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Conflict and its dynamics have been changing

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Argues that democracy causes peace due to democracies being hesitant to go to war with other democracies due to various factors such as similar values and interdependence

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"Peace is the absence/reduction of violence of all kinds"

"Peace is nonviolent and creative conflict transformation"

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John Rawls invisible veil thought experiment

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John Rawls invisible veil thought experiment

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An experiment that allows one to evaluate the justice of their society.

If you were not you but somebody with characteristics you have no knowledge of, what society would you what to enter?

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An individual can do whatever unless it harms another

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Citizens give up some freedom participate in society in exchange for the benefits of being in said society.

Both citizens and government has to adhere to this contract in order for society to function smoothly

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States where the government has completely collapsed

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States that have weak internal sovereignty

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There are many factors that can inhibit development. These can be political, social, and economic

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As stated by the United Nations, when a state is deemed to have failed in protecting its population against crimes against humanity, genocide, etc., it forgoes its sovereignty and other states can physically intervene.

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Advocates non-violent conflict resolution

Violence is always unjustified

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Violence: physical or psychological force afflicted upon another being

Non-violence: not participating in violence, using other means to solve conflict

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New wars differ from old wars in that instead of states fighting other states over territory and ideology, new wars involve varying combinations of state and non-state actors fighting in the name of identity politics

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Theory that says war is justified if the following clauses are met:

-Right authority: party seeking war have legitimate authority

- Just cause: the sought war must be for objective of restoring peace

- Probability of success: the sought war has a high probability of success

- Proportionality: acts in response must be proportionate to acts done

- Last resort: all other efforts of dispute resolution failed

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Violent
Non-violent

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The dynamic process of actual or perceived opposition between groups

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Peacemaking: stopping violent conflict and achieving negative peace

Peacekeeping: sustaining negative peace and involves UN peacekeepers

Peace building: building positive peace

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Absence of all forms of violence (structural, cultural and direct).

Sustainable as it does address root cause of conflict

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Absence of physical (direct) violence

Unsustainable as it does not address root cause of conflict, therefore deemed as fragile

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Absence of violent conflict

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Economic
Social
Environmental

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Ensuring that present actions to improve the lives of human beings and the environment should endure for future generations

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Lack of equality

Globalization can further inequality due to the unequal distribution of benefits

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Economic
Political
Social/Cultural

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The increasing interdependence and interconnectedness among groups due to the integration of trade, culture, finance, people and ideas in one global marketplace

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There are many different theories of what development constitutes and how to reach it.

- Development economics
- Modernization theory
- Dependency theory
- Neoliberalism
- Critical theories (Post development theory)
- Human development
- Sustainable development

https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/10QVycOwi7doEOQgl_xmYI2es5OJ16CJGE_0DXYQRNB8/edit#slide=id.p

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A sustained increase in the standard of living in a society.

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Fair treatment of all through the rule of law

Everyone is equal under the law, no one is above it

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All people have same value and should be treated the same

This concept shapes 2nd generation rights

This concept is sometimes contradicted with 3rd generation rights that are built on group rights

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Freedom to live without interference from those in power

This concept shapes first generation rights

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Universalism: Human rights should be universal due to the all humans being fundamentally the same.

Cultural relativism: Human rights should not be universal due to the different cultures and values of different people.

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Universal declaration of human rights

Created by the United Nations general assembly in 1948

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Freedom to ___

People in power need to start doing something

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Freedom from ___

People in power need to stop doing something

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Universal, inalienable, indivisible, and interdependent rights that belong to everyone

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Political mutual reliance

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Economic mutual reliance

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Mutual reliance

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Unspoken international rules

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Treaties and agreements signed by states

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ICC Abd-Al-Rahman Case

Truth reconciliation commission

UNDRIP

Sustainable dev goals

US withdrawal paris agreement

Venezuela economic crisis

US capital insurrection

Hong Kong protests

Uyghur muslims

Abuse by peacekeepers

Electric buses in Kenya

North Korea

Libyan civil war

E-team

Democratic republic of congo

Russian invasion of Ukraine

North Korea

Ethiopia Tigray war

Brexit

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Legitimacy between states

Gained by following international law

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Legitimacy within state

Often gained through democracy

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Belief that something should be obeyed

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Recognized as sovereign by other states

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Ability to exert legitimate power within state

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Absolute power

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States ensure their survival by balancing any power imbalance

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A combination of hard and soft power

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Power through force and coercion

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Power through influence and persuasion

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The ability of one global actor to inﬂuence the actions of another global actor.

- Fluid
- Ubiquitous
- Compounding

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Unit 1: Power, Sovereignty, and International Relations

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Unit 1: Power, Sovereignty, and International Relations