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Essential Oils may be produced by several different methods. The primary methods of extraction of the volatile oil are steam distillation, expression and maceration. There is also solvent extraction methods. Each of these methods will be looked at below.

The
Steam Distillation process of extracting essential oils involves placing quantities of plant materials in a large container of water. This water and plant mixture is then brought to a boil and steam is produced. Distilling Lavender oil is the preferred method for Lavender oil extraction.

In Lavender oil distillation the essential volatile plant oils are carried by the steam through a cooler (the coil) where it condenses. This liquid made up of plant oils and water is collected. The essential oils are floating on top of the water in a thin film and must be separated.

Not all of the produced essential oils can be captured from the liquid. The water and oil that remains after the process is finished is known as a hydrosol. Do not confuse it with a floral water. True hydrosols are the resultant byproduct that comes from the steam distillation process.

This method is used for distilling Lavender as well as many other plants. Learn more about making Lavender essential oil at home using this distillation process for Lavender oil production.

Essential Oils can be produced or extracted using the Expression method. This method is used for those plant materials that contain essential oils in larger oil sacs. The plant oils are squeezed from the plant materials and collected for use and filtered. Citrus fruit essential oils such as orange, lemon, lime are examples of the types of plant materials where the expression method is used as a means of extraction.

Maceration is used as a means of extraction of plant essences. This method does not produce pure essential oils but rather 'carrier oils' which "carry" the plant essential oils along with them wherever they are applied.

In the maceration method of extraction quantities of plant materials are collected and chopped. This plant material is placed into a a container of another oil such as olive or sunflower oil. This mixture is then allowed to sit for a period of time and agitated and mixed periodically.

After some time has passed the macerated plant material is removed and the oil is filtered and strained of any remaining plant particles. The resulting oil is now infused with and contains the plant's essential oil molecules.

Have you ever made rosemary or basil flavored olive oil by placing leaves into a bottle of oil? This is the maceration method only on a much smaller scale. Learn how to make Lavender oil at home with this simple recipe.

Examples of plants using the maceration method of extraction are Calendula, Carrot, and Hypericum (St. John's Wort.)

Some plants have much smaller oil sacs which means collection and extraction of the plant oil is much more difficult. Some of these flowers and plants are also more fragile and delicate and their fragrances are easily damaged by using the steam distillation method.

These fragile plants that have volatile oil in smaller quantities where it is much harder to extract their fragrance use the solvent extraction method for producing fragrance oil.

In the solvent method the Lavender flowers or other plant material is collected and placed into a rotating drum container along with a chemical solvent. The drum is rotated allowing the mixing and penetration into the materials. The Lavender plant material sits in this solvent (Hexane) and the plant essence, color and plant wax is released. The solvent is allowed to evaporate and leaves a substance which is called concrete. This concrete is made up of the residual plant materials, pigment and fragrant essence.

Alcohol is used to filter away the plant waxes from the oils. To do this the alcohol is distilled away and recycled leaving what is known as an The word 'Absolute' will be seen on the bottle of the oils produced using this type of chemical extraction method.

The resulting Lavender essence is not a pure essential oil because there is a 2 - 3% solvent residue in the bottled oil. The absolute is a much more concentrated fragrance than those produced using other methods.

Examples of plants whose oil is extracted using this solvent method of extraction are Rose and Jasmine. This type of extraction may be used for other herbs and plants as well because of the higher concentration of fragrance it is able to capture.

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METHODS OF PRODUCING ESSENTIAL OILS - A Look at the Different Extraction Methods

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Essential Oils may be produced by several different methods. The primary methods of extraction of the volatile oil are steam distillation, expression and maceration. There is also solvent extraction methods. Each of these methods will be looked at below. The Steam Distillation process of extracting essential oils involves placing quantities of plant materials in a large container of water.

