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ejercicios de examen - listening B2 first - idiomium

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ejercicios de examen que simulan la parte de listening B2 First de Cambridge.

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Practice listening exercises that will help you prepare for your English exam at B1 level

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Reading comprehension exercises - pdf worksheets - elementary level

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Reading comprehension exercises elementary level esl. Worksheets - pdf exercises.

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An essay is a common type of academic writing that you'll likely be asked to do in multiple classes. Before you start writing your essay, make sure you understand the details of the assignment so that you know how to approach the essay and what your focus should be. Once you've chosen a topic, do some research and narrow down the main argument(s) you'd like to make. From there, you'll need to write an outline and flesh out your essay, which should consist of an introduction, body, and conclusion. After your essay is drafted, spend some time revising it to ensure your writing is as strong as possible.

1. Read your assignment carefully. The style, structure, and focus of your essay will vary depending on the type of essay you are writing. If you've been assigned to write an essay for a class, review the assignment carefully and look for information about the nature of the essay. A few common types of essays include:[1]

The compare/contrast essay, which focuses on analyzing the similarities and differences between 2 things, such as ideas, people, events, places, or works of art.

The narrative essay, which tells a story.

The argumentative essay, in which the writer uses evidence and examples to convince the reader of their point of view.

The critical or analytical essay, which examines something (such as a text or work of art) in detail. This type of essay may attempt to answer specific questions about the subject or focus more generally on its meaning.

The informative essay, that educates the reader about a topic.

2. Check for formatting and style requirements. If you're writing an essay for a class or a publication, there may be specific formatting and style requirements you need to follow. Read your assignment carefully to make sure you understand requirements such as:

How long your essay should be

Which citation style to use

Formatting requirements, such as margin size, line spacing, and font size and type

Christopher Taylor is an Adjunct Assistant Professor of English at Austin Community College in Texas. He received his PhD in English Literature and Medieval Studies from the University of Texas at Austin in 2014.

Christopher Taylor, PhD
English Professor

Christopher Taylor, Professor of English, tells us: "Most essays will contain an introduction, a body or discussion portion, and a conclusion. When assigned a college essay, make sure to check the specific structural conventions related to your essay genre, your field of study, and your professor's expectations."

Make notes as you do your research. As you're researching your topic, keep detailed notes about relevant information, ideas that interest you, and questions that you need to explore further. If you plan to use any of the information that you find in your paper, write down detailed citation information. This will allow you to find the information again and cite it properly.

You might find it helpful to write your notes down on individual note cards or enter them into a text document on your computer so you can easily copy, paste, and rearrange them however you like.

Try organizing your notes into different categories so you can identify specific ideas you'd like to focus on. For example, if you're analyzing a short story, you might put all your notes on a particular theme or character together.

1. Present your argument(s) in detail. Working from your outline, write a series of paragraphs addressing each of the major points you'd like to make. Each paragraph should contain a topic sentence, which is like a miniature thesis-it briefly explains the main point you are trying to make with your paragraph. Follow up your topic sentence with a few concrete examples to support your point.

For example, your topic sentence might be something like, "Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes stories are among the many literary influences apparent in P. G. Wodehouse's Jeeves novels." You could then back this up by quoting a passage that contains a reference to Sherlock Holmes.

Try to show how the arguments in each paragraph link back to the main thesis of your essay.

2. Use transition sentences between paragraphs. Your essay will flow better if you build connections or smooth transitions between your arguments. Try to find logical ways to link each paragraph or topic to the one before or after.

When creating transitions, transitional phrases can be helpful. For example, use words and phrases such as "In addition," "Therefore," "Similarly," "Subsequently," or "As a result."

For example, if you've just discussed the use of color to create contrast in a work of art, you might start the next paragraph with, "In addition to color, the artist also uses different line weights to distinguish between the more static and dynamic figures in the scene."

3. properly. If you plan to use someone else's ideas or information that you got from another source, you will need to credit the source of your information. This is true whether you're quoting another source directly or simply summarizing or paraphrasing their words or ideas.

