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I replied to Jessie under the Hufflepuff House!

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I replied to Jessie under the Hufflepuff House!

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I replied to an ACU student on Platform 9 and 3/4

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I replied to Platform 9 and 3/4. (Ana Rubio)

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Ask - eating habits, how they view and feel about food (perception and relationship), access to grocery stores, favorite foods/food aversions, family meals, sports, afterschool activities.

Assess - BMI (to understand the population, not to dictate individual care plans), readiness/desire for education and change, socioeconomic determinents of health, cultural restrictions/preferences, child's body image/mental health.

Advise - healthy alternatives or healthy supplemental foods (taking culture into consideration), destigmatizing cultural foods (education and awareness), nutritional balance, what constitutes physical activity/physical activity options.

Assist - provide direct or indirect resources for healthy foods and food access, discuss available interprofessional resources (dietations, counselors).

Arrange - mindful eating curriculums/workshops, referring to dietitions/counselors, cultural foods activities, space and opportunities for physical activity.

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5 A’s

As a community/school nurse we would use the 5As to assess Angelo’s case and work to prevent childhood obesity.

Ask: for permission to discuss weight

We would start by asking Angelo if he wanted to talk about his weight and how he can live a healthy lifestyle and prevent obesity as he gets older. We would make sure to be non-judgmental and try to make Angelo feel comfortable and in control. This way he would be more willing to open up and less likely to be embarrassed.

Assess: obesity related risk and potential root causes of weight gain

As part of Angelo’s assessment we would calculate his BMI and compare it to his growth chart. We would make sure to discuss how BMI is not a measure of how healthy someone is but just a tool used to better understand Angelo and his body type. More importantly, we would assess Angelo’s lifestyle. This includes sleep, eating behaviors, physical activity, sedentary activity, mental health, and medical conditions.

For sleep we would ask how much sleep he is getting a night and how tired he is feeling during the day. We would also ask Angelo about his eating habits and access to food he hasFor example, how many meals is he eating a day, how many snacks is he having, and what kinds of foods he is eating. We would also ask Angelo what activities he enjoys in his free time and at school, both physical and sedentary. Does play sports or have a good PE program at school? We would then assess his mental health and if he is experiencing any struggles with self esteem, anxiety, depression, bullying etc. Lastly we would discuss and consider any medical conditions that Angelo may have that could affect his weight.

All of these factors can influence how likely children are to become obese or struggle with weight. Lack of sleep, activity, unhealthy diet, poor mental health, and medical conditions can all affect how weight may change as a child ages.

Advise: on obesity risks, discuss treatment benefits and options

We would advise Angelo on the risks of obesity by explaining that although being obese can be unhealthy, BMI is not the best predictor of health. Better predictors of health are lifestyle factors like diet, exercise, sleep and mental health. By focusing on these lifestyle factors and working to improve a person is more likely to improve their overall health than if he just tried to lose weight.

Assist: in addressing drivers & barriers, offer education & resources, refer to provider

One piece of education we could provide Angelo with is what eating healthy looks like and how to make good choices when selecting snacks as he grows up and can choose his meals.

One potential  barrier that we could help Angelo with would be making sure that he could have healthy and balanced lunches since they don’t have school lunch programs where he is at. This could also be an opportunity to include his family who is probably assisting in buying and packing his food.

Arrange: for follow-up

Angelo can follow-up in a month and we can assess how his food choices have changed and what type of physical activity he is doing.

-Yuxin, Salma, Grace, Emma, Fatima, Lauren, Ana, Alexa, Rose, Val

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Ask – asking about daily food intake (food diary), how long and types of physical activity, where they live (high crime area, food desert, grocery store nearby), asking about access to food

Assess – assessing social determinants of health, assessing the area they live in, assessing their resources

Advise – advise about resources to access food (food bank, programs such as meals on wheels), making sure when advising patients to be aware of their social determinants of health, advise that the parents don’t push ”fad diets” on children but instead making sure that the child is eating healthy, education for parents and children about what are good/healthy foods for their specific situation (helping them where they are)

Assist – assist in accessing food programs such as food banks or meals on wheels, assist in finding places the child can do some physical activity

Arrange – arranging for access to food (food stamps, food programs), arranging a follow-up visit to evaluate the efficacy of the program

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Activity 2: Ann Sumner Thorp, Sarah Clark, Peyton Gully, Josie Crooks, Torrey Spence, Carter Broome, Makenzie Kimes, Taylor Venegas, Emma Kruger, Moriah Fender, Isabel Daumen, Georgie Costa, Lishna Dubarry

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Activity 2: Ann Sumner Thorp, Sarah Clark, Peyton Gully, Josie Crooks, Torrey Spence, Carter Broome, Makenzie Kimes, Taylor Venegas, Emma Kruger, Moriah Fender, Isabel Daumen, Georgie Costa, Lishna Dubarry

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Ask: What are the main factors that are contributing to childhood obesity?

Assess: What populations are more affected by obesity? Are there any common factors/denominators? Community assessment of healthy food options and areas that encourage physical activity

Advise: Healthy eating behaviors, importance of physical activity, mental health, and sleep. Talk to policy makers about increasing healthy food options in the community as well as outdoor areas for exercise/walking trails.

Assist: Providing resources like creating ways for people to access healthy food, facilitating events that encourage physical activity, getting community members involved.

Arrange: Arranging follow ups to assess if the interventions are helpful in making a difference in children’s overall wellbeing/health.

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Ask- make a survey for the students + parents asking about: what is the child’s diet? How much do they exercise? What access to afterschool acivities do they have? etc. to screen for potential problems

Assess- Assess access to exercise, outside spaces, recess time and equipment, what foods they’re bringing into school, if they have access to a gym/equipment outside of school

Advise- how to make changes based on assessment

Assist- inform family about resources, counsel/educate family on the importance of interventions

Arrange- facilitating connections between student/family and resources

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ASK: access to healthy affordable grocery stores?  Safe places to exercise?  Sleep habits?  Access to healthcare/yearly physical?
ASSESS: BMI, growth chart, BP, cholesterol, A1c, pAcEr TeSt beeeeep.
ADVISE: diet recommendations (8 glasses of water per day, healthy plate visual, avoid junk foods), exercise (aerobic - swimming, walking/running, sports), sleep hygiene (recommended hours/night by age).
ASSIST: nutrition resources (WIC, Meals on Wheels, EBT), transportation assistance to grocery store, provide resources IN NATIVE LANGUAGE.
ARRANGE: home visits, nutritionist consult, social services consult for financial aid, nutritional aid, etc., connect to primary care and yearly physicals.

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Ask- knowledge on healthy lifestyle, eating habits, food accessibility, allergies and food restrictions, diet. Assess- how ready are they to learn? Are they eager to make a change? Current physiological state? Resources available? Advise- reading food labels, resources available, age-appropriate, exercise programs, MyPlate chart, food pyramid, conversations with parents or guardian. Assist- access to healthier foods, transportation to sporting events or grocery stores, in research on healthy foods that they enjoy eating, meals
Arrange- healthy eating meals while in school, diet planning, snack choices in classrooms, transportation for families to food pantries or grocery stores if no access at home. Exercise into daily life.

