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A category of artistic composition

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The standard photographic film format for analog single lens reflex still cameras and motion picture cameras

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A twin lens reflex camera is a type of camera with two objective lenses of the same focal length

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A darkened box with a convex lens or aperture for projecting the image of an external object onto a screen inside

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The fundamental chemical process for modern analog color photography

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A keeper or custodian of a museum or other collection

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A public display of works of art or items of interest

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A room or building for he display or sale of works of art

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A building in which objects of historical, scientific, artistic, or cultural interest are stored and exhibited

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A business owned and represented by one or more photographers

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Line is a mark with more length than width. Lines can be horizontal, vertical or diagonal. They can be straight, curved, thick or thin. A line creates a recognizable path by a point that is moving. It is one dimensional.

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Shape is a closed line. Shapes can be geometric, like squares and circles or organic, like free-forms or natural shapes. Shapes are flat, lack value, and can express length and width. They are two dimensional.

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Color is light reflected off of objects. Color has three main characteristics: hue, value, and intensity. Color in art can also portray a mood or feeling. Colors can also give a sense of distance, complimentary, monochromatic.

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Space is the area between and around objects. The space around objects is often called negative space, negative space has a shape. Positive space is described as the area that subjects and areas of interest, take up. Space can also refer to the feeling of depth. Real space is three-dimensional.

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Texture is the surface quality that can be seen and felt. Textures can be rough, smooth, soft or hard. Textures do not always feel the way they look.

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Value describes the brightness or darkness of a color. Value does not necessarily mean black and white. A gradient is a series of value from lightest to darkest. Photos with value have a wide tonal range between dark and light.

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Forms are three-dimensional shapes expressing length, width, and depth. Spheres, cylinders, boxes, and pyramids are forms. Form in photography should feel 3D. They have great value. You should be able to get a sense of how small, round or big the object is. Lighting and shadows play a huge role in helping a flat shape become a 3D form.

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The distribution of the visual weight of objects, colors, texture, and space.

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The part of the design that catches the viewer’s attention.

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The path the viewer’s eye takes through the work of art, often to focal areas.

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The repeating of an object or symbol all over the work of art.

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The use of several elements of design to hold the viewer’s attention and to guide the viewer’s eye through and around the work of art.

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The feeling of unity created when all parts (sizes, amounts, or number) relate well with each other.

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The feeling of harmony between all parts of the work of art, which creates a sense of completeness.

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Symmetry around a central axis, as in a starfish or a tulip flower.

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The quality of being made up of exactly similar parts facing each other or around an axis.

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Lack of equality or equivalence between parts or aspects of something; lack of symmetry.

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The fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect.

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Existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or concrete existence.

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An increase or decrease in the magnitude of a property (e.g. temperature, pressure, or concentration) observed in passing from one point or moment to another.

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Cool colors include green, blue, and purple, and variations of those three colors.

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One group of colors in the color wheel is associated with the sun, warmth and fire.

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Neutrals such as beige, ivory, taupe, black, gray, and shades of white appear to be without color, but in many applications these hues often have undertones.

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A color that combined with a given color makes white or black.

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Containing or using only one color.

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A helpful way of giving feedback that provides specific, actionable suggestions.

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The practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own.

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Relating to moral principles or the branch of knowledge dealing with these.

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Use subjective when you're talking about an opinion or feeling that is based on an individual's perspective or preferences. Use objective when you're talking about something like an assessment, decision, or report that's unbiased and based solely on the observable or verifiable facts.

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Copyright protects original work, whereas a trademark protects items that distinguish or identify a particular business from another.

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A composition guideline that places your subject in the left or right third of an image, leaving the other two thirds more open.

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Lines that appear in a photograph that have been framed and positioned by the photographer to draw the viewer's eye towards a specific point of interest.

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A ratio of approximately 1.618 to 1. Artists have used this ratio for centuries to create works of art from paintings to architecture.

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The space around and between the subject of an image.

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The subject or areas of interest in an artwork, such as a person's face or figure in a portrait, the objects in a still life painting, or the trees in a landscape painting.

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Illuminate from behind.

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Light that's filtered by something.

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Any form of light that you didn't add to your photo.

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The treatment of light and shade in drawing and painting.

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The dark shape and outline of someone or something visible against a lighter background, especially in dim light.

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A painting, especially an altarpiece, on two hinged wooden panels which may be closed like a book.

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A picture or relief carving on three panels, typically hinged together side by side and used as an altarpiece.

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Two-dimensional views of three-dimensional objects. Orthographic views are created by projecting a view of an object onto a plane which is usually positioned so that it is parallel to one of the planes of the object.

