# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Lego Dimensions is a Lego-themed action-adventure crossover video game developed by Traveller's Tales and published by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment, for the PlayStation 4, PlayStation 3, Wii U, Xbox One and Xbox 360. It follows the toys-to-life format, in that the player has Lego figures and a toy pad that can be played within the game itself where it features characters and environments from over 30 different franchises. The Starter Pack, containing the game, the USB toy pad, and three minifigures, was released in September 2015, while additional level packs and characters were released over the following two years. A third year of content was planned, but was cancelled in October 2017.

Lego Dimensions features the same style of gameplay as the previous Lego video games developed by Traveller's Tales, in which up to two players control Lego minifigures based on various represented franchises. Players progress through linear levels, using their characters' abilities to solve puzzles, defeat enemies, and attempt to reach the level's end. Characters are entered into the game by placing their respective minifigures onto a USB toy pad, with each character possessing unique abilities that can be used to solve puzzles or reach hidden areas. Using a character from a certain franchise will also unlock that franchise's Adventure World, an open-world area for players to explore and complete in-game objectives.

The Starter Pack includes the toy pad and the game's 14-level main story campaign, which revolves around Batman, Gandalf, and Wyldstyle, while additional levels are made available by purchasing Level Packs and Story Packs. In addition to the minifigures, players can also build models of vehicles, such as the Batmobile, TARDIS, Mystery Machine, or DeLorean, and put them into the game for characters to drive. Completing objectives in the levels and adventure worlds will reward players with gold bricks, which can be used to upgrade vehicles and give them new abilities. Each adventure world also contains a red brick for players to retrieve; these will unlock special bonuses, such as visual modifiers for characters or extra assistance at finding collectible items. Unlike series such as Skylanders, Disney Infinity, and Amiibo, the minifigures, vehicles, and the USB toy pad are all made from real Lego pieces and can be freely built and customized.

All minifigures and vehicles can be used in any available level, though specific figures must be present to initially enter those levels or worlds. An additional feature called "Hire a Hero" was added shortly after the game's launch; this feature allows players to pay in-game currency to temporarily summon characters they do not own in order to complete an otherwise-inaccessible puzzle. The game's second year of content also introduced competitive multiplayer in the form of the Battle Arenas, allowing up to four players to compete in modes such as Capture the Flag. Gold bricks can be used to purchase new power-ups for the Battle Arenas. Certain packs also include exclusive features; for example, the Midway Arcade level pack unlocks playable emulations of over 20 Midway arcade titles, while the Teen Titans Go! packs unlock an exclusive Lego-themed episode of the series that can be viewed in-game.

Arriving on Foundation Prime, a planet located in the center of the Lego multiverse, Lord Vortech ( Gary Oldman), a being who has the power to shapeshift and travel through dimensions, and his robotic minion X-PO ( Joel McHale) seek the twelve Foundation Elements, the cornerstones of time and space itself, in a bid to merge all the dimensions into one under Vortech's control. These Elements, such as the Ruby Slippers, the One Ring, the Flux capacitor, the Palantir, and Kryptonite, were scattered across the dimensions long ago, but gathered together at Foundation Prime can unlock the power to control all of the dimensions. When X-PO voices his doubts of Vortech's evil plan (as it is too dangerous to harness the Elements safely), Vortech decides that he no longer needs him and banishes him to the dimensional void Vorton. Unfortunately for Vortech, his own body cannot handle too many more dimensional jumps, forcing him to open vortexes to the different dimensions and recruits their villains to help him search for the Elements while imprisoning the heroes pulled through them. These actions damage the boundaries between the dimensions, causing them to merge and characters to be displaced.

When Robin ( Scott Menville), Frodo ( Elijah Wood), and MetalBeard ( Nick Offerman) are pulled into the vortexes, each unknowingly in possession of one of the Elements, Batman ( Troy Baker), Gandalf the Grey ( Tom Kane), and Wyldstyle ( Elizabeth Banks) all jump in after them. The three get pulled into the same vortex and appear on Vorton, where the vortex generator they came out of explodes, prompting them to rebuild it. Aided by X-PO, the three use the generator to travel through the dimensions and search for the Foundation Elements and the five missing Keystones that power the generator (Shift, Chroma, Elemental Phase, Scale, and Locate) hoping to find their missing friends and stop Vortech's plan from succeeding in the process. Along their journey, they meet and assist the various heroes of the dimensions they visit, such as Dorothy Gale ( Laura Bailey), Homer Simpson ( Dan Castellaneta), Dr. Emmett Brown ( Christopher Lloyd), Wheatley ( Stephen Merchant), and Scooby-Doo ( Frank Welker) while fighting numerous villains, including the Wicked Witch of the West ( Courtenay Taylor), Lord Business ( Nolan North), the Joker ( Christopher Corey Smith), Master Chen ( William Salyers), Saruman the White ( Roger L. Jackson), Daleks ( Nicholas Briggs), Lex Luthor ( Travis Willingham), the Riddler ( Roger Craig Smith), Two-Face ( Troy Baker), Sauron ( Steve Blum), General Zod ( Nolan North), as well as Vortech himself in 1885 Hill Valley and a haunted circus. However, Vortech eventually realizes that X-PO is helping them. The heroes travel to Foundation Prime to find their friends and fight Vortech, but it turns out to be a diversion, allowing the villains to ambush X-PO and retrieve the trio's Foundation Elements in their absence. With all of the Elements collected, Vortech unlocks the foundation of all the dimensions, a green Lego building plate, and is imbued with near-unlimited power. He merges Robin, Frodo, MetalBeard, and a piece of himself into a giant robot mutant known as the Tri, (Menville, Wood, and Offerman) and sends it to wreak havoc on the trio's worlds. Fearing that a failure could lead to a transformation into a similar mutant, the villains bail out on Vortech.

The heroes free their friends from inside the Tri and destroy the Vortech piece, causing it to implode. After the Tri's defeat, Batman realizes that they will need all the help they can get to defeat Vortech, leading them to recruit the Twelfth Doctor ( Peter Capaldi), Mystery Inc., the Ghostbusters, the space ship Defender, and GLaDOS ( Ellen McLain) to their cause. While the Doctor, GLaDOS, and X-PO work on a plan to seal Vortech in a rift loop, the heroes head to Foundation Prime, fighting him along the way. With their allies' help, they are able to destroy the Lego plate, which causes Foundation Prime's palace to collapse, infuriating Vortech. He grows to an enormous size and attacks the trio, but the Doctor is able to manipulate the portal technology and sucks all of them into a rift loop. Using a special device he, GLaDOS, and X-PO designed, the heroes are able to seal Vortech in an endless rift prison for all eternity, saving the multiverse.

In a post-credits scene, an unknown figure finds a piece of Vortech's body in the remains of Foundation Prime's palace. He picks it up and instantly becomes corrupted, yelling in pain as he converts into a Vorton being. Vortech's laughter is heard as the scene fades out, suggesting that the figure has been transformed into another version of Vortech.

The game features characters and worlds from thirty different franchises, consisting of:

The game also features character and setting cameos from other franchises, including HAL 9000 from the Space Odyssey series, S.T.A.R. Labs from CW's , Bedrock from The Flintstones, the family room from The Jetsons, and the DNA ship from . Unlike other toys-to-life series such as Skylanders and Disney Infinity, Lego Dimensions allows all figures to be compatible with the existing title, rather than releasing a sequel.

In addition to the game's starter pack, Lego Dimensions has a wide range of packs available, split into four categories: story packs, level packs, team packs, and fun packs. Packs from the game's second year (September 2016-17) also unlock Adventure World Battle Arenas, competitive four-person multiplayer areas themed after each figure's respective franchise.

Story packs add six new levels to the game based on the represented franchise; these levels retell the story of their respective film, with characters from other franchises making occasional appearances. The packs also include one or two characters, a vehicle or gadget, and a new gateway design for the toy pad. Story packs each also unlock a new keystone for the portal, providing additional abilities.

Level packs contain a character with two items, which are either vehicles or gadgets, along with a new level to play in, based on the represented character's franchise.

Team packs are similar to Fun packs except they contain two characters and a combination of two vehicles or gadgets, one for each character.

Fun packs each contain a character from a certain franchise and a gadget or vehicle to play with.

Polybags are limited-edition releases of a single character figure, distributed only at events and via special offers.

Lego Dimensions received "generally favorable reviews", according to review aggregator Metacritic. IGN awarded it a score of 7.7 out of 10, saying " Lego Dimensions' great characters and fun references consistently left me with a big dumb grin on my face." GameSpot awarded it a score of 8.0, saying "In any game within the toys-to-life genre, there's sometimes an unspoken question: is this also a great toy or just a great game? In Lego Dimensions' case, the answer is easy: it's both." They also praised the open world sections of the game, stating that "While they don't feature the same level of intricacy the main game provides, they do add several more hours each to the overall experience." Polygon awarded it 8 out of 10, saying "Where the game's innovative designs push forward what it means to blend toys and games into a single experience, the writing and both companies' willingness to dig deep into their vaults, pull the whole game together." Good Game: Spawn Point Hosts Bajo and Hex both awarded the game 3 out of 5. Praise was given to the puzzles and mechanics, commenting that it may be their favourite LEGO game. However, they gave harsh criticism to the pricing model. Their summation was that it was "poor value", stating that the last few Lego games were "pretty much as good as this one", but players can play as their extensive character rosters without having to buy expensive expansions."