The way you cite your sources will vary depending on the citation style you're using. Typically, you'll need to include the name of the author, the title and publication date of the source, and location information such as the page number on which the information appears.

In general, you don't need to cite common knowledge. For example, if you say, "A zebra is a type of mammal," you probably won't need to cite a source.

If you've cited any sources in the essay, you'll need to include a list of works cited (or a bibliography) at the end.

1. after finishing your first draft. After drafting your essay, it's a good idea to take some time away from it. That way, you can come back to it and look at it again with a fresh perspective. If possible, take 1-2 days before you look at it again.

If you don't have time to spend a couple of days away from your essay, at least take a few hours to relax or work on something else.

2. Read over your draft to check for obvious problems. When you're ready to work on your essay again, first read it over to look for any major problems. You might find it helpful to read the essay out loud since your ears can pick up on things your eyes might miss. If you spot anything, make a note of it, but don't try to fix it right away. Look out for issues such as:

Excessive wordiness

Points that aren't explained enough

Tangents or unnecessary information

Unclear transitions or illogical organization

Spelling, grammar, style, and formatting problems

Inappropriate language or tone (e.g., slang or informal language in an academic essay)

3. Correct any major problems you find. Once you've read over your essay, go through and edit it. When you're done, go back over the essay again to make sure it flows well and that there aren't any problems you missed.

You might have to cut material from your essay in some places and add new material to others.

You might also end up reordering some of the content of the essay if you think that helps it flow better.

4. Tip: If possible, have someone else check your work. When you've been looking at your writing for too long, your brain begins to fill in what it expects to see rather than what's there, making it harder for you to spot mistakes.

Add New Question

How do you begin an essay?

Christopher Taylor is an Adjunct Assistant Professor of English at Austin Community College in Texas. He received his PhD in English Literature and Medieval Studies from the University of Texas at Austin in 2014.

Begin your essay by narrowing your topic, researching your topic, taking notes, and brainstorming your ideas.

What is the format of an essay?

Christopher Taylor is an Adjunct Assistant Professor of English at Austin Community College in Texas. He received his PhD in English Literature and Medieval Studies from the University of Texas at Austin in 2014.

Different essay genres can have different formats. Make sure to check the specific conventions of your essay genre with your professor.

What is an essay?

Christopher Taylor is an Adjunct Assistant Professor of English at Austin Community College in Texas. He received his PhD in English Literature and Medieval Studies from the University of Texas at Austin in 2014.

A college essay is a formal writing assignment that can take many forms. Persuasive, descriptive, analytical, expository, and personal are examples of types of college essays.

See more answers

This article was co-authored by Christopher Taylor, PhD and by wikiHow staff writer, Megaera Lorenz, PhD. Christopher Taylor is an Adjunct Assistant Professor of English at Austin Community College in Texas. He received his PhD in English Literature and Medieval Studies from the University of Texas at Austin in 2014. This article has been viewed 7,621,344 times.

If you need to write an essay, start by gathering information from reputable sources, like books from the library or scholarly journals online. Take detailed notes and keep track of which facts come from which sources. As you're taking notes, look for a central theme that you're interested in writing about to create your thesis statement. Then, organize your notes into an outline that supports and explains your thesis statement. Working from your outline, write an introduction and subsequent paragraphs to address each major point. Start every paragraph with a topic sentence that briefly explains the main point of that paragraph. Finally, finish your paper with a strong conclusion that sums up the most important points. For tips from our English Professor co-author on helpful revision techniques, keep reading!

Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 7,621,344 times.

Muhammad Talha Javaid

"Amazing and helpful article.These days, essay writing is required by high school and college grads, no matter the field of study. If you follow the format presented above, it will help you write a compelling and engaging essay." ..." more

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How to Write an Essay (with Pictures) - wikiHow

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An essay is a common type of academic writing that you'll likely be asked to do in multiple classes. Before you start writing your essay, make sure you understand the details of the assignment so that you know how to approach the essay and...

