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1994: AS was added to the DSM for the first time. Initially, members of the panel charged with creating the diagnostic criteria for AS

did not completely agree to the validity of the AS category or the criteria to use for diagnosis.

Ultimately, a decision was made to give the

Asperger’s disorder label to individuals with normal intelligence and no history of language delays when they demonstrate the same  types of social deficits and restricted and repetitive behaviors seen in autism.

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Dr. Leo Kanner wrote the first book on Child Psychiatry in 1935

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Leo Kanner was born as Chaskel Leib Kanner in Klekotów, Austria-Hungary (now Klekotiv, Ukraine) on June 13, 1894 to Abraham Kanner and Clara Reisfeld Kanner. In this area, approximately 70% of the total population was of Jewish descent.

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Dr. Leo Kanner published original description of the autism disorder from a study at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland involving 11 children, more boys than girls. three out of the 11 children had no spoken language. Dr. Kanner argued that children with Mental Retardation (MR) and childhood Schizophrenia were actually Autistic.

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Swiss psychiatrist, Eugen Bleuler, introduced the concept in 1909 for reasons that had nothing do with

ASDs. Bleuler derived the word from the Greek word ‘‘autos,’’ meaning ‘‘self.’’ He

used the term to describe the marked withdrawal schizophrenic patients demon-

strate when they retreat into a self-contained existence filled with delusions and

hallucinations. (Bleuler had a knack for introducing words into the psychiatric

nomenclature; he is also responsible for the term schizophrenia.)

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A major change is that the APA has changed pervasive development disorder to autism spectrum disorder as well as the diagnostic categories of Rett's disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified and Asperger's disorder.

The inclusion of hyper-and hypo-reactivity to sensory input or unusual interest in sensory aspect if the environment.

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When people with developmental disabilities have what they need to thrive, everyone benefits. In a speech he gave at the United Nations on April 1st, author Steve Silberman made the case that it's past time we all learned to honor neurodiversity.

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Pop-Up Magazine is "something like a reading," only not. This unique show brings the glossy pages of a general interest magazine to life, telling real-life stories in a vortex of sight, sound and spectacle. And they have curated Session 8 of TED2015. A tour of the 11 stories woven on the TED stage: Believe in Magik*. The lights [...]

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Millions of parents worldwide still fear - needlessly - that vaccines cause autism. How did this dangerous false myth become so prevalent? As writer Steve Silberman shows during Pop-Up Magazine's session at TED2015, it's just another milestone in the decades-old history of misinformation and misunderstanding about autism. In 1943 child psychologist Leo Kanner wrote about his eleven [...]

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When people with developmental disabilities have what they need to thrive, everyone benefits. In a speech he gave at the United Nations on April 1st, author Steve Silberman made the case that it's past time we all learned to honor neurodiversity. Continue reading Pop-Up Magazine is "something like a reading," only not.

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Many years ago ASD or more commonly known as AUTISM was looked at as being caused by poor parenting.. Sort of a ICE BOX or refrigerated theory on parents being cold toward their child.  Also it was just seen as a rare occurrence in earlier years, where only a few pediatricians had ever seen a real case. However in 1975, 1 in 5000 kids, were diagnosed and now the rate is approximately 1 in 68!

https://www.ted.com/talks/steve_silberman_the_forgotten_history_of_autism

Genetics-
Original Studies on Twins suggest that a genetic cause of both identical and fraternal twins. As identical twins have a much higher rate of having autism if one twin has it, then the rate 70-90% of the other identical twin having it; however if the twins are fraternal then the rate drops to 0-5% in the second twin. (Hallmayer etal., 2002)

Neurology-
Neurological studies of autism have focused on neurochemistry, neuropathology and functional neuroimaging. Neuropathological Studies of young children with Autism have shown that 0% and 25% of the children with ASD Level 1- have a heavier and larger brain and head circumference than typical children, known as macrocephaly. With the use of MRI's studies have also shown that along with the larger brains, that there is also an increase in larger brain volumes whereas the cerebellum and cerebral cortex, and also grey matter.  Which means that having a larger and faster growing brain in earlier years may not be beneficial to the development of specific abilities like cognitive, and social, communication skills.