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Some methods of extracting essential oils have been around for thousands of years while others are still being proven. The section will give you an understanding of the different methods!
What are the Methods of Extracting Essential Oils?
There are many different ways to extract essential oils and they are listed below:

Enfleurage

Expressed Oils

Steam Distillation

Solvent Extraction

Fractional Distillation and Percolation

Carbon Dioxide Extraction

Phytonic Process

What is Enfleurage?
Enfleurage is one of the oldest methods of extracting essential oils and is rarely used these days because of its high cost. It involves placing the flower petals on a layer of glass that is first spread with a thin layer of fat called "chassis". The volatile oil diffuses into the fat, then the fat is collected and the oil is extracted from the fat using alcohol.

Once the alcohol evaporates what is left behind is called the absolute. As you can imagine, this is a very time consuming process, but it was the only way to extract delicate flowers like Jasmine for a very long time!
What is Expression of Oils?
When oils are taken from the rind of fruits they are called "expressed oils". This method is cold and does not involve any solvents or heat of any kind. Most of the citrus oils are extracted in this manner including grapefruit, lime, orange and lemon essential oils.

These are not technically considered essential oils for this reason, but they are still definitely therapeutic oils. The most important thing to consider with cold pressed oils is the source of the crop since citrus fruits are constantly sprayed with pesticides and it can be very concentrated in the oil!
What is Involved in Steam Distilling Essential Oils?
Steam distillation has been used for hundreds of years and today remains one of the most favorably methods of extracting essential oils. Technically speaking if it not extracted using steam distillation or cold expression it is not a therapeutic grade essential oil.

There are actually three different steam processes that are described further in the distilling section. But in all of the methods, steam is used to rupture the oil membranes in the plant and release the essential oil.

The steam carries the essential oil to a condenser and then as it re-liquefies the lighter essential oil floats on top. The water and oil is then separated and the water portion is referred to as the hydrosol, hydrolat, or flower or floral water. And the oil portion, of course, is the essential oil!

The essential oil distilling equipment including the condenser, separator and cooking chambers can all have an enormous impact on the quality of the oil. As well as, the distillation temperature and pressure! And even if everything appears correct, the process can still produce oils that don't meet the AFNOR Standards. So essential oil distillers must have the knowledge and expertise to know how to produce therapeutic grade essential oils.

Are you interested in learning more about steam distillation? Then click here!

Experience Methods of Extracting Essential Oils Continued

What is Solvent Extraction?
Solvent extraction is a method of extracting essential oils that is dominated by the perfume industry. And technically does not produce therapeutic grade oils because chemicals such as hexane, acetone, di-methylene-chloride and others are used in the process!
Did you know that the plant material is actually immersed into the solvents to become a thick substance called "concrete"?
The oil particles are released when the concrete substance is then mixed with alcohol. Once it is separated out, the chemicals remain in the oil and the oil is used by the perfume industry. These are perfume or aromatherapy grade oils and are not therapeutic grade!

As you can see this is process requires far less time and expense because the oil is cut with solvents and can increase the oil production volume significantly.
Are these the oils that are used in bath oils and gels, candles, shampoos, toothpaste, fly spray, and air fresheners?
Yup, you got it! These are also the 98% of the oils sold in health food stores, retail outlets and aromatherapy suppliers!
What is Percolation and Fractional Distillation?
Fractional distillation separates the volatile oil in different fractions or portions at various boiling points. This is used in oil refineries for distillation of petroleum products and is not suited for therapeutic grade essential oils.

Percolation is one of the newer methods of extraction essential oils. It is similar to normal distillation but the equipment is literally upside down! It has been used successfully in France; however sometimes an emulsion is produced that can not be separated out, so until it can be further developed you will not see it on a large scale.
What is Super Critical Fluid Extraction? (Carbon Dioxide Extraction)
Super critical fluid extraction or carbon dioxide extraction is also a fairly new solvent extraction process that uses carbon dioxide at very high pressure. The carbon dioxide is injected into the tank where the plant material is contained and acts as a solvent to extract the oil.

