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This was a theory made by Aristotle, a Greek Philosopher. It was expanded by a Greek Astronomer named Ptolemy. The theory stated that the earth was at the center of the universe, and did not end up being true.

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This was a new and different way of thinking about the natural world. Scholars were changing accepted beliefs and creating new theories. People were questioning accepted beliefs.

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This theory was created by Copernicus. The theory stated that the planets orbited the sun. People did not believe it at first, but after Kepler stated that planets have an elliptical orbit, it was true.

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Galileo was an Italian scientist who built on other peoples theories. He supported the heliocentric theory, He also observed starts and moons and proved that they had a rough, uneven surface. His teachings were against the church though. If he proved the church wrong, people would try to prove the church wrong too. He was forced to recant his ideas and was thrown in prison. The Catholic church did not say that he was right until 1992.

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He was an English scientist who studied physics. He had three laws of motion. Newton also discovered gravity, and how it keeps planets in orbit. He was able to build on the ideas of Copernicus and Galileo. His laws fit with Kepler's laws and were proven to be true.

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Many different scientists including Galileo developed the scientific method. It is a procedure that scientists use when trying to come up with a theory. The main developer was Roger Bacon. Two other developers were Francis Bacon, who encouraged scientists to make their own theories, and Rene Descartes, who developed analytical geometry.

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Copernicus is the scientists who came up with the heliocentric theory. He studied astronomy for 25 years and came up with the heliocentric theory. It went against religious views, so he did not publish his theory until the last year of his life. After his death, other scientists studied his theory.

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Ptolemy was a greek astronomer who expanded Aristotle's idea of the geocentric theory. His theory was the accepted belief of the Catholic church.

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Kepler continued the heliocentric theory. He was a mathematician and assistant of Brahe, another heliocentric theory supporter. One of his laws that he created was that planets have an elliptical orbit. He was able to mathematically prove the heliocentric theory.

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This law was created by English scientist Isaac Newton. It stated that every object in the universe attracts every other object. It explained how orbit works. Newton discovered it when an apple fell to the ground. The law also explains why things drop to the ground too.

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Thomas Hobbes believe that humans were selfish or wicked. Thomas Hobbes put his views in a book called the Leviathan. He believed that a ruler should have everyone's rights. People would have law and order. This was called the Social contract. The ruler would have all of the power.

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This was the government created by Thomas Hobbes. The leader had complete control, while the people had law and order. It is different from absolute monarchy because the ruler does not rule from the divine right of kings, he rules from consent of the governed. People had different views of it. Rousseau viewed it as when people create their own government.

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John Locke was another person who's ideas started the Enlightenment. He believed that humans should make themselves better people. He thought that humans should govern their own affairs. He was against absolute monarchy. According to him, everyone is born equally with three rights, life, liberty, and property. The government has to protect these rights. His thoughts and ideas influenced political thinking of today. His ideas made the foundation of Democracy.

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The Enlightenment was an intellectual period around the 18th century when people came up with their own political ideas. Philosophers from different parts of Europe developed different types of government. These political ideas have influenced governments that are used today.

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Voltaire was a very influential philosopher from the Enlightenment. He published 70 books and essays. He often used humors in his writings. Because Voltaire was a philosopher, he was against his own government. He was enemies with the French court and was put in prison twice. However, he never stopped fighting for freedom of speech, religious freedom, and reason.

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Montesquieu was another philosopher of the enlightenment. He was French, but he like the British government better. The British used the separation of powers, which is the type of government he developed. He simplified this in a book called On the Spirit of Laws. He also influenced checks and balances. In the separation of powers, the king and ministers had executive power, The parliament had legislative power and they made laws. The judges of the English court has judicial power.

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He was a philosopher who studied individual freedom. His views were different from other Enlightenment thinkers. He thought that the best type of government was a democracy. He explained this in the Social Contract. He had a different view of the social contract than Hobbes. He agreed with Locke that they government was voted on by the governed.

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Philosophe is French for Philosopher. They believed that people should apply their own political reasons. They developed and studied government that were different from the French government. A lot of these governments are used today. Voltaire, Montesquieu, and Rousseau are the most famous ones. Even thought there were many leaders who did not like their ideas, they continued developing their political views.

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At the time, women had different education then men. Mary Wollstonecraft, an Enlightenment thinker, wanted them to be equal. That is why she wrote A Vindication of the rights form woman in 1792. She moved to Paris to write more in the French Revolution.

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https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bzli0fua30bed0l6MXlBcUtWakk/view
Link for My notes: https://duxbury.schoology.com/assignments/1575610483/mydocument

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https://www.khanacademy.org/partner-content/nasa/measuringuniverse/spacemath1/a/the-geocentric-universe

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https://www.khanacademy.org/partner-content/nasa/measuringuniverse/spacemath1/a/the-heliocentric-model

http://www.solarsystemscope.com/sss1/

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Want to Know more about the Scientific Method?

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Want to Know more about the Scientific Method?

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https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/intro-to-biology/science-of-biology/a/the-science-of-biology

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NMM8vx9vDiE

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E43-CfukEgs

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https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bzli0fua30bebncyT3dNTFA3cG8/view

Learn how it Spread: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bzli0fua30bebk5sTmZ2NmsyMlE/view

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=6&v=pZBs78WQuUc

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Av6R8QfgZ48

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Three Videos on three different Enlightenment thinkers

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Three Videos on three different Enlightenment thinkers

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https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1Oq5zklVsJOn8VTcsulcg2yuE5feS5iCM8pxDJHFUTgM/pub?start=false&loop=false&delayms=3000&slide=id.g1df30f7f7d_0_0

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https://duxbury.schoology.com/assignment/1575610513/assessment

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https://duxbury.schoology.com/assignment/1575610595/assessment