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Milgram wanted to conduct an experiment focusing on the conflict between obedience to authority and personal conscience. Milgram (1963) examined justifications for acts of genocide offered by those accused at the World War II, Nuremberg War Criminal trials. Their defense often was based on "obedience" - that they were just following orders from their superiors.

In Milgram's experiment, there was the "Experimenter" (this was the psychologist who knew what was happening in the study). The "Subject" (this was the unsuspecting test subject) and the Fake Test Subject (an actor). The Experimenter told the Subject that he would ask questions to the Fake Test Subject. Whenever the Fake Test Subject got the question incorrect, the Subject had to deliver him with an electric shock. With each wrong question, the strength of the shock increased. The highest shocks would have been fatal. However, no one was getting shocked, and the Subject was the only person who believed that the experiment was real.

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Milgram was right about his prediction of the power of obedience. Although the subject thought that they were giving deadly amount of shocks, they rarely stopped. When they did push back, the Experimenter (the psychologist) told them they had to continue, and that they couldn't stop. Certain Subjects grew more and more emotionally distressed, but they continued to shock the fake test subject.

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After reading, create your own post Talk about your reaction and thoughts about the study: this is your opinion. Explain your reaction to the study. Then examine if you think the study broke any ethical guidelines, if so, which guidelines did it break? You also must respond to another classmates comment.

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The Little Albert Experiment is a famous psychological experiment by behavioral psychologist John B. Watson. Watson wanted to know if fear responses was a "learned behavior" that children could be conditioned to have. Watson's test subject, a 9 month old boy named Albert, was exposed to many different things. A rat, a newspaper, a bunny, a monkey, and a mask. Initially, Albert did not show a fear reaction to any of these things.

The next time Albert was exposed to the rat, Watson made a loud, scary noise by banging a hammer against a pipe. Naturally, the child began to cry from hearing the loud noise.  After repeatedly pairing the white rat with the loud noise, Albert began to expect a frightening noise whenever he saw the white rate. Soon, Albert began to cry simply after seeing the rat.

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"The instant the rat was shown, the baby began to cry. Almost instantly he turned sharply to the left, fell over on [his] left side, raised himself on all fours and began to crawl away so rapidly that he was caught with difficulty before reaching the edge of the table."

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After a long search for the baby in the Little Albert experiments, it was discovered that the child died at age 6. In 2012, it was reported that he was not the healthy, normal child Watson described in his 1920 experiment. They presented convincing evidence that Watson knew about and deliberately concealed the boy's neurological condition. These findings not only cast a shadow over Watson's legacy, but they also deepened the ethical and moral issues of this well-known experiment.

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After reading, create your own post Talk about your reaction and thoughts about the study: this is your opinion. Explain your reaction to the study. Then examine if you think the study broke any ethical guidelines, if so, which guidelines did it break? You also must respond to another classmates comment.

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Wendall Johnson believed that stuttering was a "learned behavior", and only occurred in children who's parents criticized their speech. Johnson performed his experiment on 22 orphans. Half of the children received positive speech therapy, praising the fluency of their speech, and the other half, negative speech therapy, belittling the children for speech imperfections.

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Many of the normal speaking orphan children who received negative therapy in the experiment suffered negative psychological effects, and some retained speech problems for the rest of their lives. It was dubbed the "Monster Study" as some of Johnson's peers were horrified that he would experiment on orphan children to confirm a hypothesis. The experiment was kept hidden for fear Johnson's reputation would be tarnished. On 17 August 2007, seven of the orphan children were awarded a total of $1.2M by the State of Iowa for lifelong psychological and emotional scars caused by six months of torment during the University of Iowa experiment.

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After reading, create your own post Talk about your reaction and thoughts about the study: this is your opinion. Explain your reaction to the study. Then examine if you think the study broke any ethical guidelines, if so, which guidelines did it break? You also must respond to another classmates comment.

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From 1983 psychologist Keith H. Nuechterlein and psychiatrist Michael Gitlin from the UCLA Medical Center began a study into the mental processes of schizophrenia. Specifically, they were looking into the ways in which sufferers of the mental disorder relapse and were trying to find out if there are any predictors of psychosis. To achieve this, they had schizophrenics, from a group of hundreds involved in the program, intentionally taken off their medication.

