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Laptops, tablets, and desktop computers all run operating systems that you've probably heard of. Some examples include versions of Microsoft Windows (like Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP), Apple's macOS (formerly OS X), Chrome OS, BlackBerry Tablet OS, and flavors of the open source operating system Linux.

Your smartphone runs an operating system, too, probably either Apple's iOS or Google's Android.

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There 're eight's component's in an Operating Systems:

1. Kernel:  is the central component of an operating system (OS). It is the component of the operating system that loads initially, and it lingers in main memory.

2. Process Execution: offers an interface in between an application program and the hardware, so that an application program can connect with the hardware just by following principles and procedures configured into the operating system.

3. Interrupt: are primary to operating systems, as they offer a reliable method for the operating system to interact with and respond to its environment.

4. Memory Management: sure that a program does not conflict with memory currently being used by an additional program.

We can divide the work of Memory Management into 3 significant groups:

1. Hardware memory    management.
2. OS (operating system) memory management.
3. Application memory management.

5. Multitasking: describes the operating of multiple independent computer programs on the same computer system.

6. Networking:  interact with each other via communication lines called network. The communication-network design should consider routing and connection techniques, and the troubles of opinion and safety and security.

7. Security: If a computer systems has several individuals and enables the simultaneous operation of multiple processes, then the numerous processes have to be secured from each other’s activities.

8. User Interface: It is everything created into an information device with which an individual might interact. The user interface is generally described as a shell and is vital if human communication is to be supported. The user interface checks out the directory framework and requests services from the operating system that will obtain information from input hardware devices.

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المقررات المفتوحة

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Operating Systems | C2-L4 | OS components - 4

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Operating Systems has two parts:

1. Shell: it is the outer part of an operating system and it is responsible of interacting with the operating system.

2. Kernel: Responsible for managing and controlling computer resources such as the processor, main memory, storage devices, input devices, output devices and communication devices.

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An operating system is the main software that manages all hardware and other software on a computer. The operating system, also known as "OS," interacts with the computer hardware and provides services that applications can use.