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Classical Conditioning: Ian Pavlov 1849-1936

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Classical Conditioning: Ian Pavlov 1849-1936

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Classical Conditioning pairs two stimuli to get the same response.
Ex. Plays the clean up song and kids clean up. Rings a bell and the dogs mouth waters.
“He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1904 for his work on digestive secretions.” says Britannica.com

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There are four stages of cognitive theory. Focuses on changes how people think over time.
Sensorimotor (0-2 years): Object permanence and separation anxiety develop. Uses senses and motor skills.
Pre-operational (2-6 years): Symbolic and ecocentric thinking, and language used. Imagination grows.
Concrete Operational (7-12 years): Logic applied. Numbers, ideas, and Classifications is understood.
Formal Operational (12-adult): Thinks abstractly. Think in hypothetical terms. Social/moral issues explored.
“In a 2002 survey of 1,725 American Psychological Society members, Piaget was named the second most influential psychologist of the 20th century.” VeryWellMind stated.

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Operant conditioning: Burrhus Skinner 1904-1990 

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Operant conditioning: Burrhus Skinner 1904-1990 

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Applying schedules to punishment results in change of behavior.
Ex. Breaking down large tasks to minimize failure.
Fun fact: Skinner went to the University of Minnesota, where he wrote The Behavior of Organisms.

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Attachment Theory: John Bowlby 1907-1990

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Attachment Theory: John Bowlby 1907-1990

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The earliest bonds have a major impact on making connections through life.
Four stages of attachment:
Pre-attachment stage (birth-3months)
Indiscriminate attachment (6 weeks-7 months)
Discriminate attachment (7-11 months)
Multiple attachments (24+ months)
“He was known for being the originator of attachment theory,  researching child development, and influencing modern-day psychology, education, child care, and parenting” said VeryWellMind.

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People have the same human needs, regardless of culture and gender.
“He conducted research with dogs and apes, and some of his earliest works looked at the emotion of disgust in dogs and the learning processes of primates” Positive Psychology.

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Ecological Systems Theory: Urie Bronfenbrenner 1917-2005

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Ecological Systems Theory: Urie Bronfenbrenner 1917-2005

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“In order to develop normally, a child requires progressively more complex joint activity with one or more adults who have an irrational emotional relationship with the child. Somebody’s got to be crazy about that kid. That’s number one. First, last, and always” Bronfenbrenner.
His work with the United States government helped in the formation of the Head Start program in 1965.