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Many patients responded poorly to suddenly being taken off of their medications. In 1991  former program participant Antonio Lamadrid killed himself by jumping from nine floors up – despite having been open about his suicidal state of mind and supposedly under the study’s watch.

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Many families who were involved in the experiment have sued and argued that their family participant did not know what would be happening in the study. As a result, in 2005 a judge ruled that California had to tighten up their ethics laws.

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After reading, create your own post Talk about your reaction and thoughts about the study: this is your opinion. Explain your reaction to the study. Then examine if you think the study broke any ethical guidelines, if so, which guidelines did it break? You also must respond to another classmates comment.

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Johnson didn't ask for consent or told the children what were the risks and consequences of the experiment.

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The experiment broke guidelines because the people doing the experiment broke the rule of Informed Consent. The people doing the experiment didn't told people what were the side effects which cause people to kill themselves.

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It was not ethical, he used children for his experiment and caused psychological damage.

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i feel like this is rough and broke the guidelines of not forcing mental breakdowns causing life long pain.

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It was not ethical to use orphan kids to make this experiment.

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that man tortured kids and thinking about how their orphans they had enough on their plate without his torment

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it wasn't right, they were all children. did he not think that those children would have been fine? no I don't think so. he basically wanted to ruin there mental health for an experiment (Melanie Fuentes) 

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it wasn't right, they were all children. did he not think that those children would have been fine? no I don't think so. he basically wanted to ruin there mental health for an experiment (Melanie Fuentes) 

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This experiment was not ethical , he used orphans and caused them problems for their whole lives

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This isn't right because he used children for his experiment, even belittled half the children that stuttered like it was their fault.

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Using kids for this experiment was not ethical and probably illegal as well, seeing as how the kids suffered lifelong psychological damage through the experiment. Also, we don't know if Johnson even got permission to perform these experiments on these children, so it might've actually been illegal.

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At first I just though it was not bad of an experiment until I saw that the child had died at a really early age. Also, i wonder if this experiment would have made the child now have a intense fear of white rats. Also the child was in no way healthy to do an experiment and i feel like that was very unethical

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I don't understand how parents could let something like this happen. knowing your child is no heath or that this could cause trauma later on in life. This was not ethical because the child was not healthy enough in the first place. Then you go and add on a fear of rats. That's is mental abuse to me, causing the child to be scared over and over.

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I think that it was a very inhuman thing they did that should have been avoided. They broke many Ethical guidelines like informing the participants about what would be going on and about the right to be protected from harm and discomfort.

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The experiment was nor ethical because the patients did not give consent, This experiment was unethical because it caused a persons life.

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I doubt that he told the parents about the consequences of the experiment.

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Well at first I didnt understood why or for what they were doing that, or why was the fake test subject feeling the shocks when there wasn't any. I think this is unethical because in a way it's harming the person not physically but mentally, since he actually thought they were shocking him.

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they really made a man kill himself that's not ethical at all they didn't even give them a grace period to get them off the drug they just took it away

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Well they didn't leave a horrible scar (experience) for the subject.

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This experiment was not ethical because consent wasn’t given , he didn’t know the guidelines and was taken completely off meds

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Where were the babys parents? why did they let this happen? This is not ethical because the baby could not give consent and the parents most likely did not know. He caused the kid to die at such an early age because he had neurological damage.

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A man killed himself while "being under there watch" all of the patients where honest about there mental state I don't understand why they would do such an awful thing to the people who suffer so much,   (melanie fuentes)

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A man killed himself while "being under there watch" all of the patients where honest about there mental state I don't understand why they would do such an awful thing to the people who suffer so much,   (melanie fuentes)

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they broke a ethics rule they told the subject that they could not stop when it's actually ruled that when a subject lots of stop they can stop at any moment. also I don't get how an actor could sit by a watch this happen.

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It's not ethical because Johnson didn't ask the children's for permission because the were little. He took advantage from them knowing that they were orphans.

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This isn't right , the experiment shouldn't have harmed any children. It's wrong because they not only harmed chiildren while experimenting on them but for life.

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This is messed up being on a little baby, just putting fear into them.