In the UK and Ireland, Lego Dimensions landed at number 2 on the sales charts in its first week. Sales had surpassed in comparison to first week sales of other 2015 toys-to-life game competitors Skylanders: Superchargers and Disney Infinity 3.0.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Lego Dimensions is a Lego-themed action-adventure crossover video game developed by Traveller's Tales and published by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment, for the PlayStation 4, PlayStation 3, Wii U, Xbox One and Xbox 360.

# data[].attributes.headline
There is an assignment for you in Reading A-Z on Saving Tigers

# data[].attributes.subject
There is an assignment for you in Reading A-Z on Saving Tigers

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
The king cheetah is one of the rarest animals in the world. Less than 10 are believed to exist in the wild, with a further 50 in captivity. So, what is a king cheetah?

With its unusual markings, the king cheetah was once considered a different species. However, it is actually the exact same as the African cheetah, other than a mutated fur pattern.

Here is a list of the most fascinating king cheetah facts, detailing everything you need to know about this stunning, elusive cat.

1. The King Cheetah is Not a Distinct Species

These unusual cats have also been known as Cooper's cheetah.

Major A. Cooper shot a king cheetah in 1926 and noted how the fur was thicker and darker than a normal cheetah. So he named it after himself. Imagine how it used to be! You kill a rare animal and then you get to name it!

In 1927, an English zoologist gave the animal a new name - Acinonyx rex. This is different to Acinonyx jubatus, the Latin name given to a cheetah. Rex translates as king in Latin, which is how their name evolved.

More on this later ( cf. fact 19).

2. A Rare Cheetah With a Unique Mutated Fur Pattern

Black panthers can either be jaguars or leopards. They gain their black fur through natural and hereditary melanin or pigment.

It's similar for the king cheetah. They have a mutated fur pattern caused by a recessive gene. This means that their distinctive appearance is due to a lack of genetic diversity.

3. They Have Thicker Fur

If you see a king cheetah, it's obvious that the fur patterns are different.

Look more closely and you will notice how the fur is also much thicker, more like that of a snow leopard. Cheetahs usually have hoarse, thin hair for surviving in hot arid environments. So this mutation is unlikely to have helped the king cheetah.

4. King Cheetah vs Cheetah: Thick Blotchy Patterns Instead of Spots

African cheetahs have clearly defined spots. Note that these are different from other cats. Leopards have a rosette pattern while jaguars have larger rosettes with a black spot at their center.

Dark patterns and stripes create a blotchy appearance on the king cheetah. In particular, look at the thick dark bands around the tail and mane.

King cheetahs also have some smaller spots, typically on their legs and face. However, their appearance is markedly different from African cheetahs.

5. The Varying Coat Pattern is Due to a Recessive Gene

As the gene is recessive, it is tough for king cheetahs to reproduce more of their own.

Both parents must have the recessive gene for their offspring to carry it forward. So it takes two king cheetahs to make a king cheetah cub (with 100% success).

If they mate with a normal African cheetah then the distinctive gene is highly unlikely to appear in the fur. Of course, they can mate with African cheetahs because they are the same species.

6. You Probably Haven't Seen a King Cheetah

Sources claim that there has only been a total of six sightings of the elusive king cheetah in the wild. Six times in the entirety of Africa over the last 100 years!

These sightings happened in Botswana, Zimbabwe, and northern South Africa. The last confirmed wild sighting was in Kruger National Park back in 1986.

Look back 400 years and there's a good chance that a lot of these cats prowled the African plains. However, such an incredible fur coat will have been a prime target for any hunter.

Global cheetah numbers have declined immensely over the last 100 years. African cheetahs have lost 91% of their historic range and less than 7000 remain. So, it shouldn't be a surprise that the rare kings are scarcely seen.

7. You Can Encounter King Cheetah in Africa

These animals do exist, and you can see them in South Africa.

The De Wildt Cheetah and Wildlife Centre was the first to breed king cheetah in captivity. You can now see these mutated cheetahs at the wildlife center, on one of their organized tours.

Note that these are captive cheetahs and can be hand-fed, so many safari lovers will not enjoy the experience. While the center must receive some credit for helping wildlife preservation, it is not a safari destination and many disagree with the human-animal interaction.

Recently renamed the Ann van Dyk Cheetah Centre, the organisation is near Hartbeespoort Dam on the outskirts of Pretoria.

8. You Can See Semi-Wild King Cheetah in Kapama Game Reserve

Kapama Game Reserve is a fenced private reserve very close to the Greater Kruger National Park. It has biodiversity similar to Kruger, including the Big Five.

There is a Cheetah Conservation and Research Centre here that has successfully bred king cheetah, then released these animals into the reserve. These cheetahs now live in the wild although they do receive continual support to ensure they can survive.

They are semi-wild, so it's unknown how they would get on outside the electric fence in the Greater Kruger National Park.

9. In 2014, South Africa Received Two King Cheetahs

A first-time king cheetah mother gave birth to a litter of eight cubs in 2014. This was the largest litter ever recorded and took place at Greenwich Zoo in Connecticut. The newborns suddenly made up over 10% of the total population.

Four of these cubs went to other zoos in the US. Two went to South Africa to be part of a breeding program. The center won't ever release the cubs into the wild but if they create offspring, there is a chance of a life in the wild for their cubs.

10. King Cheetah Speed: They Can Run at 120 kph

Are king cheetahs faster than regular cheetahs? A king cheetah's top speed is the same as other African cheetahs' speed: 120 km/h.

It's another demonstration that the king cheetah is exactly the same species as the African cheetah, just with a different outwards appearance.

11. How Many King Cheetahs Are Left in the World?

The exact number of king cheetahs that exist in the world is unknown. However, the estimated number of king cheetahs in the wild is less than 10. The total number, including those in captivity and wildlife reserves, is around 60 animals.

12. Where Do King Cheetahs Live?

The king cheetah's habitat is just like that of the African cheetah's. These majestic creatures occupy grassy plains and flatlands such as savannas and deserts.

Open habitats are the perfect environment for a cheetah to hunt. Unlike other big cats, such as leopards and lions, king cheetahs don't stalk their prey. They chase them rather, utilizing their rapid speed.

13. King Cheetah Size

The king cheetah doesn't differ in size from the African cheetah. They have sleek and slender bodies built for reaching high speeds. From snout to tail they measure from 1.2 to 1.5 meters and weigh an average of around 50 kg.

Males are bigger than females and cubs reach a full-grown size at around two years old.

14. The Rare King Cheetah Has a Body Built for Speed

As the fastest land animal on earth, cheetahs have physiological features that enable them to reach such a rapid pace.

The king cheetah's body is long and thin with a slender waist and powerful legs. This body shape is aerodynamic, allowing the animal to sprint at top speeds.

However, one of the most important factors contributing to their incredible ability is their organs. Cheetahs have enlarged hearts and lungs.

Coupled with the cheetah's large nostrils, they are able to take in a lot of oxygen and circulate it effectively. The high amounts of oxygen are necessary to give their muscles the energy and power to run fast.

They may be fast, bursting to amazing speeds, yet they cannot endure these speeds for an extended time. The cats need to rest immediately after a hunt as it puts huge stress on their bodies.

15. King Cheetah Cubs Don't Stand Much of a Chance

Cheetah cubs have notoriously high mortality rates, which is another contributing factor to an overall decline of the population. Only around 5% of cheetah cubs survive to adulthood.

One of the leading causes of this is death by other predators. Cheetahs, king cheetahs included, are mostly solitary animals. So, the females have no choice but to leave their cubs alone and unprotected when they go hunting. Lions, hyenas, jackals, and birds of prey often make a meal out of unattended cheetah cubs.

Even if the mother is around to protect her cubs, it is unlikely that she will be able to ward off a hungry lion or hyena.

The other leading cause of high infant mortality rate is a weakened immune system. Many cubs suffer from weak, undeveloped immune systems due to a lack of genetic diversity. The declining population leads to a loss of genetic diversity, which in turn leads to cubs that are susceptible to disease and sickness.

16. A Coalition of Kings

King cheetahs are aloof animals and don't depend on social networks to survive. Female cheetahs especially, are solitary. They raise their cubs, hunt and live alone.

However, male cheetahs often tend to live in small groups, usually with other male siblings. The collective noun for this grouping is a ' coalition.'

It's highly unlikely that you'll ever see a group of male king cheetahs in the wild. However, in the case that you do, you'll be witnessing a coalition of kings.

17. The Biggest Threats That King Cheetahs Face

The entire cheetah population, including king cheetahs, faces threats due to human-animal conflict. Overhunting, habitat loss, the exotic pet trade, and the illegal trafficking of cheetah body parts contribute to the rapidly declining population of cheetahs.

The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) lists cheetahs as an endangered species. The cheetah population is barreling towards extinction with an estimated 7100 of these big cats existing in the wild.

As the future of cheetahs is so uncertain, the future of the king cheetah is even more so. With dwindling populations of African cheetahs the likelihood of the rare recessive gene showing up decreases by the day.