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A type of distortion wherein lines that are straight in real life appear to curve inwards (like the walls of a barrel).

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A form of optical distortion in which straight lines along the edge of a screen or a lens bulge toward the center.

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Aperture refers to the opening of a lens's diaphragm through which light passes.

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A camera setting corresponding to a particular f-number.

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Lens focal length tells us the angle of view—how much of the scene will be captured—and the magnification—how large individual elements will be.

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The distance between the nearest and the furthest objects that give an image judged to be in focus in a camera.

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The visual quality of the out-of-focus areas of a photographic image, especially as rendered by a particular lens.

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Automatic Exposure is when the camera chooses the optimum shutter speed, aperture, ISO and flash settings for your shot.

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Manual mode stands for a full manual control of Aperture and Shutter Speed.

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Often abbreviated A or Av (for aperture value) on a camera mode dial, is a setting on some cameras that allows the user to set a specific aperture value (f-number) while the camera selects a shutter speed.

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Shutter priority (usually denoted as S on the mode dial), also called time value (abbreviated as Tv), refers to a setting on some cameras that allows the user to choose a specific shutter speed while the camera adjusts the aperture to ensure correct exposure.

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The camera still sets the exposure for you. It chooses the correct aperture and shutter speed for the light available, so your shot is correctly exposed. Program mode also unlocks other functions that give you more creative control over your images.

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The time for which a shutter is open at a given setting.

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It allows your shutter speed to be any length you choose: one second, one minute, 17 minutes, or anything else.

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Motion blur is the purposeful streaking or blurring of an object in motion in a photo for visual effect.

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The primary purpose of the tripod is to hold a camera completely steady. The monopod allows a still camera to be held steadier.

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Camera shake is a term used to define the act of accidentally shaking a camera during shooting due to unsteady hands.

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Using a longer than normal shutter speed to blur the moving parts of a scene is referred to as long exposure photography.

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Time-lapse photography is most commonly used to capture slow processes that normally wouldn't be very visible or interesting if being watched with just the human eye.

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Light painting helps you capture light trails by allowing the shutter to stay open for a longer time.

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Panning photography is a technique in photography that uses a slow shutter speed while moving your camera along to create motion blur in the background.

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Burst mode is a camera function that allows you to capture a series of photographs in quick succession. With burst mode activated, you can hold down the shutter button, and your camera will rattle off a set of photos.

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ISO is simply a camera setting that will brighten or darken a photo. As you increase your ISO number, your photos will grow progressively brighter.

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The ASA (American Standards Association) scale is an arbitrary rating of film speed; that is, the sensitivity of the film to light.

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An image sensor is a device that allows the camera to convert photons – that is, light – into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the device.

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The visible silver crystals in a film negative's emulsion.

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The term digital noise refers to visual distortion. Noise looks like tiny colored pixels or specks in your photograph.

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Spot metering allows the camera to measure the light reflected from the person's face and expose properly for that, instead of adjusting exposure for the much brighter light around the hairline.

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Center-weighted average metering works on the assumption that the most important part of the image is probably in the center.

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In photography, painting, and other visual arts, middle gray or middle grey is a tone that is perceptually about halfway between black and white on a lightness scale; in photography and printing, it is typically defined as 18% reflectance in visible light.

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Partial metering covers only the centre 6.2% of the frame in the viewfinder, thus providing precise metering only for the subject.

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The default metering mode on most cameras. It ensures that the camera will automatically adjust to the right exposure setting even when the ambient lighting shows greater contrast.

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A dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.

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A medium tone, one that is neither very dark nor very light.

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The lightest elements in an image.

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A small illustration or portrait photograph which fades into its background without a definite border.

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A brownish tone imparted to a photograph.

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A specific part of the frame where the camera is able to focus on something.

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Bracketing is the general technique of taking several shots of the same subject using different camera settings.

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It shows you what you have set in terms of exposure compensation and/or auto exposure bracketing.

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Exposure compensation is used to alter exposure from the value selected by the camera, making photographs brighter or darker.

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A white balance card (or gray card) helps you adjust the white balance and exposure settings of images by providing a reference point.

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Workspace Switcher displays a visual representation of your workspaces.

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A toolbar is part of a window, often a bar across the top, that contains buttons that execute commands when you click them.

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Palettes are groups of tools used to edit and manipulate your image.

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A narrow section across the screen in a computer program and that shows the names of available operations.

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The Options Bar is the horizontal bar that runs underneath the Menu Bar in Photoshop.