to complete a job that was impossible to succeed in.

Jared Buckland

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On August 15, 1871, President Nixon announced his New Economic Policy, which eventually led to the collapse of the system of fixed currency exchange rates in 1973. -Lauren Keegan

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Elissa: In August of 1974, Nixon resigned due to the Watergate scandal. This brought about the beginning of the end of detente. Although President Ford attempted to continue communication with the Soviet Union and China, the American people began to distrust the government. They later elected Reagan, who was much tougher towards the Soviet Union.

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Chloe Mclearn: Many people did not agree with his new policy, including the Soviets. Many Americans at home were nervous about the policy and the Soviets taking advantage of the United States weaknesses.

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the accidental wall was the main breakthrough, with the wall being down it transformed relations between east and west Germany transformed. people on both sides began to see the future differently, almost everyone celebrated the opportunities

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reactor number four at the chernobyl nuclear power plant exploded, sending massive amounts of highly radioactive fallout into the atmosphere

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The Bangladesh war was the biggest crisis in South Asia since dependence, it gave Indira Gandhi the chance to prove that she was in deed no saint.

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On May 15th, 1988 the Soviets began to withdraw from Afghanistan.

-Jenna Bailey Week 6

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December 1987- Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces Treaty

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December 1987- Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces Treaty

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December 8th,1987- The Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces Treaty is signed in Washington, D.C. by U.S. President Ronald Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev. Some believe this was basically the end of the cold war.

-Jenna Bailey Week 6

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In 1973, the United States withdrew their service personal from South Vietnam, in accordance to an Agreement that would leave South Vietnam free to rule herself - by 1975 she would fall to Northern Vietnam's invasion - turning communist. -Marc Bender

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Carter and Brezhnev meet to discuss and create SALT II. This treaty aimed to end the arms race between the two nations, again. The signing of a second SALT gives the impression that working along with the communists to try and ease the tensions instead of against them was more difficult than Nixon and Carter had anticipated. The struggle between wishing to end the Cold War and wanting their country to be prepared in the case their enemy attacks was still very prevalent.
-Julia Mielke

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Jimmy Carter gives a speech at Notre Dame University to inform Americans that there will be a new approach towards communism.
-Chris Mohnk

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Confrontation between India and Pakistan commenced over the land of Kashmir.
- Chris Mohnk

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Dillon Decker- Western German policy, " a careful building of trust among governments in the east and west of Europe, which would enable disarmament, increased trade, travel, and cultural contacts, and, eventually, German reunification and the full removal of Europe's Cold War divides." (385)

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Mao decides to have a direct talk with Nixon, this would lead to future talks that would lead to peace. Starting with a talk between Mao and Nixons security adviser Henry Kissenger.
Module 6, Logan Gray

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This conflict began on March 25 1971 and was fought between India and Pakistan, during which India fought for the establishment of an independent Bangladesh from Pakistan. Showing that India was major figure in decolonization during the Cold War - Drew Jenkins

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"Milk, Meat and Higher Wages" was the slogan of workers who rebelled against Stalinist methods of coercion. Soviets authorities realized demanding to much of workers would result in more outbreaks.

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Gorbachev resigned:
Mikhail Gorbachev resigned. The hammer and sickle flag on the Kremlin was lowered
Autumn Sink

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Period between September 1970 and July 1971
Terror operations by Yasir Arafat, the leader of the PLO and other communist Palestinian groups hijacked several western planes including one in 1969 pushing King Hussein into sending forces into Jordan to drive the Palestinians out. This was a “landmark in the Middle Eastern Cold War, Arab unity had been broken” (Westad, 462). – Carla Bornheimer

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Going against the Paris agreement North Vietnam attacks and defeats South Vietnam. The North had heavy support from USSR but the South had no help from US.
Robert Dutcher

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Israel sensing a combined Arab action their Air Force destroyed the Egyptian forces that had formed at the boarder. The Army than conquered the Sinai Peninsula. They than shelled Jordan and conquered East Jerusalem. Finally they attacked Syria taking the Golan Heights.
Robert Dutcher

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In August 1964, Johnson used inaccurate reports of North Vietnamese vessels firing on a US naval ship in international waters as an excuse to get congressional authority for widening the war. The so called Gulf of Tonkin resolution authorizes the president “to take necessary measures to repel any armed attacked against the forces of the United States and to prevent further aggression.