The carbon dioxide is colorless and odorless liquid and can be completely removed which is a good thing; however, there is no research at this point to verify if there are any effects of using this procedure.

Additionally, the distilling equipment is extremely expensive. So until more is known about this process, it is advised to use only steam distilled and expressed oils!
What is the Phytonic Process?
The Phytonic process is a one of the newest methods of extracting essential oils using non-CFCs (non-chlorofluorocarbons). It is also called Florasol Extraction and the oils are referred to as phytols.
What Else is There to Know about Methods of Extracting Essential Oils?
Well, if this section spurred your interest definitely read the section on steam distillation. I will give you some examples of ideal pressures and temperatures for distilling several oils, and tell you other ways that distillers adulterate their oils! So check it out!

I hope this section on methods of extracting essential oils, gave you an understanding on why using therapeutic grade essential oils are so important.

The perfume grade oils still contain a portion of the solvent and are only for fragrance so please do be careful.

Return from Methods of Extracting Essential Oils to Oil Facts

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Methods of Extracting Essential Oils - History or Modern Technology?

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Unauthorized copying or use of any of our copyrighted material may result in both criminal and civil action.

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Solvent extraction used to obtain botanical essential oil.

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The entire content of this website is copyrighted - including text, photographs, logos, metatags etc., and no part whatsoever may be copied and used - privately, for educational purposes or publishing or for commercial application - without the written permission of Sallamander Concepts (Pty) Ltd.

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Advantages and disadvantages of ecoction

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There are many ways to extract oils from plants. However, cold pressed oil is unique - it's environmentally friendly and doesn't require heat or chemicals when made. You can create many commonly consumed oils, including soybean, hemp, flaxseed, olive and corn oils, using cold press extraction.

Tip

Cold pressed oil is made using a machine known as an oil press. The oil extraction process must occur at a temperature of 49 degrees Celsius (120 degrees Fahrenheit) or lower.

What Is Cold Pressed Oil?

Cold pressed oil is made using a method known as cold press extraction. The cold press oil extraction method is done using an oilseed press, like many other oils. However, it's unique because it involves no additional chemical solvents or heat.

In fact, the Penn State University Extension says cold pressed oil extraction specifically requires the entire process to occur at 49 C (120 F) or less. Given the strict temperature requirement, cold pressed oil extraction is a fairly slow process. Any oil that is produced using an oilseed press that doesn't meet this strict temperature requirement is usually known as pressed or expeller pressed oil.

However, other countries have different requirements for their cold pressed oils. For example, the British Association of Cold Pressed Oil Producers (BACPOP) says cold pressed oils that adhere to their standards are produced at 40 C (104 F) or lower. If you buy imported olive oils or other products, be aware that these oils may be cold pressed at slightly different temperatures.

Common cold pressed oils include:

Unfortunately, not all oils can be produced through cold pressed extraction. The moisture content of a nut or seed can affect whether or not oil can be produced with this method. For example, Brazil nuts and tomato seeds both have a high moisture content. These and other plants with high moisture contents require more heat for the oil to be extracted properly.

Benefits of Cold Pressed Oil

According to the Penn State University Extension and a December 2018 study in the Ukrainian Food Journal, oil produced using the cold pressed extraction method is thought to be more environmentally friendly compared to oil made with other methods. This is primarily because it doesn't involve any additional chemicals. Chemicals are typically used to improve the total quantity of oil that can be extracted from a plant.

Cold pressed oil is also thought to have increased nutritional and health benefits. These oils are typically rich in vitamin E and monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids.

A May 2014 study in the Journal of the American Oil Chemical Society reported that certain cold pressed oils can have an increased amount of antioxidants. BACPOP also states that cold pressed oil has a better shelf life than other oils, which means that it's less likely to go rancid.

