# data[].attributes.body
The united States Foreign policies are: Truman Doctrine, and the Containment policy (The Berlin Wall).

# data[].attributes.body
The United States has a goal to stop the spread of communism to the west.

the USSR has a goal to spread communism through west Berlin(the US side) by building the wall to prevent defectors from easy access to west Berlin.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
The Emergence of the Two Super Powers and the Roots of the Cold War

If you recall your World War II history, the United States and the Soviet Union were allies during the war. Together, these nations and others brought about the downfall of Hitler's Third Reich. When the war ended in 1945, these two countries emerged as world super powers. They were it: the two most powerful states in the world. When the war ended, the two super powers had very different ideas of how Europe should be restructured. Herein lies the roots of the Cold War.

The Cold War, of course, was a prolonged period of tension between the United States and the Soviet Union, lasting between the end of World War II and the fall of communism. While the Cold War spawned regional 'hot wars,' like the Korean War and the Vietnam War, the Cold War was characterized by threats, tension, and competition -- not physical combat. Basically, between 1945 and 1991, the United States and the Soviet Union did not like each other very much.

The Eastern Bloc vs. The Western Democracies

World War II devastated Europe. When the war ended in 1945, Soviet troops occupied countries like Poland, Romania, Czechoslovakia, and others. The Soviets also occupied the eastern half of Germany, while the Americans, British, and French occupied the other half. The two super powers had very different ideas of how Europe should be rebuilt. The United States naturally wanted Europe to be rebuilt along Democratic-Capitalist lines, while the Soviet Union, being a communist country, wanted Europe to be rebuilt along Marxist lines. Because of this, the Soviets moved quickly to establish communist puppet governments in occupied countries.

The western democracies tried but failed to curb Soviet expansion. At the Yalta Conference in February 1945 and at the Potsdam Conference in July of 1945, the Allied powers met to discuss the composition of post-war Europe. Under pressure from western democracies, Soviet leader Josef Stalin pledged to refrain from Sovietization and insisted he would allow free elections in occupied countries. Stalin failed to keep his promise and through falsified elections and other subversive means, the Soviet Union helped install communist governments. Unwilling to risk outright war, there was little the western democracies could do except stand by and watch as eastern Europe fell to communism.

The countries that came under the influence of communism became known as the Eastern Bloc, or the 'Eastern Bloc States.' In a famous speech, British prime minister Winston Churchill said that these countries had been placed 'behind the Iron Curtain.' The term ' Iron Curtain,' of course, was a figurative reference to the oppressive rule of communism. Among the leading Eastern Bloc states were East Germany, Poland, Romania, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Albania, and Bulgaria. These states were held together by an agreement called the Warsaw Pact or, more officially, the 'Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation, and Mutual Assistance.' The Warsaw Pact was a mutual defense pact aimed at consolidating communist strength encountering the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, or NATO.

So what was NATO? NATO was the opposing mutual defense pact. Its member states were more or less the western democracies. Countries like the United States, France, Great Britain, Canada, and many others made up NATO. The important thing to remember here is that the Warsaw Pact stemmed from Soviet influence, while NATO stemmed from American influence.

Containment and Cold War Geopolitics

Recognizing the problems posed by the Sovietization of eastern Europe, the United States adopted a broad foreign policy strategy that has come to be known as containment. Put simply, containment policy was designed to contain the spread of communism but not necessarily combat it where it already existed. Containment policy was formulated by diplomat George F. Kennan and became the cornerstone of President Harry Truman's foreign policy. The Truman Doctrine marked the official implementation of containment policy. In a famous 1947 speech, Truman proclaimed that the United States would intervene to provide economic and military support to Greece and Turkey, whose people were attempting to thwart a communist takeover. The Truman Doctrine essentially stated that the United States would provide support to countries resisting communism.

Under the broad strategy of containment, the United States launched another initiative called the Marshall Plan. Basically, it was a program to provide aid to war-torn Europe. Named after Secretary of State George Marshall, it was designed to rebuild the devastated economies of European states destroyed during World War II. It was also intended to ward off communist expansion and ensure the foundation of democratic states. The program was officially called the 'European Recovery Program.' The plan was in effect between 1948 and 1951. Under the plan, numerous countries received substantial economic aid packages funded by the United States.

West Germany was one of the nations receiving aid from the United States. Just as Germany was divided between the Allies and the Soviets, so too was the capital city of Berlin. In the spring and summer of 1948, Soviet forces began to isolate Allied-controlled West Berlin. This was called the 'Berlin blockade.' In June, transportation was restricted, while food supplies and electricity were also cut off. Refusing to be bullied into handing over West Berlin to the Soviets, President Harry Truman and leaders of the western powers determined to supply 2 million West Berliners with aid by aircraft. The Berlin Airlift, or Operation Vittles, went into effect beginning June 26th, 1948. Though a daunting undertaking, American and Allied aircraft flew around the clock to transport food to the desperate people of West Berlin for nearly a year. Embarrassed by the success of the airlifts, the Soviets lifted the blockade in May 1949.

Another important manifestation of the tension between the two super powers can be seen in the Berlin Wall. The Berlin Wall was built by communist East Germany in order to prevent its citizens from fleeing to democratic West Germany. Construction began on the Berlin Wall in August of 1961. The East German government claimed that the Wall was built to keep its citizens safe from fascism. In fact, it was officially called the 'Anti-Fascist Protection Rampart,' although it was obvious its real purpose was to keep East German citizens from defecting to West Germany. Over the years, many Germans attempted to scale the Wall, usually at the risk of their own lives. Some were successful; some were not.

The Arms Race and the Space Race

Throughout the Cold War, tension between the United States and the Soviet Union often revolved around each country attempting to outdo each other. This competition is perhaps most evident in the Arms Race and Space Race that peaked throughout the 1950s and the 1960s.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
two super powers: the united states and the soviet union - video & lesson transcript | study.com

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Two Super Powers: The United States and the Soviet Union - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
If you recall your World War II history, the United States and the Soviet Union were allies during the war. Together, these nations and others brought about the downfall of Hitler's Third Reich. When the war ended in 1945, these two countries emerged as world super powers.

# data[].attributes.body
Germany have also been divided into east and west Germany and Berlin just so happen to be located inside of east Germany.

# data[].attributes.body
The west side is the United States side and the east side is the USSR. the have been divided into two different parts. to prevent the east side from escaping the USSR to represent democracy (freedom).

# data[].attributes.body
The USSR built the wall because they were spreading communism and they wanted to prevent people from leaving to democracy.

"These measures have the effect of limiting, to a degree approaching complete prohibition, passage from the Soviet sector to the western sectors of the city." ( US State Department 1963, para. 2).
https://alphahistory.com/coldwar/us-ussr-respond-berlin-wall-1963/

# data[].attributes.body
The US was part of the reason the Wall was even built to begin with because they were spreading democracy through eastern Europe.