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Low anxiety, student motivation to learn, self confidence and self esteem effect second language acquisition.
"People can obtain comprehensible input when their affective filters are low enough to allow the input".
Silent periods allow learners to listen to the new language and understand it.

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Second language learners understanding the English language results in second language acquisition.
In order for one to understand how to speak, the language must be understandable, it must have grammatical structures (I +1), and there must be a flow of the language for communicating.

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"language learners acquire the language in a sequence".
Some grammatical features will can be acquired sooner for some students and later for others.
There is a natural order of acquisition.

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There are three conditions necessary for when a students uses this hypothesis: a good amount of time, determined to learn grammatical form, know the rules.
Krashen wants more focus on communication not rule following

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Focuses on "communication, not accuracy of form".
Distinguishes the difference between acquiring and learning a second language.
"Learning cannot turn into acquisition".
Acquiring a language provides  fluent communication.

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The Acquisition/ Learning Hypothesis
The Monitor Hypothesis
The Natural Order Hypothesis
The Input Hypothesis
The Affective Filter Hypothesis

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English language learners follow the rules they learned from their first language and apply them to their second language.
Most errors that are made in the second language are similar to errors made in their first language.
Krashen's Five Hypotheses

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Audio tapes and pattern drills help second language learners
Errors should be corrected immediately so bad habits are not formed
learning consists imitation, repetition, and reinforcement

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"Care givers play a critical role  in adjusting language to facilitate the use of innate capacities for language acquisition". When speaking to a young child, mothers repeat what the child is trying to say in an expanded version, which verifies that she understands. This teaches the child that what he or she is saying is correct.

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Chomsky was not a fan of the behaviorist theory. He believed that "language acquisition could only be accounted for by and innate, biological language acquisition device" and all infants have a "grammar template".
C

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Basic elements of learning:
1. stimulus
2. response
3. reinforcement
in addition to:
4. imitation
5. association
Focuses on utterances and one's social environment.