18. They Were Once Believed to Be a Cross Between Hyenas and Leopards

The legend of the king cheetah in African folklore dates back to a love affair between a hyena and a leopard. Locals in Rhodesia, modern-day Zimbabwe, believed that the king cheetah was the offspring of this tryst and they called the rare animal nsui-fsi.

When settlers arrived in the country, they thought this story to be utter nonsense. So, Major A. Cooper came up with a better explanation. After shooting the animal he sent an image to The Field magazine with the suggestion that rather than a hyena, a leopard reproduced with a cheetah.

19. Acinonyx rex is a Redundant Name

As mentioned earlier, the zoologist R.I. Pocock dubbed the unusual species Acinonyx rex after examining it at the British Museum. ' Rex' translates into English as ' king' or ' ruler.'

Pocock used this name to distinguish the king cheetah as a separate species and the title lasted for over a decade. In 1939, the lack of evidence proving the distinction between cheetahs and king cheetahs led to the acceptance that both specimens are one and the same.

Therefore, Acinonyx rex is simply a relic of the past. The king cheetah's scientific name is also Acinonyx jubatus.

20. The First Picture Taken in 1975 in Kruger National Park

For decades after its initial discovery in Zimbabwe, the king cheetah remained a character of myths and legends. However, in 1974 the first picture of a king cheetah put those tales to rest. Finally, there was solid proof that this magical creature roamed the African plains.

For many years following the initial sighting and photograph, there were no more sightings in the Kruger. More than a decade later, in 1986, another photo appeared proving the existence of two young king cheetahs in the southern region of the park.

This is the last recorded sighting in the Kruger National Park, and indeed, the world.

21. HESC Welcomed the Birth of Two King Cheetah Cubs in 2013

The Hoedspruit Endangered Species Centre (HESC) witnessed something spectacular - the birth of two king cheetah cubs. The most fascinating aspect of the arrival of these two unique balls of fluff is that only their father, Tristan, is a king cheetah.

The cubs' mother, Tilla, is not a king cheetah, yet she carries the recessive gene.

22. Zoe and Zian Born in 2015 at HESC

HESC had the honor of welcoming yet another two king cheetah cubs in 2015. You may be thinking that this is a brother-sister duo due to the naming. And the staff at HESC made that same mistake initially.

A couple of months after the birth of the cubs, the siblings were playing together and climbing trees. Unfortunately, a branch smacked Zoe in the eye, and the injury required veterinary attention. It was then that the vet informed HESC members that Zoe was in fact a boy!

It's difficult to identify the sex of cheetahs. While males are often slightly bigger, these cats don't display the same degree of gender distinction as other big cats do.

23. Cheetah vs King Cheetah: A Possible 21st Century Sighting and Debate

Kruger National Park's Facebook sighting page and animal forums were alight with debate after a safari-goer posted a blurry picture of what looked like a king cheetah.

In February 2021, the photo caused a stir online as many felt that the poster doctored the photo to make the spots appear blotchy.

KNP has since removed the post from their Facebook page due to the heated debates.

24. King Cheetah Facts: Diet

King cheetahs are carnivores and their choice of food is the same as the African cheetah. They hunt and consume medium-sized prey, and don't have a regular feeding schedule as mealtimes revolve around hunting success.

Up to 58 percent of a cheetah's hunts are successful. This is much higher than the success rate of leopards, and even lions. Cheetahs hunt gazelles, such as Thomson's gazelles, but also springbok, wildebeest, smaller antelopes, hares and rodents.

While the king cheetah has speed on its side, prey animals are often able to run for longer. This is their greatest advantage in escaping a cheetah's claws.

25. It's Difficult to Breed King Cheetahs in Captivity

There is a scramble to preserve the recessive gene that produces the enchanting king cheetah's appearance. This is no easy feat, as the genetic pool of cheetahs becomes smaller by the day, while breeding in captivity is a struggle.

There are many challenges with breeding cheetahs in captivity. The cats won't breed in front of humans and they require a lot of space to prosper. The big cats experience chronic stress and have a much lower reproduction rate than other captive cats.

Additionally, captive cheetahs are susceptible to a number of diseases, so breeding for conservation is a constant uphill battle.

An Uncertain Future for the King of Cheetahs

Originating from a place of myths, legends and supposed love affairs between unlikely animals, the king cheetah's story is a fascinating one. Mystery and unknowns shroud the animal's existence. Yet one thing is certain, they are incredibly rare and their numbers are few.

Will you be next to snap a photo of a wild king cheetah? While the chances of spotting these mystical cats are extremely slim, all you can do is try. Book a safari, keep your eyes peeled, and your camera ready - you may be lucky.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
25 Facts About the King Cheetah: Africa's Rarest Cat

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The king cheetah is one of the rarest animals in the world. Less than 10 are believed to exist in the wild, with a further 50 in captivity. So, what is a king cheetah? With its unusual markings, the king cheetah was once considered a different species.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Clue is a board game where three to six players try to figure out three main facts of a murder: the murderer, the location of the murder, and the murder weapon. They do this by having their characters run around a mansion and gather evidence.

Clue is often referred to as "Cluedo" in the UK, where it was invented. In fact, most people around the world know the game as "Cluedo" and North Americans understand it as "Clue." The game was first designed during World War 2 by Anthony E. Pratt, with the original version being called "Murder!" The publisher, Waddingtons, then renamed the game to "Cluedo" after the English word "clue" and the Latin word "ludo" which translates to "I play." Once it was licensed again to another publication, Parker Brothers, the game was simplified to the name "Clue."

Players want to make sure they have all of the contents needed for the game:

The Clue game board

One die

A pad of detective notebook sheets

A secret envelope

Six suspect tokens

Six murder weapons

21 cards

Every player will choose one character piece. If, for example, there are only three players in a game, then only three characters will be played. One person will sort the cards by type and shuffle each pile face-down. Without looking, they'll take one suspect card, one weapon card, and one room card, and slide them into the secret envelope.

Then, someone will shuffle the rest of the cards together, and deal them clockwise to the players until all cards are dealt. It's important to place the murder weapons in random rooms and put no more than one weapon in each. However, some modern versions of Clue assign the weapons to specific rooms.

Next, a player will place the suspect tokens on the assigned starting squares. Each player takes the closest suspect token that has not already been chosen by another player, and the game begins.

The character Miss Scarlett takes the first turn. Turns continue clockwise around the table. On a player's turn, they will roll the die and move their playing piece however many spaces it says on the yellow squares. Players can move into a room as long as the number they roll reaches the number needed to go into the room. There are several additional rules to note:

Players can move only horizontally or vertically, never diagonally.

Players can't enter a space or doorway they have already entered on the same turn.

Players can move through a doorway to enter a room, but this ends their movement.

Players can't move through a yellow space occupied by another player, but multiple players can be in the same room.

Players who start their turn in a room with a secret passage can use the secret passage instead of rolling the die. This will put their character in another room across the board, ending their movement.

Players who end their movement in a room can make a suggestion to help eliminate suspect possibilities by guessing the murderer, murder weapon, and murder location. For example, if a player just entered the lounge and they're ready to guess, they might say something like, "I suggest the crime was committed by Colonel Mustard, in the lounge, with a dagger." Then, the named suspect and murder weapon are both moved into the current room.

The player to the guesser's left must disprove the suggestion by showing them one card from their hand that matches it. If that player can't do so, the player to their left must also disprove the suggestion by showing one card from their hand. This responsibility passes clockwise until someone shows the guesser a card, or until all players have passed.

When someone reveals a card, the player who sees it should cross it off on their detective notebook as a possibility. Any cards the player holds should also be crossed off as possibilities. This is top secret information, so players shouldn't see each other's notebooks. It's a good idea for players to make a suggestion every time they enter a room on their turn as a strategy for winning the game.

A piece might be moved into a room on another player's turn when a character is suggested as a suspect. Instead of rolling the die or taking the secret passage on the next turn, players can simply make a suggestion in their current room.

In all other cases, players must start their turn by rolling a die or taking a secret passage. Players cannot stay in the same room to make suggestions.

Players are ready to make an accusation when they have eliminated all the false possibilities and have not had their suggestions disproved. When a player believes they have solved the case, they can end their turn by making an accusation. Players can do so by announcing that they are making an accusation and stating their final guess of the murderer, the murder weapon, and the murder location.

Once this is done, the player making an accusation secretly looks at the three cards in the murder envelope. If they are correct, they lay the cards face-up on the table, proving to all players that they have won the game.

However, if the accuser is wrong, they lose the game. The accuser will then secretly replace the three cards back in the murder envelope without revealing them. Once a player has lost, their turn is over and they are eliminated from the game. Losers no longer take any turns but must stay at the table to disprove the suggestions of others. If their piece is blocking a doorway, it is moved into the room.

If all players except one make an incorrect accusation, the last player standing wins.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Clue is a board game where three to six players try to figure out three main facts of a murder: the murderer, the location of the murder, and the murder weapon. They do this by having their characters run around a mansion and gather evidence.