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Ask - What resources do you have available? What do you typically eat in a day? How often do you feel hungry? Do you know that you will have three meals a day? What is commonly made at home? When/how often do you eat? How often do you play outside? What do you do when you play? When you play does your heart start to beat faster (and if so how often does this happen)?

Assess - Monitor weight and height. Monitor for any sort of metabolic condition or concern. See where they are located geographically--are they in a food dessert? Is there safe places to play outside or walk? Can they walk or do they need to ride in a car to go everywhere?

Advise - Explain what consists of a healthy meal. Show examples of what a serving size is (i.e. physically show a cup of broccoli). Ask about exercise provide recommendations. Work with schools to integrate health education and work in conversations about "play" with kids.

Assist - Linking kids/families with resources. Referrals to nutritionist/dietician. Get families connected with food banks. Engage in education about feeding your body and promoting a variety of foods.

Arrange - Sit down with family and make a plan. Ask the kid what kind of activities/play they engage in. Work with family to plan wholesome snacks or lunches with a variety of foods. Have follow-up appointments. Work with the kids to figure out what they LIKE to do, identify healthy foods/activities and encourage those. Work with kid to identify specific habits that are accessible and enjoyable. Create a positive relationship with food and exercise, "fueling your body" and "moving your body" not focused on just burning calories or body appearance. Emphasis a more individualized approach. Request federal funding for integrating healthy lifestyle education in schools.

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Sarah Austin, Michelle Rice, Ruby Lau, Ashley Mangum, Laura Hinnant, Shangyu Zhao, Nancy Bonilla, Kelly Nguyen

Our group discussed asking a child the following things to screen for and prevent obesity:

Ask:
First, ask the child if they are willing to discuss their weight. If so, proceed with the questions.
-Family history of obesity
-Food diary-Ask the child to recall everything they ate in the past day, or have them keep track of what they eat on a daily basis. Ask the child if their parents typically cook at home or if they eat out more.
-Exercise-Ask the child what they do for exercise. Include discussions about if they have access to greenways/parks.
-Hobbies-"What do you do for fun?"
-Transportation
-Financial status
Assess: Get vitals, weight, height, compare to a growth chart. If possible, collect history of how the child's weight has changed over time. Mental health screening, ask about common cultural food selections. Regular health history-ask about chronic conditions
Advise: Advise child to implement healthy diet, exercise regimen, encourage to participate in sports or physical activities they find enjoyable. Involve family!
Assist: Referral to food pantries if needed, help find dietician or provider. Provide written instructions/pamphlets about healthy lifestyle habits
Arrange: Follow-up care, routine education

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Ask - Ask if they've been educated on healthy lifestyle behaviors and get a baseline of their current knowledge and home situation
Assess - Assess for risk factors such as BMI, home situation and social history, diet, physical activity level, medications
Advise - Advise them to have a healthy diet and get adequate exercise
Assist - Assist with different resources such as food stamps
Arrange - Arrange for meetings with mentors, participation in programs such as exercise in schools, and consultations with a social worker or nutritionist

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Ask- what are you eating at home? Do you play outside? Do you play any sports? How much screen time?
Assess- height and weight, bp, physical activity assessment, assess environment, family history, school lunch
Advise- healthy eating habits, sports or programs to join.
Assist- encouragement, get connected with resources for nutrition and exercise. Education on relevant topics
Arrange- Family meetings, meetings with dietitian/ nutritionist.

Nicole F., Logan, Rachel, Meghan S., Karajah, Paola, Yuritzi, Monse, Zoe, Whitney, Kelsey, Kaylee C., India (ACU)

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I replied to ACU students under platform 9 3/4.

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I replied to an anonymous post in the "Ministry of Magic" about a Meals on Wheels Program in Australia for my individual post! Thank you!

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1 - The goals of “Go4Fun” are to educate children on different and healthy food alternatives and significant changes to physical wellbeing.

2 - We believe our intervention would be effective in locations/areas that have adequate resources for physical exercise (gyms/outdoor areas) and accessible food options (grocery stores). One possible barrier could be transportation to and from organized events. Another barrier could be how parents must be present at the event for 2 hours. Some children do not have consistent caregivers in their life who would be able to attend programs due to work/other life commitments.

3 - We could engage with local food banks, farmers, schools, health professionals, dietitians, physical therapists.

4 - The children could complete food diaries to show how they implemented healthier food into their diet. Also, we could send out general surveys to the parents to see how parents/families/children felt about the program.

5 - Resources we would need to make our intervention sustainable include efficient transportation for families to and from the events. As well as access to facilities to hold educational talks and physical exercise programs.

-Diagon Alley Group

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1. To partner with the Food Bank of Australia to collect and distribute various nutrient dense food items to school children in need.
2. Yes but it may not completely solve the needs of students. As donations are dependent on individuals, there is no standard or recurrence of replenished supplies. There may sometimes be an excess of donations and other times a deficit. Students could still face food insecurity despite best efforts of the organization.
3. Community members, grocery stores, restaurants, other non-profit organizations, schools, local produce producers, farmers, parents, food distribution companies, school administration
4. We could compile data on times where there was an excess of food and any food that was wasted vs times in which there was an excess of requests unmet to see if we were meeting needs. We could send surveys to students and parents to see if their needs are actually met.
5. Maintain relationships with all stakeholders, sending surveys and conducting reviews biannually to make sure needs are being met

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The goals of our strategy are collaborating with the local community to help raise awareness, introduce children to healthy eating habits, and allows them to understand the negative influences, such as sedentary lifestyle, can affect their physical capabilities.

We believe this strategy would work. Kids do well with visual and hands-on-learning, so having a combination of activities involved in this program would be beneficial for them to grasp these concepts. They could incorporate this into health class at school. If parents and teachers have rapport built with these children, teaching them would be more effective.

Teachers and parents would have to engage with the children for them to learn more bout healthy eating habits.

We would need access to consistent healthy food, awareness of childhood allergies, and cooperation of parents and teachers to assist with this project.

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Goals?
Collaborate with Food Bank Australia to distribute food to people in need. They partner with farmers and food companies who are willing to donate unwanted products that are in good condition and safe for consumption.

Proposed Intervention?
We think that this intervention would work because the organization already exists and operates and could be scaled to our specific population.

Who else do you need to engage with?
We would want to engage with the food bank to provide the food, the school nurse to connect the nonprofit to people in need, which would be community members. We could also coordinate with grocery stores for assistance storing and/or distributing the food. Available parents could also be included to help wherever needed and provide input on how well the system is working.

How would you evaluate your strategy?
We would determine how much food is given out compared to how much we estimated being needed. We could also arrange for the school nurse to provide brief health (both physical and mental) assessments of the children receiving the food to determine if the intervention is having a positive impact.

