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The Cahiers: Discontents of the Third Estate

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The Cahiers: Discontents of the Third Estate

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The France had a weak king (Louis XVI) and the estates general had to be called after not being called together for over 175 years. The estates created cahiers, or grievances, to be presented in the meeting. This influenced the revolution as it represented the Third Estate as a useless depiction and left the political factor of the region as disorderly and discontent with their representative institution.

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Speech by Chretien-Francois Dr Lamoognon

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Speech by Chretien-Francois Dr Lamoognon

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The speech given by the minister of justice describes how in the kingdom that all the power rests in the king and the people of the nation have no say in anthing, this lead to the French Revolution because the people had no representation, and in a healthy and thriving kingdom the people and the king must work together to grow a kingdom to great standards.

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Memoirs of Francois, Marquis de Bouille, 1797

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Memoirs of Francois, Marquis de Bouille, 1797

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1789 marked the turning point of the beginning of the French Revolution, and it started taking effect on the government. M. de Vergannes, his anxious minister, influenced him to make bad decisions and a new system of administration which enraged the people. However, the most chaotic trouble the country faced was its finances. Due to years of extravagance as well as the American War of Independence they didnt have enough money for anything. So Monsieur de Calonne created a plan to tax the poorest of the poor rather than the rich, which enraged everyone.

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The political cartoon reflecting the French society depicts people as the first and second estate stomping on the third estate. The Rock is labeled "Taille" and "Corvee" for these two different types of taxes that the third estate had to pay. The first two estates were exempt from taxes, which influenced the third estate to rebel against the system. It highlighted how useless the third estate felt about their position and that all their opinions are being "stomped" on.

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The Cahiee of the Middle Class French town of Gisors, 1789, submitted to the Estates General in Preparation for the 1789 Meeting.

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The Cahiee of the Middle Class French town of Gisors, 1789, submitted to the Estates General in Preparation for the 1789 Meeting.

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This document is a prime example of why the French Revolution even happened. Political issues were at the core of the French Revolution with the Third Estate's demands for more representation with the votes of the Estates General being counted "by head and not by order." Not only should the huge amount of people should be more fairly accounted for with more than one pitiful vote, but the Estates General should have meetings regularly. It is hardly a representative body if it's going to meet every 175 years!

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Montesquieu's The Persian Letters (1721)

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Montesquieu's The Persian Letters (1721)

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Montesquieu who was born into nobility, had anonymously written "The Persian Letters" in order to speak out on the criticisms he had for the deceased Louis XIV.  In this novel he introduced his own reflection on the meaning of government and social customs, particularly the treatment of women and the place of wives in society. With Montesquieu writing this in order to speak out against the current government, but doing so by reflecting on the current policies, social customs, etc., we can see someone fighting for what's right but on a political front by taking apart what's wrong in the government.

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In the left, the nobles and clergy are running away with the money leaving the financial minister Necker confused. This represents the politics of the time since it reflects on the estates and how the 3rd estate does not have wealth. Because the third estate was fed up with the first and second estates privileges they rebelled and created the National Assembly.