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Let's discuss something about  Infinitives. (Leave your comments below)

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Let's discuss something about  Infinitives. (Leave your comments below)

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Do you understand on how to differentiate between the verbs and phrases followed by only infinitives, and the verbs and phrases followed by gerunds? Please provide an example to support your answer.

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1. This infinitive gives information about the noun.
Ex: Generosity is a good trait to have.

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1. Use a possessive noun/ pronoun before a gerund to show possession.

Ex 1: Pete’s dominating every conversation bothers me.

Ex 2: I don’t like him dominating every conversation.

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1. These adjectives usually describe people, not things. They often express feelings about the action described in the infinitive.

Ex: George is afraid to make mistakes.

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1. Avoid, consider, enjoy, keep, mind

Ex: I enjoy meeting new people.

2. Go + gerund to talk about recreational activities.

Ex: We go hiking every weekend in the winter.

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Things that should know about infinitives

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Things that should know about infinitives

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1.  Don't confuse to in an infinitive with to as a preposition. To in an infinitive is followed by the base from the verb. To as a preposition is followed by gerund,regular noun or pronoun.
Ex 1: I plan to work hard. [infinitive]
Ex 2: I'm used to working hard. [gerund]

USAGE NOTE: to avoid repeating an infinitive just mentioned, replace the verb with to. This is called ellipsis.
Ex: Anna knew she had to go work, but she didn't want to.

2. Remember some verbs can be followed only by infinitives, others only by gerunds, and others by either infinitives or gerunds. These verbs fall into 4 patterns.
a. Examples of verbs and verb phrases followed only by infinitives: appear, decide, expect, hope, manage, need, pretend, seem, want, would like.
Ex: They managed to find new jobs.

b. Examples of verbs and phrases followed only by gerunds: avoid, can't help, considered, feel like, keep, spend(time)
Ex: I don't feel like working today.

c. Examples of verbs followed by infinitives or gerunds with no change in meaning: begin, can't stand, hate, like, love, prefer
Ex 1: They began to encourage her.
Ex 2: The began encouraging her.

d. Examples of verbs followed by infinitives or gerunds with a significant change in meaning: forget, go on, quit, regret, remember, stop, try.
Ex 1: I stopped/quit to go to the movies. [I stopped/quit another activity in order to go to the movies.]
Ex 2: I stopped/quit going to the movies. [I stopped/quit the activity of going to the movies.]

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Let's discuss about Gerunds. (Leave your comments)

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Let's discuss about Gerunds. (Leave your comments)

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What do you understand about gerunds ? Can you able to differentiate between the gerunds with verbs in the progressive form, gerunds with present participles used as adjectives and gerund with adverb phrases ?

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Explain the process of ellipsis by providing an example to support your discussion.

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Please leave your comments and suggestions regarding gerunds and infinitives.

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Has the information provided here been useful to you? How useful or not useful?

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Do you have any opinion or suggestions for improvement ?

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Some verbs and adjectives can be followed by either an -ing form or an infinitive. In some cases, there is a difference of meanings. Some verbs and adjectives are usually followed by infinitives. There are also some verbs or adjectives that can only be followed by ing forms.

Answers

1. He insisted on being paid at once.
2. I don't like the idea of getting old.
3. I am not very good at dancing.
4. I was interested to learn that my ancestors were from Burma.
5. I don't think they mean to get married for the moment.
6. If you want to pass the test that will mean working hard.
7. I'm beginning to understand things better.
8. I am not accustomed to live / to living alone.
9. We are still waiting for them to arrive.
10. They are talking about moving to the country.
11. They repaired the roof instead of going on holiday.
12. I regret quitting my job. It was a big mistake.

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Gerunds or Infinitives | Grammar Exercise

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Some verbs and adjectives can be followed by either an -ing form or an infinitive. In some cases, there is a difference of meanings. Some

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Exercise on Infinitive and Gerund :: page 21

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1. Many preposition combinations are followed by gerunds:

a.     Verb + preposition

Ex: They insisted on giving us a present.

b.     Adjective + preposition

Ex: She is good at making friends.

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1. Gerund is a noun made from a verb. To form a gerund, add –ing to the base of the verb.
Ex: Cooking is my hobby. I like eating too.

2. It functions as nouns:
a. Gerund as Subject.
| Gerund (Subject) | Verb | Object
| Swimming | builds | endurance.

b. Gerund as Object.
| Subject | Verb | Gerund (Object)
| We | went | swimming.

c. Gerund as Subject Complement.
| Subject | Verb | Gerund (S.C)
| My sport | is | skiing.

Gerund as Object Complement.
| Subject | Verb | Object | Ger (O.C)
| He | spends | time | reading.

d. Add not before a gerund to make a negative statement.

Ex: Not calling her was a big mistake.

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1. We can use a simple gerund to make a generalization.

Ex:  Making friends is a natural thing to do.

2. We can use a past gerund (having + past participle) to show an action that occurred before the action of the main verb in the sentence.

Ex:  Having met Jane in my first week of college helped me throughout my college career.

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1. Simple Present
| Active Infinitives |
Ex: She plans to invite them.
| Passive Infinitives |
Ex: They expect to be invited.

2. Simple Past
| Active Infinitives |
Ex: She was glad to have invited them.
| Passive Infinitives |
Ex: They were happy to have been invited.

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Important things should be consider in using gerund.

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Important things should be consider in using gerund.

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1. Gerund acts as OBJECTS OF PREPOSITIONS
= The word to can be a preposition or part of an infinitive.
Ex 1: He will adjust to working hard. (To is a preposition)
Ex 2: He tries to work hard. (To is a part of infinitive)
* We are focusing gerund prepositions only.

2. POSSESSION
= In conversation, native speakers often use a name or an object pronoun before a gerund.
Ex : I don't like Pete dominating every conversation.

3. Many words in English end in -ing. Do not confuse gerunds with verbs in the progressive form or with present participles used as adjectives or in adverb phrases.
Ex 1: I've been making friends at work. (progressive form)
Ex 2: Marry is enrolled in a cooking class. (as adjective)
Ex 3: Walking on the beach, I wondered why she was angry at me. (adverb phrase)

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Are you all able to differentiate between gerunds and infinitives ?

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(i) Too + Adjective/ Adverb + Infinitive

Ex: The project is too complicated to finish on time.

(ii) Adjective/ Adverb + Enough + Infinitive

Ex: Mia runs fast enough to be first.

(iii) Enough + Noun + Infinitive

There’s not enough money to pay for the repairs.

There’s not money enough to pay for the repairs.

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Gerund or Infinitive - exercises at an advanced level

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1. In the present, use being + past participle.

Ex: She hates being ignored.

2. In the past, use having been + past participle.

Ex: She was still angry at having been ignored.

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1. Certain verbs are followed only by infinitives.

Ex: They decided to call.

2. Still other verbs are followed by an optional noun/ pronoun + an infinitive, depending on the meaning of the verb.

Ex: We expected Jim to finish on time.

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1. An infinitive is to plus the base form of a verb.

2. It functions as nouns:

a. Infinitive as Subject.

Ex: To procrastinate causes a lot of problems.

b. Infinitive as Object.

Ex: I’d like to invite you to dinner.

c. Infinitive as Subject Complement.

Ex: A teacher’s job is to create a desire to learn.