What resources do you need to make your intervention sustainable?
This intervention would be a lot of work for the school nurse, which may be unsustainable. One way to solve this potential problem would be to ask for parents or other community members to volunteer. -Yuxin, Salma, Rose, Val Grace, Emma, Fatima, Alexa, Lauren, Ana

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We responded to the post under Azkaban

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I replied to Lishna in the Griffindor House group for my individual response.

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Our strategy aims to ensure that children would have access to meals over an extended period of time, rather than just providing food on a day-to-day basis. We plan to provide meals to children through Meals on Wheels type services by either home delivery or pickup at designated times and locations to promote social distancing.

We feel that this strategy would be effective because we have seen Meals on Wheels provide effective services in Australia and America. Research suggests that food delivery services can reduce food insecurity rates. -https://www.mealsonwheelsamerica.org/learn-more/national/press-room/news/2018/04/17/meals-on-wheels-america-responds-to-recent-health-affairs-study-on-effectiveness-of-home-delivered-meals-on-reducing-health-care-costs#:~:text=Indeed%2C%20research%20findings%20suggest%20that,%2C%20addressing%20clients'%20holistic%20needs

This strategy would require collaboration from parents and from the school system. We would rely on the school system to get the word out to vulnerable families about how to access meal delivery services. This strategy also relies on volunteers as these meal delivery services are nonprofit. In the US we could count on support from school and public health nurses. In Australia there are no school nurses, but we could collaborate with school counselors and community nurses.

Feedback surveys can be utilized to measure effectiveness. Parent teacher interviews can also provide a look into how effective our strategy is.

The most important resources required for this strategy would be the manpower provided by volunteers and funding.

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Arlington, VA, April 17, 2018- Meals on Wheels America President and CEO Ellie Hollander issued the following statement in response to the recent study published in Health Affairs, "Meal Delivery Programs Reduce The Use Of Costly Health Care In Dually Eligible Medicare And Medicaid Beneficiaries":

Home-delivered meals can make a real difference in improving health outcomes while reducing escalating healthcare expenditures among vulnerable individuals. The recently published study inHealth Affairs showed an association between receiving meal delivery and lower rates of costly healthcare services among Medicare-Medicaid dual eligible individuals. This study expands a body of research that yields solid evidence as to why addressing nutrition and other social determinants of health is crucial to improving overall health and well-being and saving on healthcare costs.

Findings from Meals on Wheels America's ownMore Than a Meal Randomized Control Pilot Study provide some insights as to how and why home-delivered meals can help keep seniors in their homes and out of far more expensive healthcare settings like nursing homes and emergency rooms, as was evidenced by the Health Affairs study. Meals on Wheels programs offer so much more than just a meal by also delivering socialization, safety checks and connections to other services. These services, provided to more than 2.4 million at-risk seniors each year, are essential in helping them remain healthy and independent in their homes, which results in lower healthcare spending.

Food insecurity and malnutrition are associated with poor health and $77 billion in healthcare costs annually. This is why the core of Meals on Wheels services is the delivery of consistent, nutritious meals. Access to good nutrition is critical as older adults are often at risk of poor nutrition given the myriad of biological, social, economic and functional challenges that often accompany aging and limit a senior's ability to acquire, prepare and consume nutritious foods. Indeed, research findings suggest that receiving Meals on Wheels services reduces food insecurity rates by up to 28%.

Recognizing the interconnectedness of social determinants of health, many home-delivered meal services also take a broader, person-centered approach, addressing clients' holistic needs. For example, socialization is a key component of Meals on Wheels programs' success. Research has shown that older adults who eat alone experience poorer health, and that malnourishment and social isolation are interrelated issues among seniors. Research linking social isolation with mental health, chronic illness and mortality elucidates why the reduction seen in loneliness among Meals on Wheels clients may go a long way toward cutting into the $6.7 billion price tag AARP found to be attributable to social isolation.

Friendly visits also play a crucial role in helping seniors feel secure in their homes. Meals delivered by a volunteer and/or staff member provide critical eyes and ears in the senior's home, enabling them to identify and address safety or other hazards. These visits provide the critical human connection necessary to reduce the sense of isolation, which is known to be associated with negative health consequences and higher healthcare costs.

Falls among seniors is another major healthcare cost, at an estimated$50 billion annually. Malnutrition is a significant risk factor for falls among older adults. This may be why, according to our More Than a Meal Pilot Research Study, for every three older adults with a previous fall, Meals on Wheels services help to prevent one additional fall.

The Health Affairs study, which partnered a healthcare provider with local home-delivered meal services, also highlights the importance of bridging the gaps between healthcare providers and home- and community- based programs. Meals on Wheels programs play a unique role in building a trusted relationship with individuals receiving services, not only through the delivery of nutritious meals and the provision of important socialization and safety checks, but also by facilitating access to appropriate community services as an individual's needs change over time. A pilot study testing the influence of home-delivered meals delivered by Meals on Wheels on healthcare utilization found that post-discharge costs were reduced by 31% for beneficiaries of a Medicare Advantage plan, and nearly 30% of those receiving meals were referred to additional services ¹.

Meals on Wheels America commends the important work of Seth A. Berkowitz, Jean Terranova, Caterina Hill, Toyin Ajayi, Todd Linsky, Lori W. Tishler and Darren A. DeWalt, as this study is a critical step toward quantifying the true value of home-delivered meals - not only for improving the health and well-being of a rapidly growing senior population, but also for the financial health and vitality of the healthcare industry. We are committed to advancing the research in this area.

###

About Meals on Wheels America
Meals on Wheels America is the leadership organization supporting the more than 5,000 community-based programs across the country that are dedicated to addressing senior isolation and hunger. This network serves virtually every community in America and, along with more than two million staff and volunteers, delivers the nutritious meals, friendly visits and safety checks that enable America's seniors to live nourished lives with independence and dignity. By providing funding, leadership, education, research and advocacy support, Meals on Wheels America empowers its local member programs to strengthen their communities, one senior at a time. For more information, or to find a Meals on Wheels provider near you, visit www.mealsonwheelsamerica.org.

Press Contact:
Jenny Bertolette Young
Meals on Wheels America
571-339-1603
jenny@mealsonwheelsamerica.org

¹ Miller, Gail. Presentation before Aging Options in Aging Conference sponsored by the Administration on Aging, December 2006.

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MEALS ON WHEELS AMERICA RESPONDS TO RECENT HEALTH AFFAIRS STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF HOME-DELIVERED MEALS ON REDUCING HEALTH CARE COSTS

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Arlington, VA, April 17, 2018 - Meals on Wheels America President and CEO Ellie Hollander issued the following statement in response to the recent study published in Health Affairs, "Meal Delivery Programs Reduce The Use Of Costly Health Care In Dually Eligible Medicare And Medicaid Beneficiaries ": Home-delivered meals can make a real difference in improving health outcomes while reducing escalating healthcare expenditures among vulnerable individuals.

