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Missouri Compromise - A settlement of a dispute between slave and free states, contained in several laws passed during 1820 and 1821.

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Depression - a long and severe recession in an economy or market.

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Battle of New Orleans - American forces under General Andrew Jackson defeated British forces on January 8, 1815, several weeks after the signing of the Treaty of Ghent, which had officially ended the war.

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Treaty of Ghent - signed on December 24, 1814, in the city of Ghent, Belgium. This was the peace treaty that ended the War of 1812 between the United States and the United Kingdom.

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War of 1812 - The War of 1812 has also been called the second American war for independence.

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impressment - refers to the act of taking men into a military or naval force by compulsion, with or without notice.

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Embargo - an official ban on trade or other commercial activity with a particular country.

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Lewis and Clark expedition -  Journey  by Meriwether

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Louisiana Purchase - Purchase by the United states of the Louisiana Territory from France in 1803

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judicial review- Power of federal courts decide whether laws are constitutional.

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Marbury v. Madison- 1803 Supreme court case that established the principle of judicial review.

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Bureaucracy - a system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives.

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Agenda - a list of items to be discussed at a formal meeting.

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Nullification -  is the act of cancelling something.

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Virginia and Kentucky Resolution - were political statements drafted in 1798 and 1799, in which the Kentucky and Virginia legislatures took the position that the federal Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional.

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Alien and Sedition Acts - A series of laws, passed during the presidency of John Adams at the end of the eighteenth century, that sought to restrict the public activities of political radicals who sympathized with the French Revolution and criticized Adams's Federalist policies.

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XYZ Affair - Controversy in 1798 over French demands for bribes from American negotiators.

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Political Party - Group of people who seek to win elections and hold public office in order to control government policy and programs.

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Jays Treaty - Treaty signed in 1794 between the United States And Britain in which Britain agreed to withdraw from forts in the Northwest Territory and which sought to improve trade relations.

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Whiskey rebellion - Unrest in 1794 caused by opposition to a tax on whiskey.

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neutral - Not taking sides in a conflict or dispute.

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Loose Construction - Belief that the government can do anything that the Constitution does not say it cannot do.

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Strict Construction - Belief that the government should not do anything that the Constitution does not specifically say it can do.

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Interest - An extra sum of mf money that borries have to repay creditors creditors in return for the loan.

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Tariff - tax on foreign goods imported into a country.