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he just basically used a kid to make his name known  by putting fear in a kids eyes w.p

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This is not okay, because the kid dies at a very young age.

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This is messed up in many ways because of not informing the people their side effects.

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This was not ethical bc Watson knew about the boy’s condition and that resulted into him dying

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I think its very messed up that he would even start with orphans. Then scar them for life for having speech impediment/"imperfections". In the experiment also harming the children is just not ok. Its not right and then keeping the experiment hidden to protect his image is very aggravating to me, like how are you gonna help someone keep an experiment secret when you know he did wrong.

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It's sad that the subject knew he had to stop because he thought he was really shocking the fake actor, but the experimenter kept saying he needs to continue and basically deal with it.

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I feel like Johnson broke the ethical guidelines because he experimented on orphans, knowing that he didn't needed consent from parents. And also the kids were scar for life causing them problems later in life

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They didn't inform the participants the consequences and risks

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This was such a crazy experiment. Watson pretty much killed the little boy. He was pretty much held against his will b/c there was no way he could speak up for himself. I think this experiment violated all the principles of human research.

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It broke an ethical rule that you can stop whenever you want but the psychologist didn't let the subject stop.

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This is unethical because they didn't let the people back out, they were being forced to stay.

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This wasn’t ethical bc they told the subject they couldn’t stop

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  Emely E.                                              This wasnt ethical because they didnt let the subjects have in option or opinion during this expirement. Maybe even both were left with trauma from this experience.         

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  Emely E.                                              This wasnt ethical because they didnt let the subjects have in option or opinion during this expirement. Maybe even both were left with trauma from this experience.         

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those kids already had a rough start to life now someone thought it would be a good idea to push it. causing them to have not only speech difficulties but later on maybe mental.

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I don't think this experiment was ethical because they experimented on  a 9 month old, which is still a baby and didn't take in consideration that he had health problems.

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It's not ethical because the baby couldn't give consent to do the experiment. Also how could the parents not stop the experiment knowing that their son was suffering. But at the same time I don't think John inform the parents about the side effects.

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This is so messed up, they basically just tormented some little kids and messed up their future because of it. The guild lines that were broken were informed consent, they targeted orphans because they know that they couldn't fight back. They also came out of the experiment with a negative effect on their speech.

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They did not inform the participants so that was not ethical. Did the families ever receive anything because they were put through this?

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Ok now that is just straight mental abuse because of the psychologist making the patient have to endure the image of them hurting someone to death. It broke the rule right away by them knowing it will cause mental and emotion harm as well as the psychologist pushing the patient to keep going. I dont understand how people can just stand by and not say anything if the actor saw how the patient was reacting they could have stop it themselves and say it is not right.

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there is no why this was ethical. with this type of mental problems you cannot just take someone off their medication. their body has become so reliant on it they won't know how to deal that's probably why that guy commits suicide.

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I don't think this experiment was ethical because they didn't harm anyone, the shocks weren't real.

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Emely E                                                This experiment was not ethical at all.First of all, where are this childs parents? i wouldnt let my baby, at such a young age and not a healthy condition, to go through this type of trauma. I wonder is this experiment had to do with such an early passing, at age six? what if the child got so scared of seeing or bumping into white rats, that it killed him, along with any other condition he had.                

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Emely E                                                This experiment was not ethical at all.First of all, where are this childs parents? i wouldnt let my baby, at such a young age and not a healthy condition, to go through this type of trauma. I wonder is this experiment had to do with such an early passing, at age six? what if the child got so scared of seeing or bumping into white rats, that it killed him, along with any other condition he had.                

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They did this to a kid that wasn't even a year old, like how could they be okay with that. The guild lines that were broken were the right to informed consent, the right t be protected from harm and discomfort, and the right to debriefing because there is no way a child would ever know what was going on in the first place.

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that poor child could have been scared of white rats for the rest of his short life

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Blind loyalty.

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As soon as I read the part about the patients being taken off their medication, I knew this couldn't be good. Just as I kept reading, turns out a man commited suicide. This violates "The right to debriefing" b/c the families weren't informed right.

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Why would something like this be done when

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I can't believe this happened. While they weren't really getting shocked they were denied the right to leave which is unethical.