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1. Her goal is to keep kids healthy through utilizing resources like dietitians and physiotherapists to distribute healthier meals to kids and ensure better exercise.
2. Based on information from the WHO, we think the proposed intervention would work because our intervention emphasizes the importance of staying physically active to counteract having to use more canned foods in school lunches.
3. We would need the help of the dietitians, physiotherapists, family members, school lunchroom staff, and community partners for our plan to be effective.
4. We could evaluate the mental health of the kids before and after the intervention using a survey similar to the PHQ9 survey given to adults.
5. Community involvement has the potential to be an extremely helpful resource because having the community's support will allow for a much smoother intervention process and will encourage longer-lasting promotion of healthier lunches. Access to healthy food to distribute to the students is also an important resource.

Group Members Present: Peyton Gully, Moriah Fender, Josie Crooks, Sarah Clark, Torrey Spence, Taylor Venegas, Ann Sumner Thorp, Carter Broome, Makenzie Kimes, Isabelle Daumen, Emma Kruger

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I replied to Jessies post under hufflepuff house

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I replied to ACU students under platform 9 3/4

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- To progress this initiative the school must ensure that they effectively communicate with the community by creating a well thought-out plan to achieve this goal. The school must work in collaborative with the community to create the best possible outcome.

- The school could partner up with other organisations such as Food Bank to provide nutritious foods and resources for children. As these organisations are already established, it may be easier to adapt this initiative within the community with their support.

- Providing extra education on this topic could also help families establish healthier habits for their children. It is much easier for each individual family to make a change than trying to make a change within the whole community. If each family does their part at home, it can create more success in terms of building a healthier community.

Lishna Dubarry (S00269319)

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Week 5 Activity

Developing a healthy eating program with a nutritionist and/or dietician that would aim to provide nutritious meals for the families

Prepare some pack-and-go meals that can be picked up from the school that have the ingredients to cook a meal OR are pre-cooked meals

Provide informational sessions and cooking classes via zoom that will allow families to learn the importance of nutrition and how to cook these meals for their family

Utilising a food delivery service such as OzHarvest who can help with rescue food or provide the information required to support others

Zoom classes can be held with the guidance of physio’s and/or occupational therapists to encourage physical activity through guided lessons and fun activities

Opportunities for students and their families to access a therapist/counsellor through zoom to help with the burden of covid lockdown and provide some support

Alyssa P (ACU)

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The school could partner with an organisation that has already established a food program. For example, FoodBank or OzHarvest. Through a program like this, children can be provided with nutritional food

Collaborating with the community via surveys and/or zoom sessions to get a variety of different ideas on what could be done

Provide a general nutritional guide and exercise guide that children and families can follow and do in their homes

Optional exercise zoom sessions can be run to ensure physical activity during the lock down is maintained

- Jessie E (ACU)

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With a pandemic disturbing and halting everyday life, many people are negatively affected by these sudden changes. One includes the nutritional and wellbeing nature of both children and adults.

To gain a child’s attention, a collaborative and interactive activity can help children understand the importance of adequate nutrition and how it impacts their mental and physical wellbeing. Similarly, a program named ‘Go4fun” aims to educate children on different and healthy alternatives to food and significant changes to physical wellbeing. Actively collaborating with the local community helps raise awareness, introduces children to healthy eating habits, and allows them to understand the negative influences, such as a sedentary lifestyle, that can affect their physical capabilities.

With the caution of the Covid-19 virus, partnering with the local government and having parents and the school board, such as teachers, allows children to be more mindful of their diet. Through engaging with parents and teachers during their school lockdown, children opt to follow these developed ‘healthy eating plans’. By doing so, children can communicate with their parents and peers more frequently, making their home environment more vivacious and improving their mental health.

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Australian Catholic University Melbourne Campus, Victoria Parade, Fitzroy VIC

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Australian Catholic University Melbourne Campus, Victoria Parade, Fitzroy VIC

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Australian Catholic University Melbourne Campus, Victoria Parade, Fitzroy VIC

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Yi Chuah S00271703- week 4 tutorial replacement task.

Distributing food to school children in need face many challenges, thus it is important for the community involved to have a well- detailed plan to avoid any forms of miscommunication and errors from occurring. The school can utilise a partnership agreement with a non- for-profit organisation called ‘Food Bank’ Australia. This organisation aims to collect and distribute various foods items to those who struggle, such as bush-fire recovery, and COVID-19 support. Food Bank accepts donations from manufacturers, farmers and food companies who are willing to donate unwanted product. Examples of food items that can be donated include pasta, cereal, canned fruit and vegetables and sauce. These food items must be in good condition and follows protocol to ensure all donated food is safe for consumption. Working in a partnership with an organisation promotes collaboration and engagement as both parties are working together to achieve the same goal; providing food to school children; thus, it advocates for children’s health promotion to ensure they are consuming a nutritious diet.

Multidisciplinary teams can contribute significantly to ensure the safety of the children whilst in lockdown. Mental health can be significantly impacted due to decreased social interaction that is integrated within a classroom setting. This may lead to students feeling isolated with withdrawn from their society and their identity as a school student. To assist students in advocating for their mental health, the school nurse could work in collaboration with their school counsellor, such as having a short  conversation with students with protective PPE when delivering their food to initiate conversation about their mental health status. This can give students the opportunity to have physical interactions, whilst assessing their mental health during the duration of lockdown. Further online meetings can be scheduled if the school nurse or counsellor feels that the student needs more support. This ensures that students are coping with challenges of learning from home and evoke students to speak up appropriately to reach out for help during their time of need.

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Make Up Task for COIL Class Cancellation:

Food insecurity and nutritional deficits are accelerated during lockdown periods as children and adults relying on access to food via various institution, organisation and school meal programs are denied access to these essential services (McLoughlin, et al. 2020).

A program called Meals on wheels NSW is an established local partner who could be approached to engage with the school meal program. Meals On Wheels has a 60 year history that is organised by 14,000 volunteers with over 140 local branches across NSW and delivers 4.5 million meals each year. Meals on wheels is also partially subsidised by the Australian Government. If the school were to partner with this program when initiating a COVID lockdown meal program, students would still have access to nutritionally balances meals that could be picked up at the school or delivered to drop points or the door of family homes. Schools could also assist by expanding the hours they serve food. Similarly schools could provide a few days worth of meals in grab and go packages. It could also be arranged that parents and guardians can pick up these meal packages without the children being present allowing parents/guardians opportunities to collect food outside of work and school schedules which is particularly important during a pandemic for those who are front line workers. COVID meal programs would continue to provide essential nutrition while reduce food insecurity in children and acts as a prophylaxis measure against childhood obesity.

By continuing to provide access to nutritious food throughout the pandemic it could provide the comfort of normal routines during lockdown periods empowering children to continue with their normal activities as much as possible. Particularly to lower income and racial/ethical minority children who are more likely to live in circumstances and areas with limited food access (McLoughlin, et al. 2020). These children are also more vulnerable to changes in access during disasters like global pandemics (McLoughlin, et al. 2020). The multidisciplinary team can also be engaged by consulting dietitians and nutritionists to create meal plans that provide maximum nutritional benefits to children throughout the lockdown period. Occupational therapists and Physiotherapists could also be drawn in to organise and plan exercise regimes and activities that cater to a range of domestic dwellings to help provide safe and productive outlets for childhood energy. By providing healthy and safe places for students like Angelo who struggle with engaging in physical activities because of their health or bullying from other children it could empower children to form healthy habits during this lockdown period. The importance of maintaining mental health during a pandemic cannot be understated, by providing counselling or "catch up" times with students self-care and health promotion can be targeted and any students who are struggling can also be identified and additional support systems moved into place to help students.