However, these benefits don't mean that cold pressed oil is necessarily the healthiest cooking oil. Whether or not your cold pressed oil is the healthiest cooking oil depends on the plant it came from and other processing factors.

What you intend to use the oil for is also a major determining factor. Cold pressed oils can almost always be used to make salad dressings and dips. However, the smoke point of certain oils may be affected by the cold press extraction process.

According to the Mayo Clinic, you should only cook with oils that have a medium or high smoke point. If you cook with oils that have a low smoke point, your oil is likely to start smoking (which means it's burning and losing its nutritional value).

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What Is Cold Pressed Oil? | Livestrong.com

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There are many ways to extract oils from plants. However, cold pressed oil is unique - it's environmentally friendly and doesn't require heat or chemicals when made. You can create many commonly consumed oils, including soybean, hemp, flaxseed, olive and corn oils, using cold press extraction.

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Essential Oils may be produced by several different methods. The primary methods of extraction of the volatile oil are steam distillation, expression and maceration. There is also solvent extraction methods. Each of these methods will be looked at below.

The
Steam Distillation process of extracting essential oils involves placing quantities of plant materials in a large container of water. This water and plant mixture is then brought to a boil and steam is produced. Distilling Lavender oil is the preferred method for Lavender oil extraction.

In Lavender oil distillation the essential volatile plant oils are carried by the steam through a cooler (the coil) where it condenses. This liquid made up of plant oils and water is collected. The essential oils are floating on top of the water in a thin film and must be separated.

Not all of the produced essential oils can be captured from the liquid. The water and oil that remains after the process is finished is known as a hydrosol. Do not confuse it with a floral water. True hydrosols are the resultant byproduct that comes from the steam distillation process.

This method is used for distilling Lavender as well as many other plants. Learn more about making Lavender essential oil at home using this distillation process for Lavender oil production.

Essential Oils can be produced or extracted using the Expression method. This method is used for those plant materials that contain essential oils in larger oil sacs. The plant oils are squeezed from the plant materials and collected for use and filtered. Citrus fruit essential oils such as orange, lemon, lime are examples of the types of plant materials where the expression method is used as a means of extraction.

Maceration is used as a means of extraction of plant essences. This method does not produce pure essential oils but rather 'carrier oils' which "carry" the plant essential oils along with them wherever they are applied.

In the maceration method of extraction quantities of plant materials are collected and chopped. This plant material is placed into a a container of another oil such as olive or sunflower oil. This mixture is then allowed to sit for a period of time and agitated and mixed periodically.

After some time has passed the macerated plant material is removed and the oil is filtered and strained of any remaining plant particles. The resulting oil is now infused with and contains the plant's essential oil molecules.

Have you ever made rosemary or basil flavored olive oil by placing leaves into a bottle of oil? This is the maceration method only on a much smaller scale. Learn how to make Lavender oil at home with this simple recipe.

Examples of plants using the maceration method of extraction are Calendula, Carrot, and Hypericum (St. John's Wort.)

Some plants have much smaller oil sacs which means collection and extraction of the plant oil is much more difficult. Some of these flowers and plants are also more fragile and delicate and their fragrances are easily damaged by using the steam distillation method.

These fragile plants that have volatile oil in smaller quantities where it is much harder to extract their fragrance use the solvent extraction method for producing fragrance oil.

In the solvent method the Lavender flowers or other plant material is collected and placed into a rotating drum container along with a chemical solvent. The drum is rotated allowing the mixing and penetration into the materials. The Lavender plant material sits in this solvent (Hexane) and the plant essence, color and plant wax is released. The solvent is allowed to evaporate and leaves a substance which is called concrete. This concrete is made up of the residual plant materials, pigment and fragrant essence.

Alcohol is used to filter away the plant waxes from the oils. To do this the alcohol is distilled away and recycled leaving what is known as an The word 'Absolute' will be seen on the bottle of the oils produced using this type of chemical extraction method.