# data[].attributes.body
https://wolf.org/wolf-cams2/

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.askaboutgames.com/all-about-lego-dimensions/

# data[].attributes.headline
I found a something about Gray wolfs From Eden 

# data[].attributes.subject
I found a something about Gray wolfs From Eden 

# data[].attributes.body
https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/facts/gray-wolf

# data[].attributes.body
https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/nature/kids-vs-plastic/article/pollution-1

# data[].attributes.body
https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/facts/tiger

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/kidspost/what-is-minecraft/2013/03/14/98c54514-8a57-11e2-a051-6810d606108d_story.html

Minecraft used in schools
https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/kidspost/minecraft-spawns-classroom-lessons/2013/03/14/717aed66-87b8-11e2-98a3-b3db6b9ac586_story.html?tid=a_inl_manual

# data[].attributes.body
https://lenmorse.medium.com/original-board-game-review-clue-20f65667dd3b

# data[].attributes.body
https://animals.mom.com/the-body-structure-of-wolves-12582482

# data[].attributes.body
https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/facts/cheetah

# data[].attributes.body
link to bowling info

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Who invented the game of tennis?

What are the dimensions of a tennis court?

What is the size of a standard tennis ball?

tennis, original name lawn tennis, game in which two opposing players (singles) or pairs of players (doubles) use tautly strung rackets to hit a ball of specified size, weight, and bounce over a net on a rectangular court. Points are awarded to a player or team whenever the opponent fails to correctly return the ball within the prescribed dimensions of the court. Organized tennis is played according to rules sanctioned by the International Tennis Federation (ITF), the world governing body of the sport.
(Read Britannica's interview with Naomi Osaka.)
Tennis originally was known as lawn tennis, and formally still is in Britain, because it was played on grass courts by Victorian gentlemen and ladies. It is now played on a variety of surfaces. The origins of the game can be traced to a 12th-13th-century French handball game called jeu de paume ("game of the palm"), from which was derived a complex indoor racket-and-ball game: real tennis. This ancient game is still played to a limited degree and is usually called real tennis in Britain, court tennis in the United States, and royal tennis in Australia.
(Read Chris Evert's Britannica entry on the U.S. Open.)

I Am the Greatest (Athlete)

The modern game of tennis is played by millions in clubs and on public courts. Its period of most rapid growth as both a participant and a spectator sport began in the late 1960s, when the major championships were opened to professionals as well as amateurs, and continued in the 1970s, when television broadcasts of the expanding professional tournament circuits and the rise of some notable players and rivalries broadened the appeal of the game. A number of major innovations in fashion and equipment fueled and fed the boom. The addition of colour and style to tennis wear (once restricted to white) created an entirely new subdivision of leisure clothing. Tennis balls, which historically had been white, now came in several hues, with yellow the colour of choice. Racket frames, which had been of a standard size and shape and constructed primarily of laminated wood, were suddenly manufactured in a wide choice of sizes, shapes, and materials, the most significant milestones being the introduction of metal frames beginning in 1967 and the oversized head in 1976.

While tennis can be enjoyed by players of practically any level of skill, top competition is a demanding test of both shot making and stamina, rich in stylistic and strategic variety. From its origins as a garden-party game for ladies in whalebone corsets and starched petticoats and men in long white flannels, it has evolved into a physical chess match in which players attack and defend, exploiting angles and technical weaknesses with strokes of widely diverse pace and spin. Tournaments offer tens of millions of dollars in prize money annually.

History

Origin and early years

There has been much dispute over the invention of modern tennis, but the officially recognized centennial of the game in 1973 commemorated its introduction by Major Walter Clopton Wingfield in 1873. He published the first book of rules that year and took out a patent on his game in 1874, although historians have concluded that similar games were played earlier and that the first tennis club was established by the Englishman Harry Gem and several associates in Leamington in 1872. Wingfield's court was of the hourglass shape and may have developed from badminton. The hourglass shape, stipulated by Wingfield in his booklet "Sphairistiké, or Lawn Tennis," may have been adopted for patent reasons since it distinguished the court from ordinary rectangular courts. At the time, the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) was the governing body of real tennis, whose rules it had recently revised. After J.M. Heathcote, a distinguished real tennis player, developed a better tennis ball of rubber covered with white flannel, the MCC in 1875 established a new, standardized set of rules for tennis.

Meanwhile, the game had spread to the United States in the 1870s. Mary Outerbridge of New York has been credited with bringing a set of rackets and balls to her brother, a director of the Staten Island Cricket and Baseball Club. But research has shown that William Appleton of Nahant, Massachusetts, may have owned the first lawn tennis set and that his friends James Dwight and Fred R. Sears popularized the game.

An important milestone in the history of tennis was the decision of the All England Croquet Club to set aside one of its lawns at Wimbledon for tennis, which soon proved so popular that the club changed its name to the All England Croquet and Lawn Tennis Club. In 1877 the club decided to hold a tennis championship, and a championship subcommittee of three was appointed. It decided on a rectangular court 78 feet (23.8 metres) long by 27 feet (8.2 metres) wide. They adapted the real tennis method of scoring-15, 30, 40, game-and allowed the server one fault (i.e., two chances to deliver a proper service on each point). These major decisions remain part of the modern rules. Twenty-two entries were received, and the first winner of the Wimbledon Championships was Spencer Gore. In 1878 the Scottish Championships were held, followed in 1879 by the Irish Championships.

There were several alterations in some of the other rules (e.g., governing the height of the net) until 1880, when the All England Club and the MCC published revised rules that approximate very closely those still in use. The All England Club was the dominant authority then, the British Lawn Tennis Association (LTA) not being formed until 1888. In 1880 the first U.S. championship was held at the Staten Island Cricket and Baseball Club. The victor was an Englishman, O.E. Woodhouse. The popularity of the game in the United States and frequent doubts about the rules led to the foundation in 1881 of the U.S. National Lawn Tennis Association, later renamed the U.S. Lawn Tennis Association and, in 1975, the U.S. Tennis Association (USTA). Under its auspices, the first official U.S. national championship, played under English rules, was held in 1881 at the Newport Casino, Newport, Rhode Island. The winner, Richard Sears, was U.S. champion for seven consecutive years.

Tennis had taken firm root in Australia by 1880, and the first Australian Championships were played in 1905. The first national championships in New Zealand were held in 1886. In 1904 the Lawn Tennis Association of Australasia (later of Australia) was founded.

The first French Championships were held at the Stade Français in 1891, but it was an interclub tournament that did not become truly international until 1925; the French Federation of Lawn Tennis was established in 1920. Other national championships were inaugurated in Canada (1890), South Africa (1891), Spain (1910), Denmark (1921), Egypt (1925), Italy (1930), and Sweden (1936). In 1884 a women's championship was introduced at Wimbledon, and women's national championships were held in the United States starting in 1887.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Tennis | Rules, History, Prominent Players, & Facts

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Tennis, game in which two opposing players (singles) or pairs of players (doubles) use tautly strung rackets to hit a ball of a specified size, weight, and bounce over a net on a rectangular court. Points are awarded whenever the opponent fails to return the ball within the prescribed dimensions of the court.

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.britannica.com/search?query=king+cheetah

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Table of Contents

This article was most recently revised and updated by

dodo, ( Raphus cucullatus), extinct flightless bird of Mauritius (an island of the Indian Ocean), one of the three species that constituted the family Raphidae, usually placed with pigeons in the order Columbiformes but sometimes separated as an order (Raphiformes). The other two species, also found on islands of the Indian Ocean, were the solitaires ( Raphus solitarius of Réunion and Pezophaps solitaria of Rodrigues). The birds were first seen by Portuguese sailors about 1507 and were exterminated by humans and their introduced animals. The dodo was extinct by 1681, the Réunion solitaire by 1746, and the Rodrigues solitaire by about 1790. The dodo is frequently cited as one of the most well-known examples of human-induced extinction and also serves as a symbol of obsolescence with respect to human technological progress.

The dodo, bigger than a turkey, weighed about 23 kg (about 50 pounds). It had blue-gray plumage, a big head, a 23-cm (9-inch) blackish bill with reddish sheath forming the hooked tip, small useless wings, stout yellow legs, and a tuft of curly feathers high on its rear end. The Réunion solitaire may have been a white version of the dodo. The brownish Rodrigues solitaire was taller and more slender, with smaller head, short bill lacking the heavy hook, and wings with knobs. All that remains of the dodo is a head and foot at Oxford, a foot in the British Museum, a head in Copenhagen, and skeletons, more or less complete, in various museums of Europe, the United States, and Mauritius. Many bones of solitaires have also been preserved.

The dodo's prominent role in bringing attention to the extinction of species, coupled with advances in genetics that could allow for its resurrection ( de-extinction), have led scientists to consider the possibility of bringing the dodo back. The sequencing of the dodo genome by geneticists in 2016 reinvigorated this discussion as well as the ethical debate of using de-extinction techniques to alter natural history.

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica John P. Rafferty.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
dodo, (Raphus cucullatus), extinct flightless bird of Mauritius (an island of the Indian Ocean), one of the three species that constituted the family Raphidae, usually placed with pigeons in the order Columbiformes but sometimes separated as an order (Raphiformes).

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Tips to keep you and your horse healthy on the trail

W ith trail riding season in full swing, you might have already heard that one or more of your trail buddies' horses are dealing with lameness or other health struggles. Layups due to injury or illness can cost you, both in veterinary bills and in time lost from your favorite activity.

