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Phillis Wheatley's detailed background that you guys might wanna look at..happy reading

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our reading for these two weeks. Do add on your comment based on class discussion about Emily. As for me, I think she is very UNIQUE in her thinking :)

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by Kate Chopin

this is a setting and an action of The shory of an hour
this might help as imagine how the story goes on

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Hello beautiful people..Script is ready..Read and tell me if there is anything we can improvise..

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Summary

Ichabod Crane leaves his home state of Connecticut to accept the position of schoolteacher in Sleepy Hollow. He soon takes an interest in Katrina Van Tassel, the charming, flirtatious daughter of a wealthy Dutch farmer.

Ichabod has less than honorable intentions toward Katrina. He intends to marry her, gain access to her large fortune, and use it for his personal gain. His rival, Brom Bones, loves Katrina for herself and competes with Ichabod for her hand in marriage.

As an outsider and a Yankee, Ichabod is unfamiliar with Sleepy Hollow's superstitions. He hears stories about the Headless Horseman, a Hessian soldier said to have lost his head in a battle not far from town. Gullible Ichabod believes the stories and becomes frightened.

Ichabod attends a party where he dances with Katrina. Afterward, the two speak in private, and Ichabod begins to suspect she's using him to make Brom jealous. While walking home after, Ichabod is pursued the Headless Horseman. Ichabod flees Sleepy Hollow and is never seen or heard from again.

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HAPPY READING ON THIS WEEKEND GIRLS :)

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The story started with a very calm description of the setting, mood and tone of the story. From those explanation, we could imagine how beautiful and peaceful the village is, in which influenced the readers to continue their reading.

RIP VAN WINKLE
- described as a simple good-natured man, kind neighbour andan obedient hen-pecked husband
- has a dog named Wolf
- everyone in the villages loves him
- always ready to attend anybody's business. BUT !!!! for his own family, he never did things right.
- didn't do his family duty or manage him farm
- do nothing profitable to his household
-always be nagged by his wife, which later make him spent his time at the inn

DAME VAN WINKLE
- being upset and angry towards his husband makes her always pecking on him
- described as a typical antagonist character

SYMBOLISM
- EAGLE is a symbol of freedom in America
- POTRAIT OF MAJESTY GEORGE portrayed Rip's time before he fall asleep as the time where America was colonized by the England
- DAME symbolizes oppression. This was shown by her character that is very strong even though she was not there. Her character was only used as a reference. The oppression was shown through the image of King George at the inn and also by looking on how Rip was nagged by Dame for not working at the farm. However, after 20 year, Dame had passed away which reflects the idea that America also had gained its freedom. People lived happily in contrast to the previous setting.

On what aspect can we consider RIP VAN WINKLE as an American Gothicism?
1. natural landscape
2. supernatural elements
3. inaffected hero

Why FRAMING was used?
- to emphasize the history of America to the young American. It is somehow a kind of prolonged story like Don Quivote

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THE PURGE OF NATIVE AMERICANS (Additional Info) 

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THE PURGE OF NATIVE AMERICANS (Additional Info) 

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*Note: Since all these notes were taken  from three videos, I tried to attach the videos here but it seems that the videos are too large.

During the inevitable event, the multiplying millions across the continents by John O'Sullivan, nearly 400 treaties were negotiated with the Indians by the United States Government. In 120 of those treaties, the government promised to furnish schools and teachers to educate Indian students in exchange for millions of acres of land. Many of those treaties designated smaller areas of land as reservation.

"The Americans were brutalizing the Indians emotionally, physically, spiritually and psychologically"

There were 3 ways taken by the US government to 'purge' the Native Americans from their lands:

Geographical Removal
They were forced to move out of their own land, further west to the Mississippi while the government claimed the land as theirs. "Free land" was like a magnet that attracted the white men to take over the Indian territory.

Military Subjugation
After the Civil War, there was a short period of time which the White Americans used to execute a military subjugation on the Indians. Some in the military thought 'genocide' was justifiable. They assumed the only good Indian is a dead Indian. Fortunately, the demise of the seventh cavalry convinced the federal government that military subjugation is not going to work since they cannot just kill them all.

Education
Initially, the education in Indian tribes such as Cherokee was established to create awareness and to avoid pitfalls that may endangered tribal sovereignty and autonomy. In 19th Century however, the government came out with the third solution which is the new education to the Native Americans. It is conducted in a boarding school; federally supported school. It is to integrate Indians to become white and convert them to western ideologies.They were forced to accept and practice the white men's culture.  This education is a complete mandatory to them or else, they would be killed. The boarding school is like a prison-like setting. It has large fences, guard houses, jail to place the children and military-like dormitory.

When they first enter the school, the first thing the school did to them was to change their appearance. Bang hair or hair at the back was not allowed so they cut them. Their hair were cut in public  to demoralize and dehumanize them. Of course the Indians felt terrible because it is their tradition to keep long hair. They were given new Christian names. Their clothes were taken away and they were given uniforms which were organized by military regiments. The next thing is they went through a process of 'culturation' where everything natives were stripped away. In a strict manner, they were told not to speak Navajo at all  and they never speak their language ever since. All medicine and foods they brought along with them were thrown away. If they refused to follow these rules, they would be punished;

humiliation- wearing dunce hat in public

mouthwash with soap

stuffed in a dark closet for a certain period

Since then,  all their aspects of life have been killed and removed. They lost their identity since their native languages were eliminated, feed with the white men's food, dressed in the white men's clothes and much more. It was a complete eradication of their culture.

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Lecture Notes: Native American (13/02/17)

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Lecture Notes: Native American (13/02/17)

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Brief History

There were no exact definition ever stated of who is Native American, but they were known as indigenous people in North America.

They inhabit America thousands years ago.

12,000 years ago, there were mass migration to the Alaska.

Today, there are 566 legally recognized tribal government in the US. They are Cherokee (largest tribe) and Navajo (second large).

Religion

They have their own belief system and rituals before anyone made contact with them.

They believed in master spirit, the afterlife, spirit of the land that protect them and etc.

The Navajo

Tribe from Southwestern, US

2nd biggest tribe in America

Call themselves as Dineh

The Long Walk of Navajo

1. Approximately 9000 Navajo people were forced to walk from their land in modern day Arizona (which is very dry and hot) to New Mexico.

2. There were 53 different forced marches took place.

3. It is very traumatic for Navajo people since there lots of people died in that tragic event.

Navajo Night Chant

1. 9 days religious ceremony observed in late autumn or winter in Arizona

2. dates back to 1000 BC (even before the time of Prophet Musa A.S)

3. Purpose?:

as healing rituals to those who are sick

to restore balance in the universe and in the relationships between the living things.

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As a holiday, Thanksgiving began in 1637 when it was proclaimed by governor John Winthrop of the Massachusetts Bay Colony to celebrate the safe return of the men who had gone to fight against the Pequot in Mystic, Conn. The fighting led to the enslavement and massacre of over 700 men, women, and children from the New England-based tribe, a bloody precursor to what would be centuries of strife for native peoples in the U.S. Read more on http://archive.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/2014/11/26/national-day-mourning-reflects-thanksgiving-horrific-bloody-history/I4gK8GwU9r2JtJnpyjGWhM/story.html

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