Casey Nelligan

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By the 1970s, Socialism had become the new normal in the Soviet Union and there was little opposition from its' citizens.
Hannah Roesner

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In 1966, after Shastri's death of a heart attack, Indira Gandhi, daughter of Nehru, took over the role of prime minister, and ended up being a much tougher and more strict leader than her predecessors. (Megan Koch)

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1956: The Second Five Year Plan is in place

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1956: The Second Five Year Plan is in place

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The goals of this was to increase production, employment, and more progressive progress in the Indian economy. The Second Five Year Plan not only looked to strengthen ties in South Asia, but also Indian and Soviet relations as well. -Harlee Budnick

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Madison Eves
September 1947

The USSR set up Cominform (Communist Information Bureau) which was the Information Bureau of the Communist and Workers’ Parties responsible for the creation of the Eastern bloc.

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Madison Eves

July 17th- August 2nd 1945

The Potsdam Conference formally divided Germany and Austria into four zones. It was also agreed that the German capital Berlin would be divided into four zones. The Russian Polish border was determined and Korea was to be divided into Soviet and American zones

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Nixon meets Brezhnev in Moscow to sign the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT) this agreement limited the number of antiballistic missles the US and USSR could have as well as prevent the production of any more intercontinental ballistic missiles.
-Geoff Dinnan

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Qasim is overthrown and murdered in Iraq
Tamara Mankel

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Sabrina Mirabile-
A time of economical growth in Europe post WWII. Countries were becoming less agricultural and more industrial after the war and continued to grow drastically during the 1960's. The West German economy was growing 5.5% each year in the 60's, France 7%, and and Italy 8%.

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October 6, 1973 The Egyptian and Syrian armies attack Israel across the cease fire lines.  The Israeli army was pushed back both in Sinai and on the Golan Heights, with substantial losses.
Jennifer Stefaniak (Wk 6)

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August 15th 1973-
The Paris Peace Accords ended American involvement in Vietnam

Jordan Pyle

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Three countries in the Middle East went to war with one another. These countries were Israel, Syria, and Egypt. The war was over Palestinian land that Israel had won and Egypt and Syria were looking to regain. The United States backed Israel and the Soviet Union backed the Arab countries. The war ended in a stalemate and Arab countries placed an oil embargo on many countries including the United States.
Kayla Ratajczak

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In 1974, the Angolan Civil War broke out among the groups of the National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA), a nativist group supported by Zaire's president, and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), supported by the Ovimbundu tribe. The Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), led by
Marxist intellectuals, got involved and the governments in Zaire and South Africa sent troops to fight against them, not wanting a Communist-led country on their borders.

Rachel Lewis

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India launches military operations to Eastern Pakistan against President Khan's Pakistani officers for the poor treatment of the people in the Eastern half of the country.

-Heather Klein (wk 6)

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September 12th, 1989 -  New non-communist government takes power in Poland.

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September 12th, 1989 -  New non-communist government takes power in Poland.

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The first noncommunist government in Eastern Europe since WWII is formed in Poland. This marks the beginning of the Soviet Union’s decrease in power and influence in Europe.

Jamison Greschaw

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November 4th, 1980 - Ronald Reagan becomes President of the USA.

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November 4th, 1980 - Ronald Reagan becomes President of the USA.

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Ronald Reagan defeats Jimmy Carter in a presidential election. The man who would lead the US on a new path that would beat the Soviet Union in an economic and arms race becomes President.

Jamison Greschaw

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June 1965 the president of Algeria Ben Bella was ousted in a coup as the people saw his as unfit to lead as he did no really do anything that he said he would do.
Logan Gray module 5

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Fidel Castro comes to america and talks about deals he wants to make with the US and how he views it as a ally. HE would way anything that he was pointing out was to show a mistake.
Logan Gray module 5

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John F. Kennedy orders an end to all trade with Cuba on February 7th, 1962.

-Jenna Bailey Week 5

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On November 8th,1962 John F. Kennedy announces that the Cuban Missile Crisis is over.