Although it sometimes seems that horses disproportionately invoke Murphy's Law, there are proactive steps you can take to increase the likelihood your four-footed trail-riding buddy stays healthy and happy all season. Riding the right horse is first and foremost. A level-headed horse will keep both himself and you safe and, on the trail (as in most life situations), health and safety go hand in hand. Although trail riding is a carefree stroll through nature for some horses, others aren't cut out for it.

"A trail horse will come across challenges that are never seen in an arena or on the farm," says Kristen Reiter, DVM, a veterinarian from Oak Harbor, Washington, who has participated in informal and organized rides for 23 years. "Riding a horse that sizes up the obstacles and creatures it encounters, thinks them through, and has minimal spook response will be safer than the horse whose flight response outweighs its reasoning and thought processes."

Andy Shaw, who manages the Appaloosa Horse Club's annual 100-mile Chief Joseph Trail Ride, in Idaho, adds that a calm, sturdy, well-conditioned horse that covers ground (doesn't just poke along) without jigging and fighting for his head all day provides the most enjoyable ride.

Reiter and Shaw answered 17 of our questions about keeping your horse sound and healthy throughout the ride season.

1. What's the best way to start the season?

Begin by having your veterinarian perform a thorough checkup several weeks before your first scheduled ride. He or she will be able to determine if your horse is physically fit and sound enough for the rides you have in mind. You can also get a blood draw for a Coggins test at that time, along with the necessary health certificate for crossing state lines if you need it.

"Remember, though, that a health certificate is merely a written certification that your horse doesn't appear to be affected by any communicable diseases," Reiter says. "It's not a declaration of your horse's overall health and fitness. An underweight horse can be issued an official health certificate for travel, as can a horse with noncontagious disease such as lameness secondary to arthritis or unmanaged Cushing's disease. In either instance the horses mentioned aren't ideal candidates for a trail ride."

2. Does my horse need vaccinations if I only trail ride him?

Absolutely. When you trail ride, you have no idea what pathogens (disease-causing organisms) other horses might have been exposed to, says Reiter. You also might encounter mosquitoes that can transmit diseases such as Eastern or Western equine encephalomyelitis and West Nile virus, wildlife that can spread rabies, and microorganisms in the environment that cause diseases such as tetanus. There are also venomous snakes.

"Riders participating in an organized ride where horses travel from across the country, often boarding along the way, may also wish to protect their horses with influenza and rhinopneumonitis vaccinations," she adds, or, if you ride in rattlesnake country, the snakebite vaccine. "Share your travel plans with your veterinarian, and ask what she recommends."

3. What kind of shoes will protect my horse's feet?

Have your horse shod a couple of weeks prior to any extended ride, and ask your farrier for advice for your particular location. He or she might recommend hoof pads or boots to protect against stone bruises.

Reiter says trail riders' opinions vary concerning shoeing, pads, borium, boots, and going barefoot. Trail conditions obviously play a role, as does each horse's hoof strength and health. "I've ridden my gelding along 230 miles of gravel railroad bed over 2 ½ weeks and completely decimated a set of shoes that were placed just prior to the ride," she says. "Conversely, I have a friend who has ridden her horse along multiple legs of the Chief Joseph Trail Ride without any shoes at all. Choose what works best for your horse. I always err on the side of caution and, in addition to shoeing, I bring a full set of properly fitted boots in case a shoe is wrenched off or thrown. I put one pair in my saddlebag and keep the other in my trailer."

4. How should I condition my horse so he's up to the ride?

Shaw says to train in terrain and at elevations similar to what you'll experience on the organized ride.

Based on his experience, he's found that a good rule of thumb is to ride at least 10 miles per session, three times a week, for at least four weeks prior to any long-distance or otherwise challenging ride.

5. What ride-specific training will my horse need to stay safe?

"Your horse will need to stand tied quietly to just about anything-trailers, picket lines, high ties across trees or strung between horse trailers, trees, and bushes," Reiter says. "Hobbles can also come in handy. And many trail riders pack portable corrals appropriate for their storage capabilities, their horse, and the terrain, but acclimate your horse to them in the safety of your pasture at home," to make sure he doesn't try to escape.

If possible, she also recommends practicing walking over all types of bridges (wood, metal, concrete, with sides and without); through safe water, mud, and bog crossings; and over rock shelves.

"A horse that's trained to sidle up to a fallen log is an extra bonus for those who have difficulties mounting from the ground," she adds. "And try out trail gear before the ride. Saddlebags are cumbersome and can be floppy. The additional weight behind the saddle can feel weird to a horse and turn (your ride) into a rodeo as the horse bucks to free itself of the extra baggage."

Shaw adds that you need to know your horse is safe around other horses. If he doesn't like to be ridden up on from behind, tie a red ribbon to his tail so others know he might kick.

"We also like to keep horses in groups of buddies," he says. "You can use a buddy-sour situation to your advantage to get a horse across a creek or other obstacle."

6. What should I know about feeding on overnight rides?

Know ahead of time that some organized rides provide feed, some don't. And state or national lands might require visitors to use certified weed-free hay to prevent noxious weed invasions. To avoid colic issues from switching forages, Shaw recommends getting certified hay well ahead of time and avoiding feed type changes (hay to pellets, etc.).

To fulfill her hard-keeping horse's need for ample forage, Reiter provides weed-free hay in a slow-feeding bag whenever she's off the trail or cooling down.

7. What do I need to consider about tack and equipment?

Clean, well-fitting tack in good repair and padding to avoid sore backs and rub spots are must-haves.

"You need to log hours riding in your gear to scrutinize your horse's withers, back, and girth (area) to know if your saddle, pad, and cinch are properly fitted and appropriate to the extended periods of use," says Reiter. "I'm a big fan of mohair cinches and wool pads for both English and Western saddles.

"Pulling collars instead of standard breastcollars free up horses' shoulders and allow them better reach for those tough climbs," she adds. If you ride English, a Y-shaped or yoke-style three- or five-point attachment provides the same mechanics. "Don't even think of trail riding without a breastcollar unless the area you'll ride in is flat as a board. Saddles slide with ascents and descents and can cause painful rubbing that breastcollars and cruppers can prevent."

Reiter also emphasizes the importance of having clean tack and pads. "That grass blade stuck to the bottom of your saddle pad will become abrasive after five hours under the saddle and can create a painful rub or gall," she says. "I usually carry duplicates of everything-pads, bridles, cinches-so I can use dry gear every morning and (clean) the encrusted sweat and dirt off of the tack as needed. This way, my horse heads out each day on the trail with clean tack."

8. How important is grooming?

Reiter can't stress enough the importance of grooming your horse and paying particular attention to where the tack will lie. Clean the crusty dried sweat off his girth area and back, she says, and inspect him for rubs and galling after riding.

Also monitor for bit rubs. "If an area is inflamed or swollen, consider different-fitting tack for the next day," Reiter says. "Slather (a cream) on the skin lesion to protect it and help dry it up."

Carry a hoof pick on the trail so you can dislodge rocks from shoes, she says, and pick out your horse's feet after every ride.

"A sponge bath after a particularly dusty and hot ride can be a great reward," Reiter adds. "And I always make sure that I clean any dirt from (horses') eyes and nostrils if we've been in particularly dusty areas."

9. How can I prepare for weather changes?

Depending on where you live, your horse might tolerate sudden temperature and humidity changes quite well. But if you live in a warm climate and will be riding in the mountains, you'll need to plan accordingly.

On the trail, Reiter says, be prepared for any weather. "The mountains can bring all sorts of unexpected changes," she says. "I left camp one morning on a bright, sunny day. We lunched in the colorful wildflowers but, not even an hour after remounting, the skies grew dark, the wind picked up, and the heavens dumped an icy-cold deluge. I'd left my rain gear in camp. I was saturated, cold, and miserable the several hours it took for us to ride back."

For this reason she recommends packing good rain gear, such as an oilskin Aussie coat. Carry gloves and a jacket or riding vest for warmth, if needed.

In these situations bringing along a blanket-even just a sheet-could be advisable. Keeping your horse dry is generally more important than protecting him from cold, says Shaw.

"Pack for the region," Reiter adds. "Often the temperatures plummet when the sun sets. I bring a waterproof winter blanket, a rain sheet, and a fly sheet and mask for my horse. Packing all the horse luggage suggested and utilizing it is reserved for point-to-point or wagon-wheel rides where riders return to the trailer every evening. For those ... packing in their gear, this equipment is pared down to the bare essentials."

As for temperature changes the other direction, "If I'm concerned they are getting too warm, I will apply cool water to their necks, particularly over the jugular vein to help drop their temperature," Reiter says. "If I feel they are compromised because of the heat, I will dismount, loosen their cinch, and walk alongside them to let them rest. Whenever water is available, I allow them to drink and will use a sponge or towel to soak them down, remove the dried and encrusted sweat, and cool them."

10. What should I do if I'm lost?

Rule No. 1: Never ride without a buddy, says Shaw.

"The U.S. Forest Service utilizes the STOP procedure," says Reiter. "As soon as you realize you're lost, stop (stay where you are), think (retrace your steps mentally, recall landmarks), observe (if you're still on the trail, you can safely backtrack until you get to a fork, looking for hoof prints to guide you), p lan. If you're not confident in your plan, stay put, preferably with an unobstructed view of the sky, and lay the brightest piece of clothing you have on the ground."

