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https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-64019324

i learnt that it is important that everyone and country play a part in helping to protect nature. Maintaining, enhancing and restoring ecosystems, including halting species extinction and maintaining genetic diversity. "Sustainable use" of biodiversity - essentially ensuring that species and habitats can provide the services they provide for humanity, such as food and clean water. Ensuring that the benefits of resources from nature, like medicines that come from plants, are shared fairly and equally and that indigenous peoples' rights are protected. Paying for and putting resources into biodiversity: Ensuring that money and conservation efforts get to where they are needed.

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Environment correspondent in Montreal

Nations have agreed to protect a third of the planet for nature by 2030 in a landmark deal aimed at safeguarding biodiversity.

There will also be targets for protecting vital ecosystems such as rainforests and wetlands and the rights of indigenous peoples.

The agreement at the COP15 UN biodiversity summit in Montreal, Canada, came early on Monday morning.

The summit had been moved from China and postponed due to Covid.

China, which was in charge of the meeting, brought down the gavel on the deal despite a last minute objection from the Democratic Republic of Congo.

UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres hailed the deal and said: "We are finally starting to forge a peace pact with nature."

Maintaining, enhancing and restoring ecosystems, including halting species extinction and maintaining genetic diversity

"Sustainable use" of biodiversity - essentially ensuring that species and habitats can provide the services they provide for humanity, such as food and clean water

Ensuring that the benefits of resources from nature, like medicines that come from plants, are shared fairly and equally and that indigenous peoples' rights are protected

Paying for and putting resources into biodiversity: Ensuring that money and conservation efforts get to where they are needed.

"It is truly a moment that will mark history as Paris did for climate," Canada's Minister for the Environment and Climate Change Steven Guilbeault told reporters. The Paris climate deal saw nations agreeing in 2015 to keep world temperature rise below 2C.

The summit in Montreal had been regarded as a "last chance" to put nature on a path to recovery. Throughout the talks there was division over the strength of ambition and how to finance the plans.

One big sticking point was over how to fund conservation efforts in the parts of the globe that harbour some of the world's most outstanding biodiversity.

Biodiversity refers to all the Earth's living things and the way they are connected in a complex web of life that sustains the planet.

A new text of the agreement was released by China on Sunday.

Delegates convened a full session of the summit early on Monday morning after hours of delays, but then agreed to the text quickly.

The president of COP 15, Minister Huang Runqui, declared the deal approved despite objections from the Democratic Republic of Congo, which said it couldn't back the deal.

Georgina Chandler, senior international policy advisor for the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds said people and nature should both be better off thanks to the deal struck in Montreal.

"Now it's done, governments, companies and communities need to figure out how they'll help make these commitments a reality."

Sue Lieberman of the Wildlife Conservation Society said the agreement was a compromise, and although it had several good and hard-fought elements, it could have gone further "to truly transform our relationship with nature and stop our destruction of ecosystems, habitats and species".

The agreement follows days of intense negotiations. On Saturday, ministers made impassioned speeches about the need to agree on clear goals to put nature on a path to recovery by the end of the decade.

The UN Development Programme said the "historic agreement" meant people around the world could hope for real progress to halt biodiversity loss.

Scientists have warned that with forests and grasslands being lost at unprecedented rates and oceans under pressure from pollution, humans are pushing the Earth beyond safe limits.

This includes increasing the risk of diseases, like SARs CoV-2, Ebola and HIV, spilling over from wild animals into human populations.

A key sticking point has been finance. In echoes of the climate summit, COP 27, in Egypt, some countries have been calling for a new fund to be set up to help preserve biodiversity, but this was rejected by others.

Follow Helen on Twitter @hbriggs.

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COP15: Nations reach 'historic' deal to protect nature

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Environment correspondent in Montreal Nations have agreed to protect a third of the planet for nature by 2030 in a landmark deal aimed at safeguarding biodiversity. There will also be targets for protecting vital ecosystems such as rainforests and wetlands and the rights of indigenous peoples.

