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The Age of Enlightenment (i.e John Locke) 

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The Age of Enlightenment (i.e John Locke) 

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Individuals began to emphasize reason over tradition and individualism over community values. These ideals challenged the roles of monarchs and the church including freedom and self determination. Writers would emphasize human accomplishments in understanding the natural world leading to conclusion that natural laws governed the social and political spheres as well

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Great Britain needed something else to burn after they had wasted all the trees on building houses and for heating and cooking. They started mining and digging up for coal as a new resource for energy. The invention of the steam engine was powered by coal which helped create long powering trains, ships, and more. They also created machinery in order to increase production of goods

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Economic enlightlenment ideas inspired Americans to go against English mercantalism. Colonial legislatures were becoming politically independent and because of the distance were seperating from the king in London. The declaration of independence expressed the fight against British rule over America

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Adam Smith published the book called The Wealth of Nations as a response to mercantilism wanting free trade. He advocated for laissez-faire so that the government would reduce the intervention in economic decisions. These ideas were part of capitalism which is an economic system where means of production are privately owned for profit.

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Exemplar (Delete this text when creating your own)
The French Revolution which happened in 1789 was the catalyst for a lot of change abroad while causing little meaningful change at home. The French people having been burdened by ridiculous taxes post 7 Years War, were looking to have more of a say in a new round of taxes that King Louie wanted to place. This eventually resulted in the creation of the national assembly which the French King responded by sending in the army. The common people won, but placed their trust in a new absolute ruler by the name of Napoleon.

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Slaves in Saint Domingue began to rebel against their masters by killing them and burning their homes. The American and French revolution both influence the start of this revolution causing Toussaint L'Ouverture to lead revolts and a general rebellion against slavery. Haiti was able to gain independence and was the first Latin American country to do so

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The United States began to industrialize in the 19th century and by 1900 became a leading industrial force. Immigrants coming from Europe and East Asia and migrants from rural areas provided labor force to work in the factories

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In many parts of South America,the desire for independence from Spain grew among the creole class. The creoles had seen the result in Haiti of a slave uprising as well as the excesses of the French revolution during the reign of terror. some creoles such as Simon Bolivar, continued to push for enlightenment ideals in Latin America. He promoted independence of areas that became venezuela,Colombia,Ecuador,and Peru.

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In Germany,nationalist movements had already strengthened as a result of opposition to French occupation of German states under Napoleon Bonaparte. Prussian leader Otto Von Bismarck,who like cavour favored realpolitik,used nationalist feelings to engineer three wars to bring out German unification.

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Karl Marx published a pamphlet called the Communist Manifesto going against capitalism. He argued capitalism produced poverty and misery and only further divided the two basic social classes. The bourgeoise exploited the proletariayt for the sake of higher profit. These ideas were used for communism where social classes in economic development would end

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Prime minister of Piedmont-sardinia Count di Cavour led the drive to unify the Italian Peninsula through manipulation.Austria had a lot of influence over the Italian Peninsula after the war between France and Austria. They used Giuseppe Mazzinis radical romantic revolutionary philosophy and they allied with the Red shirt military force led by Giuseppe Garibaldi to aid in unification effort and defeat the Austrian military

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Russia began to industrialize beginning by creating railroads and more exports that connected commercial and industrial areas. They created the trans-Siberian Railroad from Moscow to the Pacific Ocean which helped Russia trade easier. They developed their steel, iron, and coal industries and became the fourth largest producer of steel. They however remained mostly agricultural until after communists seized power.

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Industrialization in Japan started off with a challenge to their isolation policy of not accepting foreign trade. Commodore Matthew Perry and his squad sailed to japan demanding for trade. Leaders in Japan started the Meiji restoration in order to start their modernization and industrialization of Japan in order to not be defeated like China was while also keeping most of their traditions. They adopted western technology and knowledge which helped Japan increase their economic growth and better society