Tie your horse safely to a tree, untack, and get comfortable. "Obviously, if you have phone service, call for assistance," she says. "For backcountry riding, a satellite phone can prove invaluable in the case of an emergency and lack of adequate cell signal.

"If your horse is tired or injured, make him as comfortable as possible: Provide water if available, take off his bridle, put on his halter, loosen his cinch, and unfasten his breastcollar so he can lower his head. If he's hot and you have some extra water-I stress 'extra'; don't give him the last of the water you need to survive a hot day-(put some on a cloth and) wipe his jugular veins to cool him off."

11. How long can a horse stay out on the trail without water, especially in hot climates?

"I wouldn't miss an opportunity to offer a horse water if you encounter it, but on many of the rides I've done, horses aren't interested in water until the lunch break (four hours into the ride) or even a bit after," says Reiter. "Obviously, the need for water increases with the degree of work, the temperature, humidity, and how well-hydrated he left camp. In a perfect world, I'd offer my horse water every two to three hours and spend breaks in the shade if possible."

12. What if my horse won't drink from natural water sources?

Shaw says he's had horses that drink any chance they get and others that don't want to drink from creeks or other bodies of water. "(On the Chief Joseph Trail Ride), we provide water for the horses in troughs, and they get an opportunity to drink in the morning and the evening, so they may prefer not to drink from a creek or pond out on the trail. The reality is, if a horse is really thirsty, he's going to drink."

But if you're concerned, says Reiter, "you could carry a CamelBak (wearable hydration pack) with water from home, as well as a collapsible bucket or bowl, and offer him a drink halfway through the day.

Be sure to load him up with water when you get back into camp, either offering from water you've stowed away in a tank or by adding water to his hay or grain. I utilize oversoaked beet pulp to get more water into my horses when needed."

13. What do I do if my horse gets dehydrated or starts tying-up during a summer ride?

For a horse with a history of tying-up (a muscle condition also known as exertional rhabdomyolysis, caused by exhaustion, overexertion, or dietary and electrolyte imbalances, among others), do your best to find him water, says Reiter. "Dismount, loosen the cinch, hand-walk him (if he isn't actively tying-up), and try to find him water," she says. "If he's tying-up, the most important thing to do is remain stationary; walking during an episode can actually increase the damage. If your horse has a genetic predisposition to tying-up, you may have worked out a treatment protocol with your vet and have the medications needed to make him more comfortable. A sedative injection combined with a dose of phenylbutazone can alleviate his discomfort until the signs pass. Only after the signs have subsided should you attempt to walk your horse in from the trail. Provide multiple breaks, stopping every 20 to 30 minutes or so. If the sun is setting, set up camp and make a night of it. Then walk him out the next day. If he isn't responding or if he's getting worse and you can't phone for assistance, you may need to send your riding partner for help."

14. What if wildlife threatens?

The best thing to do, Shaw says, is stay calm. "I've encountered elk and bears and different things, and usually the horse will alert me by stopping and pointing his ears at it," he says.

"(These wild animals) don't want to encounter you any more than you do them," adds Reiter. "Remember that you're safest on your horse; do your best to stay aboard."

If you run into:

Cougars, "make yourself look bigger than you are," she "Hold your jacket out to increase your body mass."

Bears, be loud, and don't surprise "At Yellowstone one year, our scout sus- pected bear were nearby," she says. "He had us count down our column, the first rider shouting, 'One!' the second, 'Two!' and so on. It was a way to make noise to scare off the bear, while not alarming those who might panic if they knew a bear was near."

Moose or bison, give them "We've seen moose on the Chief Joe and walked 150 horses by them," Reiter says. "As long as you give them their space and just keep moving, they appear to keep to themselves."

15. How should I deal with adverse reactions to bugs?

Reiter recommends carrying fly spray that contains sunscreen to extend its efficacy and a fly mask with fine mesh that won't interfere with your horse's vision. If your horse is hypersensitive, your veterinarian can prescribe medications such as oral or injectable corticosteroids to use on an as-needed basis, unless your horse is so hypersensitive that he needs daily oral corticosteroids as a preventive measure.

16. What about handy bandaging hacks?

Reiter says that when you're on the trail, you'll use what you have to fix whatever injuries your horse presents. She always carries a quilted leg wrap and a rolled standing bandage or a package of Vetrap in her saddle bag. "Feminine pads make great absorbent bandages for a bleeding wound," she adds. "I also carry a tube of phenylbutazone and one of flunixin meglumine for pain control. Most veterinarians will prescribe oral medications for emergency use.

"While out on the trail, your goal is temporary stabilization until help becomes available," she adds. "If your horse suffers a major injury, your goal is not to repair it trailside, but to stabilize it the best you can so you can get back to camp and locate veterinary assistance. Ideally, with a major injury, you shouldn't move the horse too much. On the trail in the backcountry, you may not have an option, in which case you would find the shortest distance to roadside access and arrange for a trailer to come pick up the horse, rather than try to limp it back to camp."

17. What if my horse is prone to gastric ulcers?

It's far better to stay ahead of an ulcer than to treat it. "Any stressful event can exacerbate the issue-traveling cross- country, eating different native grasses, limited grazing, surrounded by unfamiliar horses and activities," says Reiter. "At the minimum, the ulcer-prone horse should be on some sort of ulcer supplementation. If he's particularly stressed, you might consider proactively treating with omeprazole while you're away from home. Try to keep his meals the same as at home so you don't compound his stress with gastrointestinal changes and challenges. Horses with ulcers or propensity to forming them do better with unlimited forage. For this reason, I allow my horses to graze and grab mouthfuls of grass when we trail ride. One study suggests that beet pulp may decrease the risk of developing ulcers, as well."

Take-Home Message

Trail riding can be the calming activity you need when you're stressed after a week of work or, simply, life's challenges. For a positive experience on the trail, know your horse, understand his needs, and provide for them pre-emptively.

When you know you've done all you can to prepare for any eventuality, you (and your horse) can relax, forget your cares, and enjoy the beauty around you.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
17 Tips for Recreational Trail Riders - The Horse

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
W ith trail riding season in full swing, you might have already heard that one or more of your trail buddies' horses are dealing with lameness or other health struggles. Layups due to injury or illness can cost you, both in veterinary bills and in time lost from your favorite activity.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Roblox

Developer(s)
Roblox Corporation

Publisher(s)

Roblox Corporation

Director(s)

David Baszucki,
Erik Cassel

Platform(s)

Windows, macOS, iOS, Android, Xbox One

Release date(s)

Windows
September 1, 2006
iOS
December 11, 2012
Android
July 16, 2014
Xbox One
November 20, 2015

Genre(s)

Game creation system, massively multiplayer online

Mode(s)

Single-player, multi-player

Roblox is an online game platform and game creation system developed by Roblox Corporation that allows users to program games and play games created by other users. Created by David Baszucki and Erik Cassel in 2004 and released in 2006, the platform hosts user-created games of multiple genres coded in the programming language Lua. For most of 's history, it was relatively small, both as a platform and a company. Roblox began to grow rapidly in the second half of the 2010s, and this growth has been accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Roblox is free to play, with in-game purchases available through a virtual currency called Robux. As of August 2020, Roblox had over 164 million monthly active users, including more than half of all American children under 16. Although Roblox has received generally positive reviews from critics, it has faced criticism for its moderation, microtransactions, and exploitative practices directed toward children.

Roblox Studio

Roblox allows players to create their own games using its proprietary engine, Roblox Studio, which can then be played by other users. Games (called "experiences" by the corporation) are made with an object-oriented & open-source programming language based on Lua, known as LuaU. Users are able to create purchasable content through one-time purchases, known as "game passes", as well as microtransactions which can be purchased more than once, known as "developer products" or "products". The majority of games produced using Roblox Studio are developed by minors, and a total of 20 million games a year are produced using it.

Items and currency

Roblox allows players to buy, sell, and create virtual items which can be used to decorate their virtual character that serves as their avatar on the platform. Clothes can be bought by anyone, but only players with a Premium membership can sell them. Only Roblox administrators can sell accessories, body parts, gear, and packages under the official Roblox user account; virtual hats and accessories can also be published by a select few users with past experience working with Roblox Corporation. There are several individuals who design items as a full-time job, with the highest-earning creators making over $100,000 a year off item sales. Items with a limited edition status can only be traded between or sold by users with a Roblox Premium membership.

Robux allows players to buy various items, and are obtained by purchase with real currency, from a recurring stipend given to members with premium membership, and from other players by producing and selling virtual content in Roblox. Prior to 2016, Roblox had another currency, Tix (short for "Tickets"), that was discontinued in April of that year. Robux acquired through the sale of user-generated content can be exchanged into real-world currency through the website's Developer Exchange system. There are a sizable amount of scams relating to Robux, largely revolving around automated messages promoting scam websites, scam games designed to appear to give out free Robux, and invalid Robux codes.

