# data[].attributes.headline
‘You’re Out of Your Mind if You Think I’m Ever Going Back to School’

# data[].attributes.subject
‘You’re Out of Your Mind if You Think I’m Ever Going Back to School’

# data[].attributes.body
Melinda. “'You're Out of Your Mind If You Think I'm Ever Going Back to School'.” The New York Times, The New York Times, 28 Oct. 2020, www.nytimes.com/2020/10/28/opinion/virtual-school-racism.html?searchResultPosition=8.

This article tells the story of an African American mother who happy with the bias free learning environment that online learning has provided. She quote "Whether it was other students saying that she’s too loud, or people saying she has anger-management issues, it was always something". These microaggressions are seen on a national scale. She details  how easy it is to avoid snickering classmates and the racist symbols that some of her classmates wore to class.

This article is a great perspective that I can include in my essay. This perspective will be used in the middle of my essay to provide an "on the ground" look of the situation at hand.

# data[].attributes.headline
Understanding Associations between Race, Socioeconomic Status and Health: Patterns and Prospects

# data[].attributes.subject
Understanding Associations between Race, Socioeconomic Status and Health: Patterns and Prospects

# data[].attributes.body
Williams, David R et al. “Understanding associations among race, socioeconomic status, and health: Patterns and prospects.” Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association vol. 35,4 (2016): 407-11. doi:10.1037/hea0000242

The US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health details how segregation has lead to health problems such as decreased life span specifically for African Americans and minorities. Among men, death rates from heart disease are almost twice as high for blacks compared to whites. This is because of the additional psychosocial stressors that stem from "institutional discrimination and socioeconomic disadvantages lead to the overrepresentation of minorities in toxic residential and occupational environments that lead to elevated risk of exposure to major hardships, conflicts and disruptions such as crime, violence, material deprivation, loss of loved ones, recurrent financial strain, relationship conflicts, unemployment and underemployment."

This article had a lot of great evidence about the underlying causes of the health issues that African Americans have because of segregation and racism.  I will use this as a major source for evidence in my essay. I will most likely include statistics and quotes throughout my essay as it goes from past to present .

# data[].attributes.headline
Health Equity Considerations and Racial and Ethnic Minority Groups

# data[].attributes.subject
Health Equity Considerations and Racial and Ethnic Minority Groups

# data[].attributes.body
“Health Equity Considerations and Racial and Ethnic Minority Groups.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/health-equity/race-ethnicity.html.

"Long-standing systemic health and social inequities have put many people from racial and ethnic minority groups at increased risk of getting sick and dying from COVID-19." This article details how we have reached the point of collapse in regards to health equity in America. Many African Americans are have limited access to treatment to COVID 19 due to their occupation, discrimination educational, income, and wealth gaps, and housing.

The most important part of this article is towards the end. The section
"What We Can Do" will have a very strong message to wrap up the essay especially since it's coming from the CDC. A very reliable source that will play a great role in explaining the situation at hand.

# data[].attributes.body
Rothstein, Richard. The Color of Law: A Forgotten History Of How Our Government Segregated America. Liveright Publishing Corporation, a Division of W.W. Norton &amp; Company, 2018.

The Color Of Law is a novel about how the government not only tolerated segregation but greatly contributed to it. By creating racial zoning and devaluing African American homes, the issue is harder to undo than voting issues, police brutality, and other injustices. Legal protections or issues are much easier to solve versus a segregation of where someone is living. The later half of the novel included solutions

I plan to use this novel primarily towards the beginning of the essay as I talk about what got us to the present. It has lots of good background information from a different perspective than the more academically focused articles. Chapter 12 includes some good solutions that I will probably include towards the end of my essay.

# data[].attributes.body
Justice, Glen. "Systemic Racism." CQ Researcher, 30 Oct. 2020, pp. 1-56, library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/cqresrre2020103000.

This academic resource summarizes and highlights the various aspects of systematic racism. Compared to White and Asian households, African American and Hispanic home ownership, median household income, and graduation rates are much lower. Uninsurance rates for minorities in America are far higher than Caucasian citizens. All of this causes life to be harder for minorities and only makes the problem and economic gap worse.

This report is really REALLY long. I plan on using it throughout my essay to provide key evidence pointing towards the roots and origins of these problems along with the current Black Lives Matter movement. It talks about a various solutions and problems that need to be directly solved. This overall is going to be a great resource that I wouldn't have found without the library resource.

# data[].attributes.body
Summary:
Chapter 12 is about the potential solutions for inequalities. Focusing on correcting the education to teach history accurately is a main solution that will eliminate the false sense of superiority.  A lot of the solutions have to do with eliminating legal barriers to having integrated communities and fair access to being able to own a home.