Reference:
McLoughlin, G. M., McCarthy, J. A., McGuirt, J. T., Singleton, C. R., Dunn, C. G., & Gadhoke, P. (2020). Addressing Food Insecurity through a Health Equity Lens: a Case Study of Large Urban School Districts during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Urban Health, 97(6), 759–775. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-020-00476-0

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COIL Activity due to class cancellation on the 22/03/23

With a pandemic disturbing and halting everyday life, many people are negatively affected by these sudden changes. One includes the nutritional and wellbeing nature of both children and adults.

To gain a child’s attention, a collaborative and interactive activity can help children understand the importance of adequate nutrition and how it impacts their mental and physical wellbeing. Similarly, a program named ‘Go4fun” aims to educate children on different and healthy alternatives to food and significant changes to physical wellbeing. Actively collaborating with the local community helps raise awareness, introduces children to healthy eating habits, and allows them to understand the negative influences, such as a sedentary lifestyle, that can affect their physical capabilities.

With the caution of the Covid-19 virus, partnering with the local government and having parents and the school board, such as teachers, allows children to be more mindful of their diet. Through engaging with parents and teachers during their school lockdown, children opt to follow these developed ‘healthy eating plans’. By doing so, children can communicate with their parents and peers more frequently, making their home environment more vivacious and improving their mental health.

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During lockdown vulnerable people including children may be faced with adversity in terms of being able to have access to food that is both nutritional and healthy.

Getting members from the community such as those from the local community centre involved in providing a service similar to Meals on Wheels as well as introducing a service from as part of the school in which people in the community and parents can drop of ready made homemade meals in order to assist children getting nutritional and beneficial food whilst also decreasing spread of covid and increasing social distancing. Members from the community can turns in which who and when they drop off these meals.

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In many parts of the world masking was a part of everyday life pre-pandemic, making the pandemic era mask regulations easier for people to digest. This is the case in many parts of Asia including Japan, for example. Some people would even wear masks simply to feel more comfortable in public.  In the US there was no such culture, which I think made masking a more difficult countermeasure. I wonder how the US compares to Australia on this issue. I also know there are less advanced practice opportunities in other countries such as NP and CRNA, so I wonder how Australian nurses see their profession and scope of practice changing over the coming decades, if at all.

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Something that really surprised me is how different countries were affected by the pandemic, as well as how COVID-19 was handled. At the beginning of the pandemic in March 2020, Australia kept their confirmed cases below 400 while in the United States, our confirmed cases were up to 32,000. Additionally, health systems have a huge influence on how the virus is treated, as well as how accessible care is. There are many considerations that could have influenced this difference. One could be how strictly political systems enforced social isolation precautions, as well as how compliant the citizens of countries were. I researched an article from the New York Times that described how both Australia and the United States are English-speaking countries whose political systems are run by a democracy, yet in Australia, there was a significantly less number of deaths than in the US. The article blamed this difference on citizens’ trust in the health care system, as well as the trust that their fellow citizens were all working towards common good rather than harm. I found this to be very surprising because there could have been many deaths prevented, as well as significantly less burnout in health care professionals from such simple actions.

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Hi everyone! Something that excites me the most about becoming a nurse is the fact that I will have the opportunity to make a difference in the lives of others every day! To get to care for someone in one of the most vulnerable times in their life is a huge responsibility, but it is also a huge reward which is very exciting because I will have the opportunity to provide the best care possible and hopefully leave an impact on my patients' lives! The video of the nursing student in the United States was very similar to a day that I have. I relate to the beginning of the video where the girl has to work until 11:45 at night then has to wake up early in the morning because I do the same thing oftentimes when I have to babysit the night before a clinical shift. Something I found really interesting about the different days in the life of a nursing student videos is that in Germany, the nurses get their scrubs from something that resembles a clothing rack at the dry cleaners! I think this is an incredible way to control infection because you never know what the scrubs you bring from home may introduce into the hospital, even if they are clean, and vice versa upon leaving the hospital at the end of a shift and bringing dirty scrubs into your home. These videos did not highlight the role of the nurse in the community, and I believe this may be because community health is often taught as a specialty class in most nursing schools. However, I believe community health should become more integrated  early-on in the curriculum because keeping the community healthy is one of the main integral duties of a nurse.

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Melbourne had a srtict massive lockdown for the Covid-19 pandemic, people were limited in what activities they could participate in, there was a city-wide curfew, many Australians were limited to online work for a long time. Nurses suffered the same supply shortages and staff shortages that we did but many people felt safer during the pandemic, citing a proper government response. The effects of covid are still felt in hospitals where staff members are still wear masks everywhere with some floors still requiring nurses to wear N-95s everywhere. It was likely much easier for Australia, as a country of 25 milllion people, to management their population in comparison to the United State's 332 million populaiton.

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The differernces in nursing education I heard from the ACU students was how, they go straight into nursing education for 3 years rather than take an undergraduate general class load. After graduating some students will chooose to participate in a "grad year" where they experience a nurse residency in order to work in higher acuity areas like an ICU. The daily routines of nursing students seem similar however, there is a strong emphasis on labs/check offs for skills rather than preparation for a board exam after graduation. They also accept a significantly larger group of students (I heard about 1000 students) and have a more difficult time getting clinical placements.

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It was really interesting researching Haiti and their COVID infections and vaccination rates. It is interesting to keep in mind that Haiti is just 3% of the U.S population. It is staggering to see the statistic from Johns Hopkins that about 406,000 people in Haiti have at least one dose, which is less than 4% of the population, while America has about 80% of our population vaccinated with at least one dose. It said over and over in the World Data that infections were higher than that which was recorded because of the inability to test everyone all the time. This is affected by economic development and healthy systems. In America, we had a big political push to get vaccinated for the sake of the whole country but it doesn't seem like Haiti was in a political position to mandate vaccinations or strongly encourage it. This perhaps led to greater COVID deaths even if it wasn't reported accurately. I was surprised by the vaccination rates of Haiti and how it compares to America. I figured every country around the world would push vaccinations more but I realize not every country has unlimited resources to assist in that.

