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NASA scientists have calculated Europa's water level to be approximately 3 × 10¹⁸ m³ , which is double the volume of water in the oceans on Earth, assuming that its oceans are about 100 miles deep.

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Europa was officially discovered by Galileo Galilei on January 8, 1610, although Galileo may have discovered it earlier while observing what would become the other 3 Galilean moons.

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NASA's Galileo mission is responsible for what we know about Europa the most. Launched in 1989, the Galileo mission took 6 years to reach Jupiter and it remained in orbit from from 1995 until 2003. Europa, and other Galilean moons have been visited by numerous NASA Probes including Pioneer 10 and Voyager 2.

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Europa is 3100km in diameter (1900 miles), which is slightly smaller than Earth's moon,  but larger than Pluto. It is the smallest Galilean moon. It's mass is 4.8e+22 kilograms.

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Europa is estimated to be the same age as Jupiter, and other neighboring moons such as Ganymede, at 4.5 billion years old.

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One of Jupiter's Galilean Moons, Europa is intriguing to astronomers because of its frozen shield of surface ice. Scientists predict that there is a subterranean ocean under this ice sheet, which could harvest life. The surface ice sheet, which is 15 miles thick, makes Europa one of the most reflective moons in our solar system. The face of the moon also lacks the rough, cratered appearance of sister moons such as Callisto and Ganymede. According to NASA, jets of water which have been observed at the surface, may be caused by hydro-thermal vents near the ocean floor. This would conclude that the moon is geologically active, like Earth.

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Europa's surface temperature at the Equator will be under (-160) degrees Celsius, and at the poles of the moon, the temperature will be a blistering (-220) degrees.

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Much like Earth, Europa is thought to have a core of iron, a rocky mantle, and water.

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Europa is what is known as a tidally locked satellite, which means that only one side of it faces Jupiter at any point.

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On average (at any orbital point), Europa's distance from the sun is about 780 million kilometers, or 450 million miles away.

Europa's orbital distance from Jupiter is around 415,000 miles.

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Howell, E. (2018, March 21). Europa: Facts about jupiter's icy moon and its ocean. Retrieved March 24, 2018, from Space website: https://www.space.com/15498-europa-sdcmp.html

In depth | europa. (2018, January 23). Retrieved March 24, 2018, from NASA website: https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/moons/jupiter-moons/europa/in-depth/

Hamilton, C. J. (2009). Jupiter's moon europa. Retrieved March 25, 2018, from Solar views website: http://solarviews.com/eng/europa.htm

Europa facts. (n.d.). Retrieved March 25, 2018, from The Planets website: https://theplanets.org/

europa/

Castro, J. (2015, March 3). What would it be like to live on jupiter's moon europa? Retrieved March

24, 2018, from Space website: https://www.space.com/28705-how-to-live-on-europa.html

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It takes about 80 hours (3 1/2 Earth days) for Europa to orbit Jupiter. It takes the same amount of time for it to complete one revolution. This means that one day on Europa is one year.
Europa orbits in an elliptical pattern,  and the pull from Jupiter only affects the closer half of the moon, therefore causing the surface of Europa to stretch and relax.

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Europa's gravity is only 13 percent of Earth's gravity, resulting in a very thin atmosphere. This also means that Europa does not feature any weather or wind.