The resulting Lavender essence is not a pure essential oil because there is a 2 - 3% solvent residue in the bottled oil. The absolute is a much more concentrated fragrance than those produced using other methods.

Examples of plants whose oil is extracted using this solvent method of extraction are Rose and Jasmine. This type of extraction may be used for other herbs and plants as well because of the higher concentration of fragrance it is able to capture.

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METHODS OF PRODUCING ESSENTIAL OILS - A Look at the Different Extraction Methods

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Essential Oils may be produced by several different methods. The primary methods of extraction of the volatile oil are steam distillation, expression and maceration. There is also solvent extraction methods. Each of these methods will be looked at below. The Steam Distillation process of extracting essential oils involves placing quantities of plant materials in a large container of water.

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The process of steam distillation is one of several methods that allows you to extract the essential oil from plants. This technique of oil extraction is the main method used in the fragrance and essential oil industry, because it has the advantage of being the most efficient and cost-effective, and preserves the integrity of the plant oils. The process requires some skill and investment in equipment.

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Advantages & Disadvantages of Steam Distillation | LEAFtv

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The process of steam distillation is one of several methods that allows you to extract the essential oil from plants. This technique of oil extraction is the main method used in the fragrance and essential oil industry, because it has the advantage of being the most efficient and cost-effective, and preserves the integrity of the plant oils.

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Essential Oils may be produced by several different methods. The primary methods of extraction of the volatile oil are steam distillation, expression and maceration. There is also solvent extraction methods. Each of these methods will be looked at below.

The
Steam Distillation process of extracting essential oils involves placing quantities of plant materials in a large container of water. This water and plant mixture is then brought to a boil and steam is produced. Distilling Lavender oil is the preferred method for Lavender oil extraction.

In Lavender oil distillation the essential volatile plant oils are carried by the steam through a cooler (the coil) where it condenses. This liquid made up of plant oils and water is collected. The essential oils are floating on top of the water in a thin film and must be separated.

Not all of the produced essential oils can be captured from the liquid. The water and oil that remains after the process is finished is known as a hydrosol. Do not confuse it with a floral water. True hydrosols are the resultant byproduct that comes from the steam distillation process.

This method is used for distilling Lavender as well as many other plants. Learn more about making Lavender essential oil at home using this distillation process for Lavender oil production.

Essential Oils can be produced or extracted using the Expression method. This method is used for those plant materials that contain essential oils in larger oil sacs. The plant oils are squeezed from the plant materials and collected for use and filtered. Citrus fruit essential oils such as orange, lemon, lime are examples of the types of plant materials where the expression method is used as a means of extraction.

Maceration is used as a means of extraction of plant essences. This method does not produce pure essential oils but rather 'carrier oils' which "carry" the plant essential oils along with them wherever they are applied.

In the maceration method of extraction quantities of plant materials are collected and chopped. This plant material is placed into a a container of another oil such as olive or sunflower oil. This mixture is then allowed to sit for a period of time and agitated and mixed periodically.

After some time has passed the macerated plant material is removed and the oil is filtered and strained of any remaining plant particles. The resulting oil is now infused with and contains the plant's essential oil molecules.

Have you ever made rosemary or basil flavored olive oil by placing leaves into a bottle of oil? This is the maceration method only on a much smaller scale. Learn how to make Lavender oil at home with this simple recipe.

Examples of plants using the maceration method of extraction are Calendula, Carrot, and Hypericum (St. John's Wort.)

Some plants have much smaller oil sacs which means collection and extraction of the plant oil is much more difficult. Some of these flowers and plants are also more fragile and delicate and their fragrances are easily damaged by using the steam distillation method.

These fragile plants that have volatile oil in smaller quantities where it is much harder to extract their fragrance use the solvent extraction method for producing fragrance oil.