Roblox occasionally hosts real-life and virtual events. They have in the past hosted events such as BloxCon, which was a convention for ordinary players on the platform. Roblox operates annual Easter egg hunts, and also hosts an annual event called the "Bloxy Awards", an awards ceremony which also functions as a fundraiser. The 2020 edition of the Bloxy Awards, held virtually on the platform, drew 600,000 viewers. Roblox Corporation annually hosts the Roblox Developers Conference, a three-day invite-only event in San Francisco where top content creators on the site learn of upcoming changes to the platform. The company has also hosted similar events in London and Amsterdam.

Roblox occasionally engages in events to promote films, such as ones held to promote Wonder Woman 1984 and . In 2020, Roblox hosted its first virtual concert, which was compared by Rolling Stone to that of American rapper Travis Scott's virtual concert in Fortnite, during which American rapper Lil Nas X debuted his song "Holiday" to an audience of Roblox players. In 2021, Swedish singer Zara Larsson performed songs at a virtual party to celebrate her new album Poster Girl (Summer Edition). On September 17, 2021, a virtual concert by the American band Twenty One Pilots took place. In October 2021, Roblox partnered with Chipotle Mexican Grill to giveaway $1 million of burritos away to the first 30,000 people everyday as apart of Chipotle's Halloween Boorito promotion.

History and development

The beta version of Roblox was created by co-founders David Baszucki and Erik Cassel in 2004 under the name DynaBlocks. Baszucki started testing the first demos that year. In 2005, the company changed its name to Roblox, and it officially launched on September 1, 2006. In March 2007, Roblox became compliant with COPPA, with the addition of safe chat, a change that limited the communication ability of users under the age of 13 by restricting them to selecting predefined messages from a menu. In August, Roblox applied server improvements and released a premium membership service named "Builders Club". This paid membership feature was rebranded as Roblox Premium in September 2019.

In December 2011, Roblox held their first Hack Week, an annual event where Roblox developers work on outside-the-box ideas for new developments to present to the company. On December 11, 2012, an iOS version of Roblox was released, and on July 16, 2014, an Android version was released. On October 1, 2013, Roblox released its Developer Exchange program, allowing developers to exchange Robux earned from their games into real-world currencies.

On May 31, 2015, a feature called 'Smooth Terrain' was added, increasing the graphical fidelity of the terrain and changing the physics engine from a block-oriented style to a smoother and more realistic one. On November 20, Roblox was launched on Xbox One, with an initial selection of 15 games chosen by Roblox staff. New Roblox games for the Xbox One have to go through an approval process, and are subject to the Entertainment Software Ratings Board standards.

In April 2016, Roblox launched Roblox VR for Oculus Rift. At the time of release, more than ten million games were available in 3D. Around the same time period, the safe chat feature was removed and replaced by a system based on a whitelist with a set of acceptable words for users under 13 years old and a set of blacklisted words for other users. In June, the company launched a version compatible with Windows 10. While the game platform has had a presence on the PC since 2004, when its web version was created, this was the first time it was upgraded with a standalone launcher built for Windows.

Throughout 2017, Roblox engaged in a number of updates to its server technology, as the technology they were operating on until that point was out of date and led to frequent outages. Also in 2017, Roblox closed its official forums. In November 2018, the ability for a player to play as a "guest", without an account, which had been progressively restricted over the previous two years, was removed entirely. In July 2020, Roblox announced the creation of "Party Place", which functions as an online hangout. The feature was created using new technology that had been used during the 2020 Bloxy Awards, and was designed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Roblox was granted permission to release in China on December 3, 2020. In 2021, Roblox bought chat platform Guilded. In October 2021, Roblox experienced its longest downtime to date, with services being unavailable for three days.

Community and culture

Users of Roblox have been noted for their efforts against racism, with numerous regular users and co-founder Baszucki having declared their support for the George Floyd protests and Black Lives Matter. In August 2019, an investigation by NBC News revealed over 100 accounts linked to far-right and neo-Nazi groups. After being contacted about the accounts by NBC, Roblox moderators removed them.

Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected Roblox in numerous ways. Due to quarantines imposed by the pandemic limiting social interaction, Roblox is being used as a way for children to communicate with each other. One of the most noted ways that this method of communication is being carried out is the phenomenon of birthday parties being held on the platform. COVID-19 has caused a substantial increase in both the platform's revenue and the number of players on it, in line with similar effects experienced by the majority of the gaming industry, as players forced to remain indoors due to COVID-19 lockdowns spent more time playing video games.

"Oof" sound effect

From its release to November 2020, Roblox's sound effect for when a character dies was an "oof" sound, which became a substantial part of the platform's reputation due to its status as a meme. The sound was originally produced by video game composer Tommy Tallarico for the 2000 video game Messiah, and he and Roblox entered into a copyright dispute. The dispute ended when Roblox agreed to pull the sound from their platform and replace it with another death sound, and Tallarico agreed to allow Roblox to release the sound again at a later date on its marketplace, which game developers on the platform would be able to purchase for a price of US$1.

In January 2017, toy fabricator Jazwares partnered with Roblox Corporation to produce toy minifigures based on user-generated content created by developers on the platform. The minifigures have limbs and joints similar to that of Lego minifigures, though they are about twice the size. The minifigures have limbs and accessories that are interchangeable. The sets included a code that was used to redeem virtual items, as well as blind boxes that contained random minifigures. In 2019, Roblox Corporation released a new line of toys, branded the "Roblox Desktop" series. On April 13, 2021, Roblox partnered with Hasbro to release Roblox themed Nerf guns and a Roblox themed edition.
List of Roblox games

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Roblox Developer(s) Roblox Corporation Publisher(s) Roblox Corporation Director(s) David Baszucki, Erik Cassel Platform(s) Windows, macOS, iOS, Android, Xbox One Release date(s) Windows September 1, 2006 iOS December 11, 2012 Android July 16, 2014 Xbox One November 20, 2015 Genre(s) Game creation system, massively multiplayer online Mode(s) Single-player, multi-player Roblox is an online game platform and game creation system developed by Roblox Corporation that allows users to program games and play games created by other users.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Minecraft

Developer(s)
Mojang

Publisher(s)
Mojang

Producer(s)
Markus "Notch" Persson

Designer(s)

Jens "Jeb" Bergensten

Artist(s)

Kristoffer Zetterstrand
(In-game artwork)
Markus "Junkboy" Toivonen

Composer(s)

Daniel "C418" Rosenfeld

Platform(s)

Computer ( Java), as Browser Applet, iOS, Android, Xbox 360, Raspberry Pi.

Release date(s)

Classic: May 17, 2009
Indev: December 23, 2009
Infdev: February 27, 2010
Alpha: May 17, 2009
Beta: December 20, 2010
Official Release November 18, 2011

Genre(s)

open world, survival mode

Mode(s)

Single-player, Multiplayer

Minecraft is a video game made by Markus "Notch" Persson. It was run by a company called Mojang, and was sold to Microsoft in 2014 for US$2.5 billion.

Minecraft is an open world survival game where the player can play in a world made of blocks. The player can walk around and break the blocks which make up the interactive landscape. The player can then put the blocks back together to make new constructions. The player uses equipment and tools to break blocks (aka voxels), such as a pickaxe.

The first version was released for PC players on May 17, 2009. After going through alpha and beta versions, the full version was released on November 18, 2011. A version for Android was released on October 7, 2011, and an iOS version was released on November 17, 2011.

The game was released on the Xbox 360 as an Xbox Live Arcade game on May 9, 2012. It was released for the PlayStation 3 on December 17, 2013, and for the PlayStation 4 on September 4, 2013. It was available for Xbox One the next day; and for the PlayStation Vita on October 14, 2014. On December 10, 2013, a Windows Phone version was released.

On April 29, 2019, It was announced the creator of Minecraft will not be included in the game's 10th anniversary.

Minecraft was created as an experiment to test random creation for caves. Minecraft was inspired by Infiniminer, another game created by Zachary Barth. The first version of Minecraft was released on May 17, 2009. The beta was released on December 20, 2010. The full game was released on November 18, 2011. At first, Minecraft was created only by Markus Persson. Other people started to work on it when Persson started an independent video game company called Mojang Specifications. The company was later renamed simply to Mojang. Later in 2011, a version of Minecraft named "Pocket Edition" was released for iOS and Android. In 2012, Persson gave HAXOB the job of being the main developer of Minecraft. In 2012, Minecraft came out on the Xbox 360 as a download and was available for 1600 Microsoft Points ($19.99). In 2013, Minecraft came out as a disc for the Xbox 360 and PS3. Versions for the Xbox One and PlayStation 4 were released in September 2014. A version for the PlayStation Vita was released in October 2014. The Wii U edition was released in December 2015. In 2017, versions for the Nintendo Switch and the Nintendo New 3DS were released.

In the game, there are three major game modes. In the "creative" mode, players can create and build with unlimited materials. Almost any structure that you create in Minecraft needs a circle as a base. Tombs, towers, chimneys, tunnels are all created with the help of circles. There are Minecraft circle chart, Minecraft circle guide to make a circle in Minecraft. In survival, the first goal is to survive the night. During the night, monsters come out to fight the player, but players can build a shelter to protect themselves from these monsters. Players can build simple shelters by mining wood logs from trees to survive the night and make weapons to fight back. There are other dimensions in-game called the nether and the end. Portals are required to enter both of these dimensions. The nether portal requires at least 3 obsidian blocks going vertically and 2 horizontally. The nether portal can be larges however it must be a rectangle. End portals are found in strongholds located underground. The best way to find a stronghold is to throw an eye of ender into the sky which will cause it to hover over to the direction of a stronghold. In the End dimension is the ender dragon, the final boss. Players can also create and kill another boss called the wither. Creepers, a popular symbol of the game, were created when Persson tried to change the pig model and accidentally made it taller, rather than longer.