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/12sAqjpLwCCEL7-JnIHyrbmZrM51b_7u7DsMnVWY1wiM/edit?usp=sharing

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How can nature benefit people?
Nature and humans have had a complex relationship throughout history, with both positive and negative impacts on each other. However, there are many ways in which nature can benefit from human involvement. One of the most obvious ways is through conservation efforts. Many species and habitats are facing threats from human activities such as habitat destruction, pollution, and climate change. Through conservation efforts, humans can work to protect and preserve endangered species and their habitats, helping to ensure their survival for future generations. This can involve activities such as the creation of protected areas, reintroduction programs for endangered species, and habitat restoration projects. Another way in which nature can benefit from human involvement is through sustainable resource management. Humans rely on the natural world for a wide range of resources, including food, medicine, and raw materials for industry. By managing these resources in a sustainable manner, we can help to ensure that they are available for future generations, while also protecting the ecosystems that provide them. This can involve activities such as sustainable forestry, fisheries management, and sustainable agriculture. Restoration projects also play a key role in ensuring that nature can benefit from human involvement. Many ecosystems have been degraded or destroyed by human activities, and restoration projects can help to bring these areas back to life. This can involve activities such as reforestation, wetland restoration, and the removal of invasive species. Humans can also benefit from nature through activities such as ecotourism and the provision of ecosystem services. Ecotourism can provide a source of income for local communities and can help to raise awareness of the importance of conservation. Ecosystem services, such as pollination, climate regulation, and water purification, provide essential benefits to humans, and protecting these services can help to ensure that they continue to be available. Overall, while humans have had a significant impact on the natural world, there are many ways in which we can work to protect and preserve nature for future generations. By engaging in conservation efforts, sustainable resource management, and restoration projects, we can help to ensure that nature continues to thrive, while also benefiting from the many services that it provides.

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Select one of the parks in Singapore and write a short paragraph about it's key features?
The Singapore Botanic Gardens is a 74-hectare (183-acre) botanical garden in Singapore. It is the only tropical botanic garden on the UNESCO's World Heritage List and one of three gardens, and the only tropical garden, to be honored as a UNESCO Heritage Site. The garden was founded in 1859 by an agri-horticultural society and was opened to the public in 1874. The gardens have a rich collection of over 10,000 species of plants, including the National Orchid Garden which has the largest orchid collection in the world with over 60,000 plants. The gardens feature a variety of distinct gardens, including the National Orchid Garden, the Evolution Garden, the Rain Forest, the Ginger Garden, the Bonsai Garden and many more. Visitors can take guided tours, learn about the plants through interactive exhibits and attend educational programs and workshops. The garden also has a number of research and conservation initiatives, including a program to conserve endangered rainforest plants. The Singapore Botanic Gardens is also a popular spot for locals and visitors alike, with many visitors coming to enjoy the gardens for picnics, jogs and walks. The gardens also host many events throughout the year, including concerts, festivals, and exhibitions. Overall the Singapore Botanic Gardens is a great place to visit for those interested in botany, horticulture and nature. It is also a great place for families, visitors and locals to enjoy the beauty of nature and learn about the rich flora of Singapore and the tropical region.