Key Terms:
Home Owners Loan Corporation (199)
Federal Subsidies (203)
Fair Share Act (206)

# data[].attributes.body
Why are African Americans disproportionately impacted by COVID-19?

# data[].attributes.headline
Chapter 11 - Looking Forward, Looking Back

# data[].attributes.subject
Chapter 11 - Looking Forward, Looking Back

# data[].attributes.body
Even though the Fair Housing Act has helped a lot of African Americans, the battle is far from over. Rothstien talks about Lots of work needs to be done to restore equality in the US.

Key Terms:
Income Distribution - 183
Median White Family Income - 184
Section 8 - 191
Inclusive Communities Project - 191

# data[].attributes.body
Summary:
Segregation was caused by racism but also the pay difference between white and African Americans. Along with the countless other things pushing them down in society, they simply weren't paid enough to make a good living and support themselves and their family.

Key Terms:
Emancipation - 154
Second Great Migration - 155
American Federation of Labor - 158
Fair Employment Practices Committee - 162

# data[].attributes.body
Summary:
The federal government didn't do anything to stop racist hate groups. They also did not use their power to protect the average African American citizen, letting violence become an everyday fear for them.

Key Terms:
Rollingwood Improvement Association - 139
Ku Klux Klan - 142
Hyde Park Improvement Protective Club - 144

# data[].attributes.body
Chapter 8 is mainly focused on Frank Stevenson and workers for Ford. It focuses on the housing problems for workers getting to and from work.

Key Terms:
American Friends Service Committee (AFSC) - 117
United Auto Workers - 118
Racial Boundary - 133

# data[].attributes.headline
Chapter 7 - IRS Support and Compliant Regulations

# data[].attributes.subject
Chapter 7 - IRS Support and Compliant Regulations

# data[].attributes.body
Chapter Summary:
The IRS was very specific about what organization it gave money to. This contributed massively to segregation and worsened the problem.

Key Terms:
IRS - 102
Marcus Avenue Improvement Association - 103
Master Race Theory - 104
Tax Favoritism - 102

# data[].attributes.body
Chapter Summary:
This chapter highlights exactly why the FHA will not help the African American community on the path to home ownership. White Flight happens where they believe the housing will significantly decrease in value if an American American family lives there. White Flight causes Caucasians to flee the area because they believe it brings their house down in value as well.

Key Terms:
enclaves - 94
covenant - 94
subsequent - 98
redlining - 97

# data[].attributes.headline
Chapter 5- Private Agreements, Government, Enforcement

# data[].attributes.subject
Chapter 5- Private Agreements, Government, Enforcement

# data[].attributes.body
Chapter Summary:
This chapter talks about the ways that the Federal Housing Administration promoted and "enforced" segregation with its power. Economic policies were heavily influenced by racism in the government

Key Terms:
FHA - 83
Housing and Home Finance Agency - 86
Shelly Decision - 86

# data[].attributes.body
Two Sentence Summary:
Robert Mereday was kept from owning a home because of racial discrimination. Getting loans was a major roadblock for African Americans to own their own house.

Key Terms:
Subdivision (73) - the action of subdividing or being subdivided.

NAACP (74) - The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People is a civil rights organization in the United States, formed in 1909 as an interracial endeavor to advance justice for African Americans

# data[].attributes.body
Two Sentence Summary:
The inequalities that are present stem from economic policy and can be reserved by implementing better federal policy. Cities around the country adapted these negative federal policies only worsening the problem.

Key Terms:
Disenfranchised (41) - deprive (someone) of the right to vote, human right, or privilege.

Subordination (43) - treat or regard as of lesser importance than something else.

Parsonage (45) - a church house provided for a member of the clergy.

# data[].attributes.body
Two Sentence Summary:
Housing was extremely segregated in the sense that poor, industrial, unclean areas were the ones that African Americans were provided. Another major factor in this inequality was the lack of government services that were provided to the African American community in terms of housing.

Key Terms:
New Deal (19) -  promoting economic recovery and putting Americans back to work through Federal activism. New Federal agencies attempted to control agricultural production, stabilize wages and prices, and create a vast public works program for the unemployed.
Public Works Administration (20) - part of the New Deal of 1933, was a large-scale public works construction agency in the United States headed by Secretary of the Interior Harold L. Ickes. ... It built large-scale public works such as dams, bridges, hospitals, and schools.
Lanham Act (25) - The Lanham Act (also known as the Trademark Act of 1946) is the federal statute that governs trademarks, service marks, and unfair competition. It was passed by Congress on July 5, 1946, and signed into law by President Harry Truman. The Act took effect on July 5, 1947.