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The Harlem Renaissance was an African American cultural, social and artistic movement which [reached its peak] in the 1920s.[Happening in the] Harlem neighborhood in New York City, the movement spread through the United States and reached as far as Paris…Caused due to the Great Migration, Harlem Renaissance…came to an end during the Great Depression. Known as the New Negro Movement during the time, Harlem Renaissance is most closely associated with Jazz and the rise of African American arts…Harlem is a large neighborhood within the northern section of the New York City borough of Manhattan. Harlem was at first an exclusive suburb of white citizens but by the late 19th century most of them moved further south. The Great Migration started turning Harlem into an African American neighborhood. The population of black citizens in Central Harlem increased from around 10% in 1910 to more than 70% by 1930. The Harlem Renaissance [got its name because the] movement was majorly centered in Harlem, which became a place [where] African American intellectuals who contributed to the movement [lived].

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[There also was an] increased interest in the creative works of African Americans among white citizens. This … made the renaissance even more popular. In 1925, The New Negro: An Interpretation, a [collection] of fiction, poetry, and essays on African and African-American art and literature, was published. It was edited by Alain Locke, an African American philosopher and writer who is sometimes referred to as the ‘Dean’ of the Harlem Renaissance. The New Negro was a defining work of the Harlem Renaissance. In 1910, the NAACP launched its official magazine: The Crisis. It published many young African-American writers works including Arna Bontemps, Langston Hughes, Countee Cullen and Jean Toomer. By 1918, The Crisis had over 100,000 readers. In 1917, Hubert Harrison founded the Liberty League and The Voice, the first first newspaper dedicated to the Harlem Renaissance. Opportunity, The Messenger and Negro World were other journals made for the movement. The Harlem Renaissance also paved the way for more African American literature and had a huge impact on black [people] worldwide…

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The Harlem Renaissance saw…development in not only African American literature but in all arts. African American music; such as blues, spirituals and especially jazz, became a worldwide sensation and [grew] the renaissance. Harlem Stride Piano, a jazz piano style, was developed during the 1920s and contributed in spreading the popularity of the music among the wealthy. Also Blacks began to emerge in the classical world of music compositions, an area previously dominated by whites. Charleston, a dance form which developed from black folk dance, was associated with jazz and became [very popular]. [It became so popular with] whites that it sparked a [conversation] in cities such as New York and Paris. Several writers like Langston Hughes chose African and African American based folk [stories for their poetry]. Hughes, who is perhaps the most famous name associated with the renaissance, believed that black artists should focus on [creating] distinctive ‘Negro’ art. Hughes was also one of the early [creators] of the art form known as jazz poetry and famously wrote about the period that “the negro was in vogue.

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New York was the financial and cultural capital of the U.S. and also the central place for writers to get published. Harlem’s location made it a [great] place for the development and advancement of [creativity] by African Americans. The [Harlem] Renaissance was also a nationwide movement. Its influence…even had an impact on the French speaking Black writers from African and Caribbean colonies who lived in Paris. The major things that caused the Harlem Renaissance were a rise in literacy with black citizens. Also, many national groups dedicated themselves to the African American cause, like the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). More work between Black intellectuals created a sense of pride for their race; and a [need to] create a new identity. The Harlem Renaissance declined after the Wall Street Crash of 1929 and faded due to the Great Depression that followed. Major accomplishments of the movement include creating a new black identity, reducing racist ideas, changing the way the world viewed people of color and adding new art forms to New York City. The Harlem Renaissance had huge effects and built the foundation for the African-American Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s.

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Section 5: One summary using all key words

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Section 5: One summary using all key words