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EXERCICES

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Determiners with countable and uncountable nouns (SOME, ANY, NO, MANY, MUCH, FEW, LITTLE etc.)

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Determiners precede nouns and show what kind of reference the noun has. Some determiners can only be used with countable or uncountable nouns, while others can be used with both. Countable nouns take a singular or plural form depending on the determiner which precedes them:

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English grammar exercises online. Free exercises and lessons on the use of adverbs.

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Adverbs of degree | English Grammar | EF

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Adverbs of degree tell us about the intensity of something. Adverbs of degree are usually placed before the adjective, adverb, or verb that they modify, although there are some exceptions. The words "too", "enough", "very", and "extremely" are examples of adverbs of degree.

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A possessive noun quiz is very useful for fourth and fifth graders. Below are a few sample quizzes that you could make use of when teaching grammar lessons on possessive nouns.

Quiz 1

Complete each sentence by filling in the blanks with the possessive form of the nouns in parentheses.

1. The ________ color (birds)

2. The ________ hues (lights)

3. The ________ painting (museum)

4. The ________ length (mattress)

5. The ________ effectiveness (delivery)

6. _______ Metropolitan museum (New York)

7. The _______ hot dogs (restaurant)

8. The _______ weight (television)

9. My ________ bed (dog)

10. My ________ car (Mom)

11. The _______ uniform (Officer)

12. The _______ bottle (baby)

13. The _______ toy (boy)

14. The _______ tire (car)

15. The _______ smell (food)

16. The _______ cord (telephone)

17. The _______ books (teacher)

18. The _______ smell (flower)

19. The ______ brightness (light)

Quiz 2

Write each group of words using a possessive noun.

1. The room of the girl ____________________________

2. The toy of the boy _____________________________

3. The house of my mom __________________________

4. The ball of the dog _____________________________

5. The purse of the lady ___________________________

6. The telephone of the man________________________

7. The car of the mailman _________________________

8. The milk of the cat __________________________

9. The cries of the dog ________________________

10. The cage of the monkey ________________________

Quiz 3

Circle all of the possessive nouns in the narrative below.

My dog's howl is very loud. Every time he howls it is an eerie sound. Sometimes he jumps on my Mom's couch. Sometimes he will lay on my Dad's favorite chair. When I took him for a walk he ate my neighbor's food, and everyone laughed when he ate the girl's food. I did not know how to control him. When my Dad saw him drinking the cat's water outside, he yelled for him to stop and get away from there. My dog got scared and began to run very fast. He ran around the block and across my friend's lawn. He leaped over the fence at Ms. Williams' house, he crept through the alley behind Mr. Donald's house too. When I called out to him, he just continued to run. Faster and faster until he came to a red car. It was Mrs. Jarrell's car. She was kind enough to stop and get out of her car. She went over to my dog and walked him back to me.

Quiz 4

Circle all of the possessive nouns in the narrative below.

We got cellphones today. My sister's cellphone is red. My brother's cellphone is blue. My cellphone is different than my brother's and my sister's cellphone. When I showed my cellphone to my friend, she was excited. My friend's cellphone is slim and flips open. Much different than mine. When we are out at the mall we love to look at other people's cellphones. This one girl's cellphone was pink with purple polka dots. This boy's cellphone was green with black and yellow stripes. When we went to eat pizza, the waiter's cellphone was all black, but the hostess's cellphone was navy blue. When my friend's mom picked her up outside of the mall, she was talking on her cellphone. My friend's mom's cellphone is yellow and green. My friend's older brother drove past as she was getting the car with her mother. Her brother's cellphone was blue green and was chatting away. When my friend drove away and my mom came to pick me up she showed me her latest cellphone. My mom's old cellphone she had traded in for a sparkly green and red cellphone with rhinestones. It was really pretty and bright. My mom's new cellphone had many capacities.She could watch movies on it and even check her email. I wish I had my mom's new cellphone. It looks even better than mine.

