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1918-1919 Eastern Europe to USA and Canada
Reasons for this migration stream include better employment opportunities and also because of the world war!

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They are the positive aspects which attract migrants to a particular destination (e.g. job opportunities, higher wages, friends/family). Perceptions are based on information gathered from various sources.

Economic Factors:
Job Opportunities - In 2005, the UK had an unemployment rate of 5% which attracted over 50,000 Polish migrants.
Higher Wages - GDP was $31,000 in the UK in 2005.
Opportunities for promotion - The movement from small businesses to larger businesses situated in cities such as London.

Social Factors:
Family Links - Often men move and after they become established, his family come to join him (e.g. The West Indian migration to the UK in the 1950's and 1960's).
Education - Young people relocating for university often stay there afterwards for a large proportion of their life.
Retirement - The south coast of the UK is popular for the elderly (e.g. In Eastbourne, 25% of the population is over 65 years old).

Political Factors:
Political Oppression - After World War II, between 1949 and 1961, approximately 2.2 million people migrated from East Germany to West Germany. In response, the East German government constructed the Berlin Wall and a border system to prevent outward migration.
Promoting Immigration - Each year, Canada welcomes 250,000 immigrants.

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Migration tends to involve groups of people moving from a common source region to a similar destination and can be internal or international.
Why do they vary?
Composition of migration streams vary with circumstance. Permanent settlers, refugees, skilled labour, economic migrants or retired would all form different types of streams . They would vary by age, gender, skills or ethinicity.

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1919 - Britain to Australia, South Africa and Canada
After the world wars, emigration from Britain was mainly to commonwealth countries. This was encouraged by their governments. Many migrants provided labour for textile factories, transport, health or steelworks.

Emigration had sharply declined over the course of the First World War. Canada and Australia began trying to encourage Britons for increased immigration. Owing to these efforts, migration gradually increased between 1919 and 1920.

During this time, the British government began implementing schemes of its own – though often in collaboration with the various colonies. A couple of programs were instituted to not only encourage emigration to Australia and Canada, but also to New Zealand, and South Africa as well.

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Illegal migrants- these migrants are unable to fulfil the legal requirements set down by their chosen destination and take the risk to enter illegally.

Economic migrants- a person who has left their country to make money in a different country. They need to work long hours and live in cheap accommodation until they make the money they need, then return home.

Asylum seekers- a person who has left their home in a country where they feel unsafe because of persecution or war. They arrive without the required legal documents to gain entry and ask permission to remain on the basis of torture of death if they return home. They may be held in a holding centre until it is granted.

Refugees- these are a group of people unable to live safety in their home country. These people have limited choice either in the destination or the decision to leave. Movement may occur due to natural disasters war or religious or political discrimination

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Push factors are those negative aspects of the potential migrants current place of residence, these are based on the migrant's perception.

Economic Factors:
Lack of suitable jobs
Low wages.
Uncertain future and job security.
Mechanism of farming = lost/lack of jobs.

Social Factors:
Poor education, so move for better third level education.
In areas of ageing population there may be inadequate medical, educational and recreational opportunities for young families.

Cultural Factors:
Lack of religious, linguistic or cultural freedom.
Political wars or ethnic cleansing.
Migration of ethnic minority's into an area may cause locals to relocate to the suburbs.

Environmental Factors:
Poor farm land, causes people to migrate.
Raising sea level.
People will migrate from areas where natural disasters occur frequently.

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A potential migrant must overcome a number of real or perceived obstacles before they can make a move.

Barriers

1. Cost
- Need to pay for accommodation
- will they have sufficient funds to live until they find a job?

2. Friends and family
- A move may require them to cut ties with friends and family

3. Political
-Laws regarding culture e.g. Women's dress code/place in society in certain Muslim countries may deter them.
-A government can choose to be very selective about immigrants

4 .Cultural
- Are ethnic minorities welcomed or discriminated against?
-Are there enough facilities etc. to allow a person to practise their religion?
- History of racism?

5. Safety
-How safe is it to physically enter a country?
-Racist hate crimes