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a category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter

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describes a common type of image sensor format that's used in film photography. The general rule is, the larger the film, the better the resolution. Smaller formats like 35mm will be noticeably grainier when printed — but that's often a much-loved result of film photography.

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A twin-lens reflex camera is a type of camera with two objective lenses of the same focal length. One of the lenses is the photographic objective or "taking lens", while the other is used for the viewfinder system, which is usually viewed from above at waist level.

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a darkened box with a convex lens or aperture for projecting the image of an external object onto a screen inside. It is important historically in the development of photography

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The gelatin silver process is the most commonly used chemical process in black-and-white photography, and is the fundamental chemical process for modern analog color photography. As such, films and printing papers available for analog photography rarely rely on any other chemical process to record an image.

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Image curation is the process of sifting through large amounts of archives and methodically selecting images around a specific theme. A curator searches and collects the most appropriate and effective images for an intended use

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a public display of works of art or items of interest, held in an art gallery or museum or at a trade fair.

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a room or building for the display or sale of works of art

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a building in which objects of historical, scientific, artistic, or cultural interest are stored and exhibited.

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A photographic studio is often a business owned and represented by one or more photographers, possibly accompanied by assistants and pupils, who create and sell their own and sometimes others’ photographs

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Line is a mark on a surface that describes a shape or outline. Lines can include vertical, horizontal, diagonal lines

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A 2-dimensional line with no form or thickness.

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is observed when an image has subject areas that look balanced throughout the composition. It is achieved by shifting the frame and juxtaposing subjects within it so objects, tones, and colors are of equal visual weight.

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about varying elements and objects in your image, to avoid making them boring. Variety can also be varying your angles, exposure, composition, etc., to get a few different looks to the same image.

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the concept of integrating a repetition of elements into your photographs. Our daily lives are filled with repetitive patterns. Whether with shapes, colors or textures, perfect examples of repetition exist all around us. Pattern photography is not only created by using repetition.

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Scale and proportion are both design elements that have to do with size. Scale is the size of one object in relation to the other objects in a design or artwork. Proportion refers to the size of the parts of an object in relationship to other parts of the same object.

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where elements within an image radiate outwards from a central point. This way, they create an even pattern, adding depth and visual movement to the picture. It can help bring the viewer's eyes to a subject placed in the centre.

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achieved when two halves of an image hold the same weight and give a perfect balance between two sides of your photograph

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it has unequal visual weight on either side. But those visual elements balance out each other. This means that an asymmetrical photo still follows the rules of composition. ... It's all about manipulating the visual weight of the elements

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is placing two things together to show contrast or similarities. In photography, we use composition, forced perspectives or props to convey the contrasts in the picture. Photographs can also rely on cultural ideas and identities of the viewers.

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is a means of depicting a visual image that does not have an immediate association with the object world and that has been created through the use of photographic equipment, processes or materials.

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include green, blue, and purple, and variations of those three colors. Blue is the only primary color within the cool spectrum. Greens take on some of the attributes of yellow, and purple takes on some of the attributes of red. They are often more subdued than warm colors.

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associated with the sun, warmth and fire. These colors are called warm colors since they evoke warm feelings in people. Yellow, red, orange and different shades of these colors are warm colors. ... These are the colors of preference for calm, timid children of low energy.

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is a color without much intensity or saturation—a color that's lacking in color, if you will, which generally goes with everything. Think tans, beiges, ivories, creams, whites, blacks, and grays.

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a color that combined with a given color makes white or black

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Monochromatic colors are all the colors of a single hue. Monochromatic color schemes are derived from a single base hue and extended using its shades, tones and tints. Tints are achieved by adding white and shades and tones are achieved by adding a darker color, grey or black

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a helpful way of giving feedback that provides specific, actionable suggestions. Rather than providing general advice, constructive criticism gives specific recommendations on how to make positive improvements.

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the practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own.

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Photography ethics are the principles that guide how we take and share photographs. Photography ethics are subjective, contextual, and fluid, meaning that every person's ethics will be different, because ethics are based on a person's life experience and values.

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Based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes, or opinions. Objective: (of a person or their judgement) not influenced by personal feelings or opinions in considering and representing facts.

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Copyright protects original work, whereas a trademark protects items that distinguish or identify a particular business from another. Copyright is generated automatically upon the creation of original work, whereas a trademark is established through common use of a mark in the course of business.

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The rule of thirds is a composition guideline that places your subject in the left or right third of an image, leaving the other two thirds more open. While there are other forms of composition, the rule of thirds generally leads to compelling and well-composed shots.

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Leading lines are lines that appear in a photograph that have been framed and positioned by the photographer to draw the viewer's eye towards a specific point of interest.

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The golden ratio is a ratio of approximately 1.618 to 1. Artists have used this ratio for centuries to create works of art from paintings to architecture.

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positive space is the actual subject while negative space (also called white space) is the area surrounding the subject.

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positive space is the actual subject while negative space (also called white space) is the area surrounding the subject.

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positioning the main light source for a photograph behind the primary subject. Backlighting is a popular technique among skilled photographers, but it can also present unique challenges for exposure and composition.

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any light that comes from a large surface, either as a directly emitted light or as a strongly reflected light

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refers to any source of light that is not explicitly supplied by the photographer for the purpose of taking pictures.

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refers to any source of light that is not explicitly supplied by the photographer for the purpose of taking pictures.