In the solvent method the Lavender flowers or other plant material is collected and placed into a rotating drum container along with a chemical solvent. The drum is rotated allowing the mixing and penetration into the materials. The Lavender plant material sits in this solvent (Hexane) and the plant essence, color and plant wax is released. The solvent is allowed to evaporate and leaves a substance which is called concrete. This concrete is made up of the residual plant materials, pigment and fragrant essence.

Alcohol is used to filter away the plant waxes from the oils. To do this the alcohol is distilled away and recycled leaving what is known as an The word 'Absolute' will be seen on the bottle of the oils produced using this type of chemical extraction method.

The resulting Lavender essence is not a pure essential oil because there is a 2 - 3% solvent residue in the bottled oil. The absolute is a much more concentrated fragrance than those produced using other methods.

Examples of plants whose oil is extracted using this solvent method of extraction are Rose and Jasmine. This type of extraction may be used for other herbs and plants as well because of the higher concentration of fragrance it is able to capture.

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METHODS OF PRODUCING ESSENTIAL OILS - A Look at the Different Extraction Methods

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Essential Oils may be produced by several different methods. The primary methods of extraction of the volatile oil are steam distillation, expression and maceration. There is also solvent extraction methods. Each of these methods will be looked at below. The Steam Distillation process of extracting essential oils involves placing quantities of plant materials in a large container of water.

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A therapeutic-grade essential oil is one that is complete in its chemical constituents that is originally from the source.

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Simple, no complex equipment , controlled recovery, large selectivity and flexibility

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- Pre-concentration step is required
- Pull out the chlorophyll and other plant tissue, resulting in a highly colored or thick/viscous extract
https://naha.org/?/explore-aromatherapy/about-aromatherapy/how-are-essential-oils-extracted/

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Solvent extraction is particularly suitable for botanical material that has a very low yield of essential oil, rose petals and jasmine blossoms, or where it is made up of mostly resinous components and as such delivers a far finer fragrance than that of distillation.

Non-volatile components of the botanical material - such as waxes and pigments are also extracted instead of removed when using another process.

http://essentialoils.co.za/solvent-extraction.htm

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Cold pressed oils retain all of their flavour, aroma, and nutritional value, making these oils great for all cooking and skin care requirements. They contain zero grams of trans fatty acids and are naturally cholesterol-free.
http://www.proteco.com.au/cold-pressing-explained/

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Qn 2 Any botanical material that contains high amounts of esters do not take well to this extraction method, since the extended exposure to hot water will start to break down the esters to the resultant alcohols and carboxylic acids.

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Qn 2 Any botanical material that contains high amounts of esters do not take well to this extraction method, since the extended exposure to hot water will start to break down the esters to the resultant alcohols and carboxylic acids.

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Q7. Chemical components are not denatured because it is treated at room temperature compared to steam distillation which needs heat.
http://www.pallasathenesoap.com/articles/Scent.pdf

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Produce more environmental friendly oil
http://www.livestrong.com/article/145529-what-is-cold-pressed-oil/

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High temperature may alter compounds. Thermal degradation may occur.

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Highly concentrated & pure. Low amount of solvent left behind. For fragile distillates.

https://naha.org/?/explore-aromatherapy/about-aromatherapy/how-are-essential-oils-extracted/

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Distillation involves boiling of water at high temperature which kills bacteria present in the plant 🌿

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- can be done at reduced pressure (under vacuum) to reduce temperature to less than 100 degrees celsius -> beneficial in protecting botanical material & essential oil (e.g neroli oil)
- high yield of essential oil
-good recovery of constiuents

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Distillation (boiling with water) permits processing of finely powdered material or plant parts that, by contact with live steam,
would otherwise form lumps through which the steam cannot penetrate.

http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/extraction_methods_natural_essential_oil.pdf

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Q6) Cold pressed oil generally spoils more quickly than other extraction methods

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- simple process
- no need for special or toxic solvents
- simple apparatus
- afforadable for most