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A possessive noun quiz is very useful for fourth and fifth graders. Below are a few sample quizzes that you could make use of when teaching grammar lessons on possessive nouns. Complete each sentence by filling in the blanks with the possessive form of the nouns in parentheses.

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Prepositions - PDF Worksheets - English Vocabulary and Grammar

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Prepositions - PDF Worksheets - English Vocabulary and Grammar

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Complex Prepositions @ The Internet Grammar of English

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EXERCICES

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Tense Changes When Using Reported Speech | English Grammar | EF

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Normally, the tense in reported speech is one tense back in time from the tense in direct speech: She said, "I am tired." = She said that she was tired.

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EXERCICES

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Conditional sentences - Grammar Exercises - Learning English

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Conditional sentences, Grammar Exercises - Learning English

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English Grammar

Conditional sentences have two parts: the if-clause and the main clause.

Example sentence: If it rains, I will cancel the trip.

If it rains is the if-clause and I will cancel the trip is the main clause.

The IF-clause introduces a condition. The main clause is the result of that condition.

What happens in the main clause is conditional to what happens in the if-clause. In other words the main clause only happens when the events in the if-clause happen.

There are 4 main types of conditional clauses (if-clauses)...

Conditionals Summary Chart

As you can see, each type of conditional has its own combination of tense used in the if-clause and tense used the main clause. These different pairings of tenses give each type of conditional its own meaning.

Other types of conditional clauses

Now, these four types of conditional clauses are the traditional ones though there are OTHER types of conditional clauses.

IF + PRESENT SIMPLE, ...+ IMPERATIVE

We use the imperative to give instructions of advice.

If you see John, tell him he needs to come to my office.

If you travel abroad, remember your passport

If you go to Australia, send me a postcard.

If you go to the supermarket, bring back some milk.

If Mike comes, call me.

If you drink, don't drive.

The highlighted words are in the imperative. These sentences are similar to saying: If the first condition happens, you must do this (in the second/imperative clause).

Next activity

See our grammar notes about the following:

We also have this lesson about an Introduction to conditionals - If clauses.

If you found this grammar guide about Conditionals in English useful, let others know about it:

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Conditionals and IF clauses - English Grammar

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Conditionals in English with examples and a summary chart

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EXERCICES

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A list of all the free modal verbs exercises on the website. Includes exercises about modals of ability, obligation, permission and probablity.

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Use of Passive

Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, however, who or what is performing the action.

Example: My bike was stolen.

In the example above, the focus is on the fact that my bike was stolen. I do not know, however, who did it.

Sometimes a statement in passive is more polite than active voice, as the following example shows:

Example: A mistake was made.

In this case, I focus on the fact that a mistake was made, but I do not blame anyone (e.g. You have made a mistake.).

Form of Passive

Subject + finite form of to be + Past Participle (3rd column of irregular verbs)

Example: A letter was written.

When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following:

the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence

the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle)

the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped)

Rewriting an active sentence with two objects in passive voice means that one of the two objects becomes the subject, the other one remains an object. Which object to transform into a subject depends on what you want to put the focus on.

.

As you can see in the examples, adding by Rita does not sound very elegant. That's why it is usually dropped.

Personal and Impersonal Passive

Personal Passive simply means that the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence. So every verb that needs an object (transitive verb) can form a personal passive.

Example: They build houses. - Houses are built.

Verbs without an object (intransitive verb) normally cannot form a personal passive sentence (as there is no object that can become the subject of the passive sentence). If you want to use an intransitive verb in passive voice, you need an impersonal construction - therefore this passive is called Impersonal Passive.

Example: he says - it is said

Impersonal Passive is not as common in English as in some other languages (e.g. German, Latin). In English, Impersonal Passive is only possible with verbs of perception ( e. g. say, think, know).

Example: They say that women live longer than men. - It is said that women live longer than men.