-Jenna Bailey Week 5

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1968 Lyndon Johnson does not seek re-election:

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1968 Lyndon Johnson does not seek re-election:

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The war in Vietnam destroyed the presidency of Lyndon Johnson. The foreign war fought out of ignorance and Cold War aspersions ruined Johnson’s possible chance for a re-election.
Jared Buckland

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The U.S set out on a to invade Cuba and it failmission ed due to the U.S not providing necessary support.  This was a big deal during this time period and I learned a lot writing and thinking abut this topic.
Jake-

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The association of southeast Asian nations was set up back in 1967 to aim at ensuring their stability and security from external interference in any form or manifestation in order to preserve their national identity

- Dominique Shaw

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Mexico declared war on the Axis Powers in May of 1942; Mexico was the United State's primary preoccupation regarding security, and it stood out as a place where enemy agents could operate because of it's large immigrant population, and mainly because of it's 2000 mile border with the United States. (Megan Koch)

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The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty gets signed. It was a treaty to stop the proliferation of nuclear weapons.  Although it didn't stop the proliferation  it did set a precedent for international cooperation.
Robert Dutcher

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February 1955 United States begins sending advisers to Vietnam. 

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February 1955 United States begins sending advisers to Vietnam. 

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After the Geneva Accords President Eisenhower promises Diem that the US is committed to keeping South Vietnam non-communist. February 1955 the first adviser is sent to help train the military, the beginning stages of the Vietnam War.
Robert Dutcher

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March 20th, 1968
Madison Eves
Warsaw Pact forces entered Czechoslovakia in a bid to stop the reforms known as ‘Prague Spring’ instigated by Alexander Dubcek. When he refused to halt his programme of reforms Dubcek was arrested.

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February 15th 1989

Madison Eves
More than eight years after they intervened in Afghanistan to support their procommunist government, they began to withdraw. It marked the end of a long and bloody soviet occupation of Afghanistan.

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The pentagon papers which were released under Nixon uncovered all the lies that presidents had told the American people about their plans for Vietnam. This is significant because it shows a shift of faith that the American people once had in their leaders and for some the war in Vietnam. Confusion as to what or who to believe only added to the fears and tensions boiling in America.
-Julia Mielke

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On April 17, 1961 JFK ordered the Bay of Pigs invasion in which over 1,000 were left without U.S. air support. As a result, many were captured and killed by Fidel Castro's forces. -Lauren Keegan

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November 17th – December 29th 1989 | Velvet Revolution
The Velvet Revolution, also known as the Gentle Revolution, was a series of peaceful protests in Czechoslovakia that led to the overthrow of the Communist government.
-Autumn Sink

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Brazil experiments with democracy and their president, Juscelino Kubitschek, strengthened their economy and attacked social inequality.
-Chris Mohnk

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Under British protection in 1950s a communist uprising  was defeated after it was decided that Malayan independence was the best way to fight the communist who wanted to get Malaysia from British control.
-Geoff Dinnan

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After the invasion of Cuba, the U.S. began to spread their influence throughout Latin countries.
-Chris Mohnk

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In June 1954 the US CIA backed a coup Detat of the democratically elected president of Guatemala Jacobo Arbenz. - Drew Jenkins

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Leftist Salvador Allende was overthrown in a coup by armed forces and national police.

-Heather Pappas/Klein (Wk 5)

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Chloe Mclearn: Martian Luther King Jr. makes his speech about the issues of the war in Vietnam. He expresses the deep concern for the issues happening abroad and how the American people and Government are not pay attention to the real issues at home. He says that people need to start a revolution of values and to start building democracy at home to fight communism.

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Che Guevara had come to be seen in the Western World and Socialist World alike as a symbol of resistance to authority, self sacrifice for the greater good, and the international vanguard socialist movement. His death, was significant because it showed the unlikely hood of success for exported socialist revolutions, as well as it was a significant boost for traditionalist morale throughout Latin America and beyond.

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Kayla Ratajczak
On June 3rd, 1961, JFK and Khrushchev meet in Vienna to have a two day summit. This summit did not go well according to JFK as the two clashed over their stance on Berlin.

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March 1964--The Johnson Administration Supports Coup in Brazil

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March 1964--The Johnson Administration Supports Coup in Brazil

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Elissa Lovell: After 3 years in office, President João Goulart of Brazil faced opposition from Right leaders withing the country due to communist sympathies. The military coup that followed was encouraged and supported by the Johnson administration, one of many US interventions in South America.

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January 2, 1959-Castro's reign in Cuba begins

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January 2, 1959-Castro's reign in Cuba begins

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Fidel Castro and his revolutionaries took over Havana, the capital of Cuba after Batista fled taking most of his fortune with him.- Carla Bornheimer