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Hey y'all! So sorry I couldn't make it for the zoom, I had an elective Spanish class. However, I wanted to share that what I am most excited about for the future as a nurse, especially a labor and delivery nurse, is that I get to spend quality time with my patients through either their happiest day or their saddest day and I can provide meaningful care to them. I love how there's a million different life pathways as a nurse and I can always change what I do. One of my nurses for capstone is from Germany so I really was interesting in watching the video of the nursing student from there. It was pretty similar regarding clinical, although I think she was there 12-9 while we have our clinicals 7-7. She prepped medication and engaged with the patient which is what we do too. The hospital looked pretty much similar to the States. I reallly enjoyed contrasting Germany with India. I am not sure if that is how all health care settings look in India but in the video, it looked more community health based because all the COVID patients were together in one room. It was cool to see her don all of our PPE. I love gaining perspective about nursing worldwide.

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Looking at the data resource provided, it is clear that Australia has done amazing in maintaining COVID cases and deaths since the start of the pandemic. In comparison to the United States, Australia has 742.89 deaths per million people as of March 7, 2023. This is quite small in the face of the United States' 3,285 deaths per million people in the same time frame. While the could be attributed to the differing population sizes, it is important to note the admirable COVID response by the Australian government. When Covid-19 first became a real threat to Australia in March last year, the Federal government responded quickly closing international borders and implementing a mandatory home isolation program for returning Australian citizens. These early border closures stopped the rapid spread of the virus and allowed for Australia to build a testing and tracing system that was not immediately overwhelmed and therefore very effective at controlling the spread of the virus.

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In researching Haiti, I decided to focus on the vaccination rate and saw a large influence of the economic development, political systems, and population size and culture on their total vaccination rates. Per 100 people, there are 4.45 cumulative vaccines administered. This is opposite of the US n which 202.43 cumulative vaccines have been administered per 100 people. This statistic surprised me at first as I expected there to be a higher rate of vaccination. However, with political instability and a high rate of poverty, access to vaccines, education, and health resources is limited which impacts the number of vaccines administered since 2020.

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Hi! My name is Ann Sumner Thorp, and while I was unable to join the COIL because of a study abroad trip to Melbourne, I enjoyed learning about the "day in the life" of nursing students around the world! What excites me most about a career in nursing is that I will get to walk with people through some of the hardest moments in life and provide support and encouragement and compassionate care. The "day in the life" of the student from Australia was similar to what a day looks like for me; however, instead of finishing a course before going on clinical placement for four weeks, we have clinicals simultaneously with our classes. The video of the day showed the role of the nurse in the community in terms of infection control utilizing proper PPE including a gown before entering the room of their patient to both protect the patient from potential outside exposure and also preventing the spread of any diseases the patient potentially has. While each video showed slight differences in our days, the heart behind the career remained the same and was encouraging as we begin to start our careers as nurses.

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What excites me the most about nursing is all the different people I will meet. The job could give me the opportunity to meet 5 different people every day at work. I also find it valuable knowing  the impact I could have in their lives. People will not be at their best while in the hospital but it is my goal to make sure they are given the best care possible and treated with dignity and respect.

Based on the observations I have had on ACU's campus one major difference is that their building is innovative and they have a beautiful student study section. This was also evident in the student's video we watched. Clinical placement is also done differently in Australia versus the U.S. In AU they finish all their coursework and then get approved to work in a clinical site so it is interesting to see how they do school first and then clinical practice. In contrast, our nursing school does them at the same time and students gets approved to do the skills throughout the semester. It is easier in the last semesters because we are able to do much more skills however, at the first two semesters it felt like we couldn't do much because we weren't approved for certain skills.

Australia has a population of 25.69 million. Compare that to the United States population of 331.9 million. It is very hard to determine which country better addressed COVID-19 however, Australia seemed to get a better handle on cases and less positive tests thru 2020 to 2022. This may have been due to the ability of Australia to better shut down the cities, provide curfews, etc. The U.S. struggled with this, however we have a lot of more people to control than Australia did.

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Germany essentially has a universal healthcare system.  Healthcare is required in Germany.  For those making about $70,000 (US dollars) or less, the state health insurance is required.  For those above this income threshold, private insurance is an option though most still elect to receive state insurance.  Germany is a large democratic nation.  In such nations, control over public health crises such as a pandemic can be challenging.  For example, government can take more time to make decisions and must be more responsive to the German people - all of whom may not be on the same page when it comes to the best way to manage COVID.  Take China for example -- China is a one-party communist state which exercises great authority over the Chinese people.  Thus, China was able to make quick decisions with harsh ramifications for violators when it came to COVID rules.  Lastly, the culture of Germany leans much more in the direction of "help out your neighbor" when compared to the United State.  The very fact that Germany was an early-adopted of a universal healthcare system reflects this fact.  Germans are okay with paying more in taxes to insure the health of their people.

Nonetheless, Germany was hit relatively hear during the pandemic despite their protective factors mentioned above. This is partially due tot the fact that Germany is a centrally located, highly populated, urban country in Europe. Many international travelers come through Germany, even if they just remain temporarily in the airport, due to Germany's central role in the airline industry. This made it hard for Germany to contain cases despite widespread lockdowns.

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In my local community (Belmont, NC), we are fortunate enough to have ample green space for exercise, relaxation, and socialization. Regarding food desserts, we are mostly fortunate as well. There are healthy affordable grocery stores within walking distance of most neighborhoods. However, we lack any form of public transportation are there are a few poorer neighborhoods that may experience difficulty accessing healthy food. The only options are small convenience stores that do not have healthy food. In terms of social interaction, Belmont does a great job. The town creates many opportunities for socialization. We have "Friday Night Live" in the summer where the town puts on a free concert on the main street. Pollution is an interesting topic in Belmont. Belmont is not a super densely population area, though we do host a major power plant within the vicinity of several neighborhoods. This plant has also historically released waste into the local lake. Both of these sources could have a deleterious effect on health, certainly for those living close to the plant. When it comes to local health services, we have many private resources for primary care, pediatrics, dental care, and even urgent care - though these are not fiscally accessible for the under/uninsured. Our county health department is a 20 minute drive so it is not accessible for those without transportation. Certainly after COVID, telehealth services are readily available - these are not limited by physical proximity so cheaper options may be available. When it comes to our built environment and racial divides, there are different neighborhood with clearly different economic and crime statuses. There is a traditionally black neighborhood that seems to slowly become gentrified due its proximity to the main street. Considering local and national health policies, The Affordable Care Act certainly had a large impact in Belmont, more people were able to obtain health insurance and thus gain or enhance access to healthcare.

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I am excited for a career in nursing because I love working with people to solve problems. Being a patient or family member of a patient can be really scary and I am very lucky to play a major role in making people's healthcare experience a pleasant one. The day in the life of a nursing student video did not quite match my experience as I don't put on make-up or get up super early to get coffee, though I can relate on packing personal medications in case I get a headache or something to help get me through the shift. The video did not highlight the role of the nurse in the community because it only focused on the nursing student's clinical rotation at the hospital. Nurses also have a massive impact in their community advocating for public health interventions such as vaccinations and healthy food in schools.