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Q6)
- more expensive method
- essential oil quality affected as a result of hydrolysis, the dissolution of oxygenated compounds and the transport of microorganism

https://www.google.com.sg/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://www.springer.com/cda/content/document/cda_downloaddocument/9783319084480-c2.pdf%3FSGWID%3D0-0-45-1470217-p176811685&ved=0ahUKEwjqxMaUq-vRAhVHVRoKHSUEA1sQFgh2MAk&usg=AFQjCNEwF-OWJWeIao4njIrbE4rLVg2aJg&sig2=eiDIsg6DAPbdmZD2uGcEwA

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Easy and simple to use

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Absence of heat.
Reason:
Does not damage the oil.

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it does not completely remove impurities  https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070805193321AAn2G7b

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High quality of oil produced.
This process ensures that the resulting oil is 100% pure and retains all the properties of the plant.
https://www.enaissance.co.uk/mobile/cold-pressing-method

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Q7. To allow higher concentration to be capture as compared to expression. These can used in herb and plants.
http://everything-lavender.com/methods-of-producing-essential-oils.html

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Q7. this process requires far less time and expense because the oil is cut with solvents and can increase the oil production volume significantly.

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Q7. this process requires far less time and expense because the oil is cut with solvents and can increase the oil production volume significantly.

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Jin

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Emulsion formation

http://katonyfoods.blogspot.sg/2008/08/advantages-and-disadvantages-of.html?m=1

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- poor selectivity of most solvents
http://web.ist.utl.pt/ist11061/fidel/flaves/sec5/sec53.html
- does not produce therapeutic grade oils (usually made from organically grown plants distilled at the proper temperatures by steam distillation, 100% pure of contaminants) because chemicals are used in the process
http://www.experience-essential-oils.com/methods-of-extracting-essential-oils.html
http://www.thelittleessentials.com/differences-between-essential-oil-grades/

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Equipment requires more manual labour and is difficult to clean as leftover paste from the previous extraction would contaminate the next batch

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The solvents can never be completely eliminated

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q2: High pressure and temperature will destroy plant's fragile substances

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- Higher initial cost for investment in the equipment needed to execute the process successfully.
- Require some initial training in order to operate the equipment, and you must take care in conducting the process because you’re working with high temperatures, a heat source, pressurized containers and volatile oils.

-A final hidden cost to the process is the cost of maintaining and repairing your equipment.

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Not many compounds can be distilled with steam mostly only for aromatic compounds
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_distillation

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Steam distillation allows you to control the temperature and amount of steam you apply to the plant material. Keeping the temperature right at the boiling point of water allows for the least amount of degradation to delicate botanical oils.
Eg. Lavender Oil (thermolabile)
Link: https://www.leaf.tv/articles/advantages-disadvantages-of-steam-distillation/

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Can be applied to essential oils that are not damaged by long contact with hot water. Produce higher yield

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Tan Li Ying . 👋😁
Q2: Disadvantage
It will leave a burnt smell, create tar build up and impairment of odour.

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Most of the solvents used are highly toxic. Examples: hexane, petroleum ether or tetrachloromethane.
http://www.edenbotanicals.com/extraction-methods

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1) State your name before sharing your point
2) Please share in point form to facilitate reading
3) Avoid duplication of information

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8 & 9. Disadvantages of chemical solvent method

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8 & 9. Disadvantages of chemical solvent method

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7. Advantages of chemical solvent method

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7. Advantages of chemical solvent method

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4. Disadvantages of distillation (with steam) 

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4. Disadvantages of distillation (with steam) 

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3. Advantages of distillation (with steam)

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3. Advantages of distillation (with steam)

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2. Disadvantages of distillation (boiling with water) 

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2. Disadvantages of distillation (boiling with water) 

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1. Advantages of distillation (boiling with water)

# data[].attributes.subject
1. Advantages of distillation (boiling with water)