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An abrasion is a wound caused by the skin rubbing against a rough surface. It’s also called a scrape or graze and usually does not go deep.

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Wash hands and wear gloves (universal precaution)

Rinse the wound with clean water

Gently scrub dirt out with soap and gauze

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Apply antibiotic ointment

Cover with a sterile bandage

Watch for signs of infection

Medical referral not usually needed unless it’s large or won’t heal

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A laceration is a deep cut or tearing of the skin and tissues. It may be caused by a sharp object or impact injury.

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Apply gloves

Control bleeding with direct pressure

Clean around the wound carefully

Don’t remove deeply embedded objects

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May need stitches (sutures) if the cut is deep

Cover with sterile dressing

Watch for infection

Refer to medical care if gaping or bleeding heavily

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A puncture wound is a small but deep hole caused by a sharp, pointed object. These wounds often don’t bleed much but may cause internal damage.

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Use gloves

Control any bleeding

Do not remove embedded objects

Clean the surface around the wound

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Seek medical attention

Tetanus shot may be needed

Monitor for signs of infection

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An avulsion is a wound where a part of the skin or tissue is torn away completely or partially.

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Apply gloves

Control bleeding with pressure

Save the torn skin/tissue in sterile gauze (moist with saline) if possible

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Immediate medical attention needed

May require stitches or surgery

Risk of infection is high

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An incision is a clean, straight cut caused by a sharp object. It usually bleeds heavily and has neat edges.

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Wear gloves

Apply direct pressure to stop bleeding

Clean wound edges

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Sutures may be needed

Keep clean and dry

Watch for signs of infection

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Universal Precautions When Caring for Wounds

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Universal Precautions When Caring for Wounds

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Always wear gloves before contact with blood

Wash hands before and after care

Use clean, sterile dressings and equipment

Dispose of used materials safely in biohazard containers

Avoid direct contact with open wounds

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Redness spreading from the wound

Swelling and warmth

Pus or cloudy drainage

Foul odor

Fever or general illness