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ALL PARTICIPANTS COMPLETED. 3/7 COIL -EB

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ALL PARTICIPANTS COMPLETED. 3/7 COIL -EB

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Hi, my name is Carter Broome! Geography, political systems, population size, and economic development in Haiti appear to have a significant impact on COVID-19 outcomes. The cumulative confirmed cases per million people, which I believe to be the most telling and imbalanced statistic to represent COVID-19 outcomes, is significantly lower in Haiti compared to other geographically close countries in North America. Haiti is on an island with the Dominican Republic so is fairly isolated from other countries. This could be good or bad as it would either protect the nation from outside disease presence or cause it to grow faster. Haiti is a poorer nation, though, which may contribute to statistics not being completely accurate. Their health systems and testing initiatives may not be as developed and funded as other countries, leading to lower reports of COVID-19.

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Hi, my name is Carter Broome! What excites me most about a career in nursing is the opportunity to help protect the one thing that all of us share - life. I think it is so cool that I can help preserve the valuable gift that is life by providing my special skills and experience to a healthcare team. The USA "Day in the Life" video was fairly accurate to my clinical "day in the life". I similarly lay out my uniform and equipment as well as carefully plan my sleep the night before. I also get SO excited and proud of myself after I get to perform a new skill in clinical practice. Most of the videos were fairly similar which was interesting to notice! Some of them, especially the India one, truly showed that nurses are an integral part of the community in helping the community maintain optimal health.

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Activity 1

What excited me most about a nursing career is being able to help people. Also, knowing that I will have job security for the rest of my life is a major bonus. The day in the life videos had many similarities to our day to day. Everyone seemed to have their routine before and after clinical or school. The nurse from New Zealand got a lot of stuff done before his nightshift. All the videos demonstrated how time management is crucial in a nursing student’s busy schedule. Which will be an important skill to develop as future nurses.

Activity 3

COVID-19 deaths were higher in countries with larger populations. Additionally, the way people responded to the vaccine varied. In the US, many people were (and are still) skeptic about receiving the vaccine. The pandemic became very politicized and affected the way people responded.

Monse Medina

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Activity 1
Hello! What excites me most about a career in nursing is that there are so many options for us. I am excited to care, teach, and be involved in their plan of care. The video based in Australia that showcased the day in their life mostly matched my current day in the life. I will wake up early to do homework, take a break, and then go to clinicals in the evening. The video based in India where the registered nurse worked in the COVID ward highlighted the role of a nurse in the community. She was there to care and to mitigate their symptoms in the midst of a dangerous pandemic despite the uncomfortable amount of PPE layers she needed.

Activity 3
Looking at Australia's COVID-19 response, and by doing further research, it seems like they were able to vaccinate, close borders, wear face-masks, and quarantine effectively in order to decrease the amount of new people getting infected. An article showed that they were one of the few countries to have low infection and death rates. I think that this is very interesting because in comparison with the united states, deaths were astronomically lower. Australia definitely did something right. I wish I was able to participate in the discussion in order to know more about how this data was impacted by different systems, beliefs, population size, etc.
-paola g.monroy

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Germany has strict rules on public protection and social distancing. They are required to wear specific masks out in public that provided a higher level of protection. This contributed to a lower number of positive covid cases and less deaths. For comparison, the US has almost 3x the amount of positive covid cases daily. Both Germany and the US have similar percentages of vaccination rates. It appears that the extra measures that continue post peak of the pandemic is having an impact on their covid-positive rate.  -Sarah Achenbach and group

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Our assigned country was China. We first looked at the rate of vaccinations and it appears about 92.8% of the population in China is vaccinated, which is a large number of people since the total population is about 1.4 billion people. The rate of infection rate appears to be relatively low due to high vaccination rates and strict regulations. However, there was a huge spike in the number of cases back in December that is not as significant on the map, possibly due to the lack of reporting. China is a developing country and it is ruled by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). As for the healthcare system, there's both public and private medical insurance and programs, and at least 95% of the population has some level of insurance coverage. Over 50% of the population consider themselves to be unaffiliated with religion, but out of those who are religious, about 21.9% practice a folk religion and 18.3% practice Buddhism.

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Since Germany is one of the developed countries in the world and has comparatively better socio-economic status, the vaccination rate is relatively high: 78% of the population has received at least one dose and 76.4% has been completely vaccinated. The number death  from COVID-19 is also low: 168K. However, this could be due to the small population size. Germany also maintains strict policy of covid prevention such as travel restrictions as well as PPE restrictions in public such as requiring N-95 when individuals are in public.

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The United Kingdom is a large county with a parliamentary democracy system with many political parties. 79.27% of the UK population has had at least one dose of the Covid vaccine. Nearly 70% of the population has received at least 3 doses. The UK has a government-sponsored universal healthcare system called the National Health Service (NHS) which makes the vaccination easily available to most of the population. They are also a very developed country which allows them to have resources like testing and research.

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The USA is a democratic republic with a population of 328 million. It is considered to be an economically developed and the health systems are largely payer-based systems but there are some government-sponsored programs – Medicare/Medicaid (State/Federal) plus VA Healthcare although it can vary from place to place based on the local governments, The USA has a vast religious/cultural diversity and are very freedom and individual-oriented. Based on being pretty well informed about the USA, we are not surprised that there have been 1.12 million confirmed COVID deaths.

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We found it interesting to see the difference among the countries regarding vaccine status. Both Australia and the US had over 80% of the population who had received at least the first vaccine in the series. In contrast, only 3% of the population in Haiti had received this vaccine. We attributed this difference to variations in the access to healthcare and resources, as well as access to education. We also noticed that Haiti had a lot of gaps in their data collection, which made it more challenging to compare the information of these countries. This lack of data could also explain some of the discrepancies among vaccine rates.

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In Sudan, there are only 63,809 COVID-19 cases and 5,013 COVID deaths. However, in Australia, there are 11.4 million cases and 19,459 COVID deaths, and the US has 103 million cases and 1.13 million COVID deaths. The small amount of reported cases in Sudan does not necessarily mean that they had less COVID cases but this could be due to underreporting due to a lack of testing and difficulty testing in more rural areas. Also, the vaccination rate in Sudan is 27% while it in the US it is 82% and in Australia it is 84%. We discussed how this could be due to the lack of vaccines going to smaller countries like Sudan.

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Political systems- The US is democratic with prioritization on free will. This might have resulted in a delay in wearing masks. One of the presidents during the peak of the pandemic also discounted it, allowing for it to spread.

Population size- In cities, the population is much more dense and large so policies with regard to the pandemic differed largely in comparison to more rural towns (i.e. New York City, NY vs. Burlington, NC).

Economic development- We are a developed country. The emphasis on free market capitalism prioritizes business and profit over public safety. For example, over the covid guidelines that were put into place, business owners argued this was an infringement on their rights because they wanted to stay open.

Health systems- Primarily a private health care system. This meant that resources are not evenly distributed (urban areas might have more as opposed to rural areas). Additionally, people with insurance are more likely to have access to the resources to proper medical interventions to prevent adverse events. People who have to work for a living also have to go in to be able to afford living expenses (more exposure to covid).

Religion/cultural beliefs- In the US, we are pretty diverse. However, there was a lot of conspiracy by religious zealots such as about the vaccine being “the mark of the devil.” A lot of people also believed that God will protect them from Covid rather than relying on a vaccine. This again, resulted in them not getting vaccinated.

