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Explain the threats to a named coastal ecosystem.                                                              ZAINAL WONG & JIMMY STANDING

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Explain the threats to a named coastal ecosystem.                                                              ZAINAL WONG & JIMMY STANDING

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Mangroves are a common coastal ecosystem that are mainly observed on the coast of countries in tropical sub-continents. Mangroves provide rich biodiversity which includes many species of crab, fish and other small living organisms. Mangroves can help protect vulnerable coasts from naturally occurring disasters such as floods and Tsunamis. These mangroves however are under constant threat from economic development. For example, in Bangladesh, where many coastal activities threaten to kill many of the species living in the mangroves.

People also like to use mangroves for timber and fuel which involves deforestation, causing pollution and therefore threatening the wildlife within the ecosystem. There is also a list of other threats to consider. Great biodiversity means that people wish to clear mangroves to fish for shrimps and crabs, and as populations increase, demand for large scale clearance of mangroves to reach these fisheries will increase.

Mangroves are also cleared to make room for housing, retail and commercial developments as many economies grow. Not only does this harm the wildlife, it also removes valuable coastal protection from natural disasters, and weakens the soil underneath the removed mangroves.

Bangladesh has established a Coastal Zone Policy, in which the government takes advantage of how mangroves protect coasts and stabilise shores

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There are many threats to mangroves. One of the biggest threats to mangroves is deforestation. In Sunderban, many companies are clearing mangrove plants in order to create more space for industrial development and infrastructural development as well. This has caused organic and inorganic chemicals to leach into the mangrove ecosystem, which may kill fauna and flora in the area. In addition, countries will not be able to generate income from tourism of mangrove ecosystems. Human intervention has also played a part by the overfishing of numerous species of fish, the destruction of mangroves, the diversion of freshwater sources. Since most mangroves mainly survive in saline conditions, the diversion of freshwater will kill the mangroves. By overfishing, it disrupts the sustainability of the food chain in Sunderban, which may ultimately affect economic development in the long run.

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Example: Mangroves in Bangladesh
Mangroves located in India and Bangladesh are the prime example of threats to an ecosystem. It provides protection for people from natural disasters, helps nearly 60 mammal species and 5 million human beings
which are endangered. Also, they supply loads of food to the area such as shrimps and fish.

This has been changing due to the rapid growth of the population, which caused some occupation of land to build buildings and residential areas. Also, deforestation caused climate change and pollution(industrial, air, water) in the area. Tourism and overfishing are also main causes of threats, as they kill the natural habitats in the mangroves and disrupt the ecosystem.

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The mangrove forest located in Bangladesh is threatened due to the clearance of large swathes of the mangrove forest to allow for the agriculture of shrimps and fish. Shrimps are a valuable export, while fish provides a staple food source for the Bangladeshi people. This agricultural priority leads to a lot of the mangrove forest being destroyed.

A booming economic sector leads to a large amount of pollution being thrown into the coastline. This pollution can destroy the ecosystem in the area, which could damage the population of mangroves in the area.

A need for timber leads to large amounts of deforestation, which would lead to the destruction of mangroves for their valuable wood.

Due to deforestation, pollution and agriculture, mangrove forests are destroyed

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Explain the threats to a named coastal ecosystem  Dennis and Perry

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Explain the threats to a named coastal ecosystem  Dennis and Perry

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Example: Mangroves such as the Sundarbans located in Bangladesh could face threats due to climate change. The rise of sea level and also climate change could alter their way of survival.

Another threat to mangroves are that there is pollution. Since a lot of industries use oil and cause water pollution. The oil will suffocate the mangrove plants when their roots are blocked and cannot take in enough air.

Aquaculture is another threat to mangroves because lots of farmers use chemicals such as antibiotics to grow more shrimps and keep them healthy. These chemicals contaminate the water that mangroves grow in and they affect the way that they grow.

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Sundarban mangrove forest is located in Bangladesh, southern part of India. It is the largest mangrove forest and supports 3.2 million people and 55 mammals species including the endangered Bangladesh forest. The mangroves take an important role in supplying food and income to people living in coastal areas from the abundant supply of fish, shrimps and crabs.

However, due to the rapid growth of population living in coastal areas, the mangrove forest is urgently facing threat from over-fishing. As mangroves are a good source of firewood, people tend to chop down the mangroves for cooking and other domestic purposes. In terms of economic aspect, due to the coastline development such as housings and growth of manufacturing factories, it leads to deforestation, oil spill, conversion of land use and industrial and organic pollution. The number of mangroves forest is significantly decreasing in the recent years. In addition, mangrove forests are damaged due to the recent natural disasters such as tsunami and earthquakes in India.

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The surface of our world is covered by 50.2 million hectares of mangroves which protect humans and settlements living on the coast by acting as a barrier to storms and large incoming waves. The largest mangrove on our planet is situated on the western coast of India and Bangladesh. It’s name is Sunderban and it covers 1330 square KM of India.

This mangrove is being affected by factors such as deforestation, overfishing (mass shrimp farming), destruction of coral reefs (offers protection from incoming waves) and pollution (spread of agricultural runoff such as fertiliser and pesticides). Furthermore, the extraction of mangroves in order to build more settlements to accommodate the rise in the population is a big threat. Dams and irrigation have reduced the amount of water reaching the mangroves. This has resulted to either not enough water therefore letting the mangroves die out or too much river water in comparison to seawater. This overworks the mangroves leading them to die.

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Explain the threats to a named coastal ecosystem.                                                              ZAINAL WONG & JIMMY STANDING

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Explain the threats to a named coastal ecosystem.                                                              ZAINAL WONG & JIMMY STANDING

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Mangroves are a common coastal ecosystem that are mainly observed on the coast of countries in tropical sub-continents. Mangroves provide rich biodiversity which includes many species of crab, fish and other small living organisms. Mangroves can help protect vulnerable coasts from naturally occurring disasters such as floods and Tsunamis. These mangroves however are under constant threat from economic development. For example, in Bangladesh, where many coastal activities threaten to kill many of the species living in the mangroves.

People also like to use mangroves for timber and fuel which involves deforestation, causing pollution and therefore threatening the wildlife within the ecosystem. There is also a list of other threats to consider. Great biodiversity means that people wish to clear mangroves to fish for shrimps and crabs, and as populations increase, demand for large scale clearance of mangroves to reach these fisheries will increase.

Mangroves are also cleared to make room for housing, retail and commercial developments as many economies grow. Not only does this harm the wildlife, it also removes valuable coastal protection from natural disasters, and weakens the soil underneath the removed mangroves.

Bangladesh has established a Coastal Zone Policy, in which the government takes advantage of how mangroves protect coasts and stabilise shores

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- Deforestation from demand for wood as locals wants more land as well as deforestation of redwoods for shelter, fuel, and food.
-Climate change as rising sea levels might start to submerge the Sunderbans which is relatively low-lying
-Economic development as more land will be required for the development of more residential buildings and economic centers
-Unknown land claims, no clear ownership of land in Sunderbans as well as lack of government protection for the area
-Tourism as tourist might want to leave their mark on the land, therefore damaging the mangroves as well as leaving rubbish and trash everywhere, contaminating the waters
-Overfishing causes issue with the Sunderbans as damaging the food chains inside the ecosystem