Although Impersonal Passive is possible here, Personal Passive is more common.

Example: They say that women live longer than men. - Women are said to live longer than men.

The subject of the subordinate clause (women) goes to the beginning of the sentence; the verb of perception is put into passive voice. The rest of the sentence is added using an infinitive construction with 'to' (certain auxiliary verbs and that are dropped).

Sometimes the term Personal Passive is used in English lessons if the indirect object of an active sentence is to become the subject of the passive sentence.

Exercises

Exercises on Passive (Form)

Exercises on Passive (Active → Passive)

Exercises on Passive (Active or Passive)

Grammar in Texts

Tests on Passiv

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Learn English - Passive Voice - English Grammar

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Passive Voice, short explanation and exercises

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EXERCICES

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Complete the sentences. 1. In those days , they ______ (to drink) milk . 2. Mrs Wilson ______ (to read) four hours a day when she was young . 3. He is nervous because he ______ (not , to speak) English . 4. There ______ (to be) a bakery in the village in those days .

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Sujeto + "used to" + verbo...

Ejemplos:

Sujeto + "didn't" + "use to" + verbo...

Ejemplos:

Did + sujeto + "use to" + verbo...?

Ejemplos:

Nota: No utilizamos " used to" para acciones habituales en el presente. En vez de este verbo modal, se usa un adverbio como " usually" o " normally " por ejemplo.

Ejemplos:

He normally smokes a pack of cigarettes every day. (Normalmente él fuma un paquete de cigarrillos cada día.)

They usually play football on the weekends. (Suelen jugar a fútbol los fines de semana.)

Nota: También se puede utilizar el verbo modal "would" para eventos o acciones repetidas en el pasado. Pero ten en cuenta que sólo se puede usar con acciones, no con estados o hábitos. Tampoco se puede utilizar " would" en el negativo. Para información de los otros usos de " would" ver las lecciones de frases condicionales y los verbos modales.

Ejemplos:

He would smoke a lot.

When I was young we wouldn't go to the beach every summer.

Nota: También se puede utilizar el verbo modal " would" para eventos o acciones repetidas en el pasado. Pero ten en cuenta que sólo se puede usar con acciones, no con estados o hábitos. Tampoco se puede utilizar " would" en el negativo. Para información de los otros usos de " would " ver las lecciones de las frases condicionales} y los verbos modales.

Ejemplos:

He would smoke a lot.

When I was young we wouldn't go to the beach every summer.

Ejemplos:

Nota: Cuando utilizamos el verbo "get" en vez de "be" indica el proceso de familiarizarse con algo. Ver la lección del verbo to get para más información sobre este verbo.

Ejemplos:

Nota: Cuando utilizamos el verbo "get" en vez de "be" indica el proceso de familiarizarse con algo. Ver la lección del verbo " to get " para más información sobre este verbo.

Ejemplos:

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Sujeto + "used to" + verbo... Ejemplos: Sujeto + "didn't" + "use to" + verbo... Ejemplos: Did + sujeto + "use to" + verbo...? Ejemplos: Nota: No utilizamos " used to" para acciones habituales en el presente. En vez de este verbo modal, se usa un adverbio como " usually" o " normally " por ejemplo.

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PRACTICING ON TENSES

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Lots of English grammar exercises and quizzes both online and in PDF to help you practise your English

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ENGLISH TENSES EXERCICES

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Tenses

This section is all about English tenses. It contains exercises on every tense - simple and progressive - as well as a section with mixed tense exercises.

Levels of Difficulty : Elementary Intermediate Advanced

Present Tense

Past Tense

Present Perfect

Present Perfect - Past Tense

Past Perfect Tense

Future Tense

All Tenses

Irregular Verbs

Further Exercises

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Online Tense Exercises - English Grammar

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English Grammar Tense Exercises - All exercises can be done online

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PRACTICE

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Conjunctions, connecting words and fillers in English sentences

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How to use conjunctions, connecting words and fillers in English sentences - Grammar Reference