While it should feel surprising having written it all out, given that the majority of us have lived here for the entirety of our lives, we are also not surprised at the same time.

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In U.S., COVID was politicized. In Australia, is no longer publicized. Visitors must be tested for hospitals but no longer required to show vaccination card. Australia had intense lockdown regulations for a long time. The general response was understanding of the pandemic. However, the 3rd and 4th lockdown caused disgruntled opinions. Daniel worked in a vaccination clinic so he had a first hand experience. People were accepting of the vaccine. In Australia, there was some kick back but overall, accepting of the vaccine.

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Only 67% of India's population has completed their vaccination protocol. It is believed that their numbers on death toll and COVID cases are reported to be higher due to limited testing and difficulty attributing cause of death to COVID-19. India is one of the largest populations in the world which makes it more likely for them to have higher numbers of COVID cases. The transmission rate of COVID is higher there due to dense population size. India has economic variability. There are large socioeconomic gaps as some places are highly developed and others are not. India has the most private healthcare in the World. Government and health insurance funds account for 62% of the population. Since it is primarily made of private healthcare, there is a large number of individuals that may not be able to receive care and testing for COVID.

Hinduism and Buddhism are two religions that the majority of the population in India participate in. There are no studies that report issues in COVID prevention within either of these religions. In fact, they encourage individuals to vaccinate. However, Hinduism does not support artificial prolongation of life.

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The vaccination rates for Haiti show that only 3.56% of their population of over 11 million people have received one dose of the vaccine. The NIH reports that around half of the population does not have access to formal healthcare. The lack of access to healthcare combined with vaccine hesitancy is a major factor causing low vaccination rates. Haiti also seems to have much less occurrence of Covid rates than the US but this could be caused by lack of access to testing resources and tracking resources. There is a lot of social and political unrest in Haiti over the past several years as well as a large earthquake which both work together to limit the access and availability of vaccination and education resources.

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Our country was Australia. The daily administration of vaccines in 2021 was really high and decreased significantly in 2022. 80% of their country has received at least 1 dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. Their confirmed cases increased rapidly in 2022 and 2023, and fewer cases in 2021. This is opposite of what happened in the US. We discussed how they had a stricter lockdown, which may have influenced these numbers. This is Kaitlin Rohr btw.

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We discussed the difference between our (UNC) clinical rotations are semester long and we go once a week while they (ACU) are placed for weeks (2,4,6) at a time and go every day

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We talked about some of the differences and similarities between nursing school in many countries; however, we focused on comparing and contrasting the US and Australia. We found it interesting that our Australian colleagues had long commuting hours to their clinical sites and could stay for long time frames at these sites. I also found it interesting that it was required for them to attend a rural hospital as part of their learning. Additionally, we found it interesting that our Australian colleague was surprised to find out that we had a hospital on our campus. Overall, I really enjoyed this experience and learning about other nursing students.

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We chatted about how sparce food and health resources are in rural areas. It seems that in Australia, the rural areas might be much larger, requiring more travel to access resources. Both Australia and the USA are similar in resource sharing in providing specialists for patients who need specialty care.

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We talked about how different nursing student life is in the US vs AUS. I find it very interesting how they do not share classes or clinical rotations with each other like how we do I the US. We go to peds or psych clincicals together while they do clinicals in a super short period of time back to back individually. For instance, one student said they got offered $1000 for travel and completed their clinicals in a four week period, M-F 8hrs shift individually. They do not get to see each other and form those tight connections with other nursing students.

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For our second discussion, we talked about supplies of food in our areas. Our Australian colleagues shared that on the coast and the major cities, there are ample supplies of healthy and fresh food choices such as farmer's markets and butchers. However, the more rural inland areas struggle to find consistent supplies of food. They also shared that the recent inflation has affected food supplies greatly. We shared that many areas of Chapel Hill are considered food desert due to the lack of health food, and we have organizations such as Meals on Wheels and the Marian Cheek Jackson Center to help with food supplies.

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We discussed many of the differences between the ACU and UNC education. While ACU spend very little time immersed in campus life, many traditional UNC students spend much of their educational career on campus. We discussed the differences between clinical settings. The ASU clinicals are in blocks of 2, 4, and 6 weeks. They can commute up to 2 hours from their home address, as opposed to the 1 hour from the university at UNC. We also discussed post grad. ASU students apply to a healthcare system. They have little choice over which hospital within that system they will spend their new grad year at. They will rotate through multiple units in their assigned hospital, also with little choice over the units.

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I feel like their suburban areas are our "urban areas." The place that our friend lives in is considered suburban but I was shocked when he said he never really heard about "food deserts." It just reflect on all the socioeconomic problems that our society has.

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We talked about our plans for after school, and that led into a broader discussion of the differences between the nursing school systems between UNC and ACU, namely differences in clinicals/placements, where ours are spread all throughout the curriculum, averaging like once a week clinical shifts, and ACU's placements are more concentrated, like 4-6 week blocks where you go to clinical for 8-hour shifts 5 days a week. The ending total clinical hours were similar, around 900, but just spread out a lot different. We also discussed the differences in jobs, where in Australia, the ACU students said that they apply to hospitals, rather than specific positions, like CTICU, L&D, etc. There was also a lot of differences in access to clinical sites; at ACU, some of the students were saying that due to lack of sites and placements, sometimes students would end up on the same unit at the same hospital for multiple placements consecutively.

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Hi! For our first meeting on COIL, we had very good discussion on our nursing culture within school and outside. This included how their clinicals are often very far from their campus (2-3 hours away) which allows their clinicals to last for multiple days within a week to compromise for the travel time. Because of this their shifts are not 12 hours but rather 8 hours going from 7am to 3pm in the afternoon to give them a break. To get to their placements, they often have to take public transportation or even sometimes fly which is wild! Students as UNC realized how lucky, we are with our clinical placements as we are guarantee these specialty units each semester where they are just placed wherever they can get which is normally just med-surg units.

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We talked about how in Chapel Hill there is limited public transportation compared to other countries, and a lot of the walkable restaurants are expensive for students.

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Nursing shortages seems to also be an issue in Australia but may not be as pressing as it is in America. America's nursing shortage is evident in critical staffing pay and incentives. Often shifts are short 1-2 nurses or nurse techs.

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We talked about the similarities and difference between studying in the UNC and ACU. Such as having a 4 year degree 2 years undergrad then applying to school of nursing. While in ACU its 3 years and its combined.

We discussed the reason of wanting to be nurse majority saw it as career change, nurses being in their family, having a good experience with nurses when in hospital, a flexible career.

We discussed the similarities and differences between the videos of nurses around the world.

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We first discussed the difference between our nursing schedules. I was surprised to learn how nursing students in Australia are able to choose their class schedules. This gives the students the opportunity to work if they need to. We also discussed how Australian students are placed in rural areas to complete their clinicals. Students are responsible for their traveling/living expenses.