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My holiday encounter with nature
I went to Maldives. I went snorkeling. The Maldives is known for its incredible underwater world, with colorful coral reefs and a diverse array of marine life, including tropical fish, sharks, manta rays, and turtles. There are many diving and snorkeling spots around the Maldives, and you can also take a liveaboard trip to explore remote atolls. Island hopping: With over 1,000 islands in the Maldives, island hopping is a great way to see different parts of the country and experience the local culture. You can take a speedboat or seaplane to visit different islands and enjoy their beautiful beaches, local villages, and traditional Maldivian food. Sunset cruise: A sunset cruise on a traditional Maldivian boat is a relaxing way to end the day and take in the beautiful scenery. You can watch the sunset, enjoy a drink and some local food, and maybe even spot some dolphins or turtles. Relaxing on the beach: The Maldives is famous for its white sandy beaches and crystal clear waters. Take a stroll along the beach, relax on a sun lounger, or take a dip in the warm waters. Fishing trips: Fishing is a popular activity in the Maldives, and you can take a trip on a traditional Maldivian boat to catch tuna and other local fish. Water sports: The Maldives is a great place to try out water sports such as jet skiing, windsurfing, and kiteboarding. You can take lessons or just enjoy the warm waters and beautiful scenery. Safari tour: You can take a safari tour on a speedboat or seaplane to explore the Maldives’ incredible wildlife. You can see manta rays, dolphins, and whale sharks, and visit uninhabited islands to see nesting sea turtles and tropical birds. Visit local islands: The Maldives has a lot of local islands where you can visit and experience the culture and customs of the Maldives. You can visit a local island and see traditional Maldivian houses, learn about local customs and traditions, and meet the friendly locals. It was a memorable experience

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Advantages and disadvantages of human and nature interaction
Advantages of human-nature interaction:

1. Economic benefits: Human beings have long relied on natural resources for their survival and well-being. The extraction of resources such as timber, minerals, oil, and gas can provide jobs and income for local communities, as well as fuel economic growth at the national and international level. For example, the forestry industry employs millions of people worldwide and provides vital raw materials for construction, furniture, and paper production.

2. Aesthetic appreciation: Nature has a profound impact on human emotions and well-being. Spending time in natural environments, such as parks, forests, and beaches, can provide opportunities for recreation, tourism, and artistic inspiration. For example, many people flock to national parks and other protected areas to hike, camp, and observe wildlife, generating significant revenue for local communities.

3. Psychological benefits: Studies have shown that exposure to nature can have a positive impact on human mental health, reducing stress and improving mood. Being in nature can provide a sense of calm and perspective, helping people to feel refreshed and rejuvenated. This is particularly important in our modern world, where many people are over-stressed and over-stimulated by technology and urbanization.

4. Scientific discoveries: Studying nature can lead to new scientific insights and technological advancements. For example, scientists have studied the remarkable abilities of certain animals and plants to adapt to extreme environments, leading to the development of new technologies such as drought-resistant crops and water purification systems. In addition, research on ecosystems can provide valuable information on how to manage and conserve biodiversity, as well as insights into the functioning of the biosphere as a whole.

Disadvantages of human-nature interaction:

1. Environmental degradation: Human activities such as deforestation, mining, and industrial pollution can have negative impacts on ecosystems and wildlife. For example, deforestation can result in soil erosion, increased greenhouse gas emissions, and declines in biodiversity. Industrial pollution can contaminate water, soil, and air, affecting both human and animal health.

2. Biodiversity loss: Human activities such as hunting, habitat destruction, and the introduction of invasive species can lead to declines in the number and diversity of species. For example, overfishing and hunting can reduce populations of certain species to the point of extinction, while habitat destruction can eliminate important ecosystems and the species that depend on them.

3. Conflict: Competition over natural resources can lead to social and political conflict, both within countries and between nations. For example, disputes over access to water, minerals, and oil have been a major source of conflict in many regions of the world. These conflicts can have devastating impacts on local communities, exacerbating poverty, displacement, and human rights abuses.

4. Climate change: Human activities such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and land-use change are contributing to global climate change, which can have negative impacts on human societies and natural systems. For example, rising temperatures and changing precipitation patterns can lead to crop failures, sea-level rise, and increased frequency of extreme weather events such as hurricanes and droughts. These impacts can threaten food security, displace millions of people, and destabilize political systems, exacerbating existing inequalities and contributing to global instability.

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https://padlet.com/jayden_wong_yan_kai/geography-assignment-gjvbd58ari6p1e1e