Possible Errors of Metabolism-Children with PKN (phenylketonuria ) have a deficiency in an enzyme that converts the amino acid phenylalanine to tyrosine; so in other words this deficiency leads to a toxic accumulation resulting in brain function. * A current debate between parents and scientist is whether ASD may be caused in the lack of being able to metabolize gluten. Infections in Pregnancy and Early Childhood-
Viral infections have been suggested as a cause of autism. In the 1970's it was suggested that Autism may be caused by Rubella, but a recent study has not supported that theory.
* Also immunizations have been a discussed widely in the media to have been linked with causing Autism; however at this point, no one has been able to completely prove this theory.

Autoimmune Disorders-
Recent research indicates that there is an association between autoimmune disorders and Autism. Type 1 diabetes, Crohn's Disease and Celiac Disease are just a few of the autoimmune disorders that have been linked with of Mother's who have at least one child with ASD.

Gender Differences-
Boys have 4 times more likely being diagnosed with ASD then in females; however, the ration can be a 2 to:1 when making a comparison of boys and girls with a Level 1- ASD.

MORE INFO:

ttps://docs.google.com/presentation/d/10Ez4Wl-Rs4llCs4A_48TXbe2dvZwkb3xSE-69A8z0s8/edit#slide=id.g3bc671a90_2_84

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"AUTISM SPEAKS" SOMETIMES it speaks in Silence.... SOMETIMES it speaks in Body Language... & SOMETIMES it speaks Unkindly! 

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"AUTISM SPEAKS" SOMETIMES it speaks in Silence.... SOMETIMES it speaks in Body Language... & SOMETIMES it speaks Unkindly! 

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http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/health-jan-june11-autism_04-18/

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Severity Levels for Autism Spectrum Disorder
Level 1 "Requiring Support"
Without supports in place, deficits in social communication cause     noticeable impairments.

Level 2 "Requiring Substantial Support"
Marked deficits in verbal and non verbal communication skills; social impairments even with supports in place; limited initiations of social interactions; and reduced or abnormal responses to social overtures from others.

Level 3 "Requiring very Substantial Support.
Server deficits in verbal and nonverbal social communication skills;  cause sever impairments in functioning, very limited initiation of social interactions , and minimal response to social interactions, and minimal response to social overtures.

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6 Aspects of ASD & Psychological Theories of ASD 

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6 Aspects of ASD & Psychological Theories of ASD 

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https://www.ted.com/speakers/wendy_chung

6 Aspects of ASD:

Social Reasoning-
Social interactions & reasoning are often seen by the child having little to no interests of interacting or with other humans, in fact often the child will seem as if the child's interactions with objects give them more of a benefit.  This is due to a lack of social understanding.

Language Abilities-
Children who have ASD may have little to know vocabulary or be able to express themselves by actual words, instead they may use sounds, to try and communicate.

Cognition-The cognitive spectrum often starts with a child who has demonstrated severe learning difficulties and is intellectually impaired when assessed on an IQ, or standardized intelligence test. Although autism is considered to be a neurodevelopmental disorder, it does not mean that all aspects of the brain functins are adversely affected.  In fact, quite remarkably an estimate of approximately 10% of children develop savant ?

Special Interests- There is a wide range of interests that will appeal to the child with A SD early on; however the child may have an intense interests , where that object, or interests will occupy a great amount of their time.

Sensory Sensitivity-The spectrum in the dimension of ASD that we know least about lies here within the sensory system. Sadly the most severe expression of sensory overload or extreme sensitivity makes it seem like that child is living in a "war zone".

Expression and Management of Emotions- The DSM-5 diagnostic criteria refers to a deficit in social-emotional development, and so an assessment of a child with ASD should include an evaluation of their ability to express reciprocal emotions as well as being able to label and identify emotions in them self and in others.

https://www.ted.com/speakers/wendy_chung

https://www.ted.com/speakers/steve_silberman