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is a solid, dark image of a subject against a brighter background

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two images combined into a single frame or presented together

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a group of 3 separate images displayed together.

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an aerial photograph or satellite imagery geometrically corrected such that the scale is uniform: the photo or image follows a given map projection.

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describes a type of distortion wherein lines that are straight in real life appear to curve inwards

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the sensitivity—the signal gain—of the camera's sensor. The ISO setting is one of three elements used to control exposure; the other two are f/stop and shutter speed

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scale is an arbitrary rating of film speed; that is, the sensitivity of the film to light

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a device that allows the camera to convert photons – that is, light – into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the device

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the random optical texture of processed photographic film due to the presence of small particles of a metallic silver, or dye clouds,

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random variation of brightness or color information in images, and is usually an aspect of electronic noise.

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a space through which light passes in an optical or photographic instrument, especially the variable opening by which light enters a camera.

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to denote aperture measurements on your camera. The aperture controls the amount of light that enters the camera lens, and it's measured in f-stops.

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Lens focal length tells us the angle of view—how much of the scene will be captured—and the magnification

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how much is in focus in front of and behind the subject that is focused upon

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photographic technique which uses blur to focus the viewer's attention on a specific area of an image.

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Automatic Exposure is when the camera chooses the optimum shutter speed, aperture, ISO and flash settings for your shot

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a full manual control of Aperture and Shutter Speed. In this mode, you can manually set both the aperture and the shutter speed to any value you want

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is a setting on some cameras that allows the user to set a specific aperture value (f-number) while the camera selects a shutter speed

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You determine the shutter speed you want, and the camera automatically adjusts the aperture to maintain the correct exposure.

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the fact that you can fiddle with the shutter speed and aperture combo.

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It's the speed at which the shutter of the camera closes

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an exposure setting that is used when seeking to use a shutter speed of more than 30 seconds

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the purposeful streaking or blurring of an object in motion in a photo for visual effect

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a tripod is a portable device used to support, stabilize and elevate a camera, a flash unit, or other video graphic or observational/measuring equipment

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to define the act of accidentally shaking a camera during shooting due to unsteady hands, which results in blurry images

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involves using a long-duration shutter speed to sharply capture the stationary elements of images while blurring, smearing, or obscuring the moving elements

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denoting the photographic technique of taking a sequence of frames at set intervals to record changes that take place slowly over time. When the frames are shown at normal speed, or in quick succession, the action seems much faster.

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Light painting, painting with light, light drawing, or light art performance photography are terms that describe photographic techniques of moving a light source while taking a long exposure photograph

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swiveling a still or video camera horizontally from a fixed position. This motion is similar to the motion of a person when they turn their head on their neck from left to right

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a feature using which a photographer can take multiple shots continuously in a fraction of second. The camera takes multiple frames in one second and arranges them in a sequence to analyse the movement

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In photography, painting, and other visual arts, middle gray or middle grey is a tone that is perceptually about halfway between black and white on a lightness scale

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allows the camera to measure the light reflected from the person's face and expose properly

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a camera-metering mode in which the metering is weighted at the center of the viewfinder

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Center weighted metering is a camera metering mode. ... For example, if you are shooting a natural light portrait and have placed your subject in the center of the frame, the camera will determine the correct exposure for their face while placing a significantly lesser importance on the background.

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the mostly used automatic metering mode in everyday photography and can be applied in most shooting scenarios

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defined as a contour of an object that forms due to the blockage of a light source defined as a contour of an object that forms due to the blockage of a light source

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all luminance values that are not dark or light are considered to be mid-tones

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lightest elements in an image

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displays a visual representation of your workspaces

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a strip of icons used to perform certain functions

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a correspondence table in which selected colors from a certain color space's color reproduction range are assigned an index

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Cropping is the removal of unwanted outer areas from a photographic or illustrated image.

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the ratio of width and height, in which the width is usually the first number and the height is the second number

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which refers to how many pixels are displayed per inch of an image

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DPI refers to the number of printed dots contained within one inch of an image printed by a printer. PPI refers to the number of pixels contained within one inch of an image displayed on a computer monitor.

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SOOC is an abbreviation of the photography term “Straight Out Of Camera”, simply meaning that an image can be good enough to print straight from the camera without further processing.

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a standard way that information is encoded for storage in a computer file

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commonly used method of lossy compression for digital images, particularly for those images produced by digital photography

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an image file format native to Adobe's popular Photoshop Application. ... PSD files are commonly used for containing high quality graphics data

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is a raster-graphics file format that supports lossless data compression.

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Raw files are named so because they are not yet processed and therefore are not ready to be printed or edited with a bitmap graphics editor.

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multi-exposure HDR capture is a technique allowing to capture high dynamic range images by taking and then combining several different exposures of the same subject matter

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In photography and cinematography, a multiple exposure is the superimposition of two or more exposures to create a single image, and double exposure has a corresponding meaning in respect of two images.

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Uses three colors that are evenly spaced around the color wheel

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the golden hour is the period of daytime shortly after sunrise or before sunset, during which daylight is redder and softer than when the sun is higher in the sky

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The blue hour is the period of twilight when the Sun is at a significant depth below the horizon. During this time, the remaining sunlight takes on a mostly blue shade.

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a lens suitable for taking photographs unusually close to the subject.

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a lens of fixed focal length.

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a lens with a longer focal length than standard, giving a narrow field of view and a magnified image

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a very wide-angle lens with a field of vision covering up to 180°, the scale being reduced toward the edges.