There are 5 game modes in Minecraft:

Survival Mode: The player can gather resources, kill monsters, mine minerals and make items such as tools, armor and weapons, but it is not necessary. The player must gather food in order to survive starvation. If the player dies, they then are given the choice to respawn back into the game and continue to play.

Hardcore Mode (Java Edition Only): Is the same as survival mode, but with two differences. If the player dies, the world they play in is deleted and they cannot play in that world again. Also, the game is locked on hard difficulty and cannot be changed without any help from a third-party program.

Creative Mode: The player gets an unlimited number of blocks and tools. This mode was created to let the player build whatever constructions they wanted to. They do not need to deal with surviving in this mode, as the player cannot die.

Spectator Mode (Java Edition only): Allows players to go into other players' viewpoints and "spectate" them. Players can spectate mobs too. When in this mode, the player has the ability to travel through blocks and can fly. The inventory is invisible, thus making it impossible to place blocks in spectator mode.

Adventure Mode: This mode is designed for community maps. The player can not place or break blocks unless they have the right tools.

In all modes (except spectator mode), players can build things such as houses, pixel art and towers. There is also a multiplayer mode, where players can play together over the Internet. This requires the player to enter a server IP address.

Multiplayer

Multiplayer, as mentioned above, requires a server address. This is more commonly known as an IP address. Once a player has one of these, they can connect to the server and play with their friends. They can also connect to a server that is very popular and has people the player has never met before and go on any profile they would like.

The other way is to create a local area network (LAN) world, so people connected to the same internet connection can play together.

Consoles use local coop or online coop. 1-4 on local, 1-16 online. PvP is also an option.

Minecraft Realms is a special version of the original multiplayer. When buying a realm, players can buy their own server, hosted by Mojang. In Minecraft Realms, there are several "mini-games", which are maps/games created by popular Minecraft users.

The term "mob" is short for mobster. Mobs are different kinds of monsters, animals, or Non-Player-Characters (NPC). The different types of mobs are:

Hostile: These will attack the player on sight. They include zombies, skeletons, wither skeletons, slimes, creepers, ghasts, the ender dragon, the wither, blazes, witches, endermen, magma cubes, guardians, endermites, shulkers, husks, strays, evokers, vexes, vindicators, drowneds, phantoms, pillagers, sliverfish and ravagers.

Passive: These are mostly animals such as cows, pigs, ocelots, cats, red foxes, arctic foxes, bats, chickens, horses, donkeys, mules, rabbits, sheep, parrots, sea turtles, fishes, squids and mooshrooms ("mushroom cows"). They will run away when hit. They cannot hurt the player at all.

Neutral: These will only attack the player if the player attacks them first. They are wolves, polar bears, llamas, zombie pigmen, pandas, dolphins, bees, spiders (only attack at night unless you hit them during the day), endermen (attacks if you look at them in the eye), and iron/snow golems.

NPCs (non-player characters): This group so far only includes villagers which, like passive mobs, run if hit and cannot hurt the player. They are mobs that will not attack you in any way, and they might even help you.

Bosses: These mobs have much more health than normal mobs. They are the ender dragon and the wither. They have different means of fighting the player and drop unique and important items on death.

The player can build a nether portal out of 10 blocks of obsidian in a 5x4 grid (not including corners or inside) and go into a different dimension, the nether. Portals can be upscaled to be bigger, as long as they are still square/rectangular. In the nether, they can fight fireball-shooting ghasts, avoid or fight zombie pigmen, attack magma cubes, duel wither skeletons, search for brewing ingredients, dodge the fiery blaze, and try not to fall into the lava. The players can find nether fortresses where blazes and wither skeletons are common. It is mainly constructed of netherrack and nether brick. Players can also find quartz ore and ancient debris. During Minecon Live, a new update for the Nether was announced.

The player must find an end portal that will teleport them to The End. The only way to find a portal is to find a stronghold, either by accident or by using eyes of ender, which can be crafted by players. If they can fend off endermen and kill the ender dragon, they will be shown the credits screen, which also shows a backstory. They can still play after defeating the ender dragon. After players kill the ender dragon, it drops a black egg with purple spots that cannot be moved easily. However, it can be moved with a piston or by placing a torch two blocks underneath the egg and breaking the block between. Unlike the wither, the ender dragon can only be fought once. In the Console Edition, two of the ender dragon's health regenerators, known as ender crystals, are in iron bars. You will be able to respawn the dragon, and the main end island will have other islands surrounding endlessly.

Minecraft has a very large community with multiple fan forums and multiplayer servers. The Minecraft community is also one of the largest on YouTube with multiple online personalities creating parody songs, having it's own miniature culture, creative videos mimicking Minecraft counterparts such as mobs, building, PVP (player versus player combat) and other aspects of Minecraft.

The first version of Minecraft is called RD.

Java Edition

On May 17, 2009, Minecraft: Java Edition was released for Windows. It is the original edition of Minecraft. The complete version (1.0) was released on November 18, 2011.

Pocket/Bedrock Edition

On October 7, 2011, Minecraft: Pocket Edition was released for Android. On November 17, 2011, Pocket Edition was released for iOS. On July 29, 2015, Pocket Edition 0.12.0 was released, which added support for Windows 10 (separate to the main Java version). On December 19, 2016, Pocket Edition was fully released. On September 20, 2017, the title Pocket Edition and this version of the game is now known as Bedrock Edition.

Legacy Console Edition/PlayStation 4 Edition

On May 9, 2012, Xbox 360 Edition was released. On December 17, 2013, PlayStation 3 edition was released. On September 4, 2014, Minecraft: PlayStation 4 Edition was released. On September 5, 2014, Minecraft Xbox One edition was released. In 2015, Minecraft for the Wii U was released. In December 2018, all console editions except for the PlayStation 4 Edition were discontinued. The Playstation 4 edition would, however, be discontinued a year later.

Handheld editions

On October 14, 2014, Minecraft: PlayStation Vita Edition was released. On May 11, 2017, Minecraft for new Nintendo 3DS was released. The PlayStation Vita edition was discontinued in December 2018. The new Nintendo 3DS Edition updates ended on January 15, 2019. Then, they made it for Nintendo Switch and finished the PS Vita and 3DS versions.

Related pages

Images for kids

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Minecraft Developer(s) Mojang Publisher(s) Mojang Producer(s) Markus "Notch" Persson Designer(s) Jens "Jeb" Bergensten Artist(s) Kristoffer Zetterstrand (In-game artwork) Markus "Junkboy" Toivonen Composer(s) Daniel "C418" Rosenfeld Platform(s) Computer ( Java), as Browser Applet, iOS, Android, Xbox 360, Raspberry Pi.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Kiddle is a safe search engine, offering a safe web, image, and video search. Results are vetted by editors.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Kidtopia--a Google custom safe search engine for elementary age students

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Kidtopia is a Google custom student safe search engine for preschool and elementary students, indexing only educator approved web sites.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Britannica Money

Discover all you need to know about retirement, investing, and household finance, without the jargon or agenda. Get reliable guidance, insight, and easy-to-understand explanations, written, edited, and verified to Britannica's exacting standards.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Explore the fact-checked online encyclopedia from Encyclopaedia Britannica with hundreds of thousands of objective articles, biographies, videos, and images from experts.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
house cats - Kiddle - visual search engine for kids

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
house cats - Kiddle - visual search engine for kids

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
There's a page named Plastic on Kiddle encyclopedia. See also the other search results found.

Oops... your browser does not support JavaScript.

Please turn on JavaScript to use Kiddle.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
plastic - Kiddle - visual search engine for kids

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
plastic - Kiddle - visual search engine for kids

# data[].attributes.body
There is an assignment for you in Reading A-Z

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.worldbookonline.com/advanced/article?id=ar557740&st=tigers#tab=homepage. From Maeve hope this works!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Kids A to Z login page for students, parents, and teachers

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
There's a page named Gymnastics on Kiddle encyclopedia. See also the other search results found.

Oops... your browser does not support JavaScript.

Please turn on JavaScript to use Kiddle.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
gymnastics - Kiddle - visual search engine for kids

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
gymnastics - Kiddle - visual search engine for kids

# data[].attributes.body
RAZ kids assignment

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.kiddle.co/s.php?q=minecraft#gsc.tab=0&gsc.q=minecraft&gsc.page=1

# data[].attributes.body
It's all about Wimbledon

# data[].attributes.body
from Ms. Nicolich

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Create a new document and edit with others at the same time -- from your computer, phone or tablet. Get stuff done with or without an internet connection. Use Docs to edit Word files. Free from Google.

# data[].attributes.body
https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/animals/prehistoric

# data[].attributes.body
https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/animals/prehistoric/facts/triceratops

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
tasmanian tigers - Kiddle - visual search engine for kids

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
tasmanian tigers - Kiddle - visual search engine for kids