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https://www.conservation.org/carbon-footprint-calculator#/

How many trees are needed to offset your annual footprint?

Which areas can you improve in? Transport? Food? Electricity use?

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Nature is one of our greatest allies in the fight against climate change. When you support our carbon credit projects, you're helping communities in places like Colombia, Kenya and Peru protect their forests - and our future.

Actually, I want to offset my entire footprint

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Nature is one of our greatest allies in the fight against climate change. When you support our carbon credit projects, you're helping communities in places like Colombia, Kenya and Peru protect their forests - and our future. Actually, I want to offset my entire footprint

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Eat a Vegetarian Diet for a Day (Recipes here on the Padlet)

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Eat a Vegetarian Diet for a Day (Recipes here on the Padlet)

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Try it for one day!

Did you know, if every adult in the UK switched to plant-based meals just twice a week, that would be the equivalent of planting 13.88 billion trees? That is how much of a difference eating plant-based meals can make!

Now, compare the size of the UK to the size of China…and think about the impact it would make if every adult in China switched to plant-based meals twice a week!

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A typical shower uses between 5 and 10 gallons of water a minute! That’s a lot. Limit yourself to a maximum 5-minute shower, but ideally just 2 or 3 minutes!

Learn other ways to save water around your home here.

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Download Article
Stay green and conserve water with these quick and easy tips
Download Article

If you can cut back on the amount of water you use every day, you'll be doing the planet a big favor. Using water efficiently helps preserve the environment, minimize the impact of droughts, and take some pressure off the public water supply. You're also keeping some money in your pocket by reducing utility costs. Saving water doesn't require major lifestyle changes either-changing a few small habits can go a long way toward making the world a better place, so read on for our full guide to water conservation.

Add New Question

How can I reduce my water use when showering?

Kathryn Kellogg is the founder of goingzerowaste.com, a lifestyle website dedicated to breaking eco-friendly living down into a simple step-by-step process with lots of positivity and love. She's the author of 101 Ways to Go Zero Waste and spokesperson for plastic-free living for National Geographic.

Sustainability Specialist

One of my best tips is to simply change out your showerhead to a low-flow showerhead. It's very easy to do. If you rent, change out the showerhead when you move in and change it back before you move out.

Why do people use things that have a very negative effect on the water level?

It is because human beings believe themselves to be primary managers of the planet and think they can solve everything with technology after making a mess. Sadly, this is somewhat of a superiority complex that has landed the human species in hot water but it doesn't stop people who just don't care, who are rather selfish and who think a techno-fix is always just around the corner from wasting precious planetary resources. Help those who don't get it to understand that every drop that is saved counts.

Is water the most important thing in life?

Along with food and some other natural resources, yes. Water is one of the most important things in life. It's necessary for our survival.

See more answers
Tips from our Readers

Dirty dish water, also called graywater, can be used to flush toilets. During drought crises, graywater can be used for plants, so long as it doesn't touch its edible parts.

Water your plants and lawn in the early morning (between 5am and 9am) so water doesn't evaporate. Avoid watering in the evening as this can lead to the growth of fungus.

↑ Kathryn Kellogg. Sustainability Specialist. Expert Interview. 28 June 2019.

1. ↑ Kathryn Kellogg. Sustainability Specialist. Expert Interview. 28 June 2019.

2. ↑ Kathryn Kellogg. Sustainability Specialist. Expert Interview. 28 June 2019.

3. ↑ Kathryn Kellogg. Sustainability Specialist. Expert Interview. 28 June 2019.

Sustainability Specialist

This article was co-authored by Kathryn Kellogg and by wikiHow staff writer, Mason Martinez, BA. Kathryn Kellogg is the founder of goingzerowaste.com, a lifestyle website dedicated to breaking eco-friendly living down into a simple step-by-step process with lots of positivity and love. She's the author of 101 Ways to Go Zero Waste and spokesperson for plastic-free living for National Geographic. This article has been viewed 2,129,369 times.

If you want to save water, turn the faucet off while you're brushing your teeth or shaving instead of letting it run the whole time. You can install a water-saving shower head to help you use less water in the shower without losing water pressure. When you're doing dishes, load your dishwasher to its full capacity before you turn it on to cut down on how many times you have to run it. You can also install a water meter to help you monitor your usage. Read on for tips on cutting down on the water you use while doing laundry!

Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 2,129,369 times.

"I had no idea how much our everyday items used water in the process of even just making them! This has brought so much awareness, and if I convince the rest of my family to take precautions, we will cut down on water wasting in no time at all. Thank you!" ..." more

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Stay green and conserve water with these quick and easy tips If you can cut back on the amount of water you use every day, you'll be doing the planet a big favor. Using water efficiently helps preserve the environment, minimize the impact...

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Unplug These Home Appliances to Reduce Your Electric Bill and Save Money

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Unplug electric appliances when you are not using them

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Unplug electric appliances when you are not using them

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TVs, computer, chargers, and many other devices use phantom energy when plugged in, even if they are not being used. This wastes electricity and money!

This study shows that the average US household would save $165 dollars a year if devices were unplugged around the home when not actually in use.

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If you aren't using your appliances this very minute, it's to your benefit to unplug them. Doing this will save both electricity and money. Even if appliances are turned off, they could be running certain functions in the background if they're still plugged in, so unplugging them would stop energy from silently draining out and increasing your bills.

But how much money does unplugging appliances actually save? Is the energy savings you get from unplugging appliances even significant? And is it worth the annoyance to constantly be plugging and unplugging appliances? Below we'll explore why unplugging appliances can lead to savings, how much you could stand to save and ways to help make disabling plugged-in appliances easier.

Read more: 28 Ways to Cut Costs at Home Right Now

Why does unplugging appliances save money?

It seems counterintuitive to unplug appliances. After all, they're off, so why would they be sucking up energy?

The fact is, your appliances actually still use energy even when they are turned off but still plugged in, according to Energy.gov. Whether the device is switched off or in standby mode, some of the worst offenders are:

A device that may still use energy in the form of permanently on lights or other displays showing the device is off

Computers that were simply put into sleep mode

Chargers that still draw power even if the device is not connected

Media players that continually draw power, especially ones that still might scan for updates in the background

Phones with displays that show when not in active use, like cordless phones

New smart home appliances like refrigerators, washers and dryers that have always-on displays, internet connectivity and electronic controls

The energy that gets used from these devices while not in active use is often called standby power, but it also goes by other names like phantom load, shadow loads, idle current or even vampire power.

Read more: Save Money by Putting Your Thermostat in the Right Place

Electricity and money savings from controlling standby power

Many people are shocked to realize how much standby power can add up. Standby power accounts for 5-10% of residential energy use, according to the US Department of Energy. Unplugging devices could save the average household up to $100 per year.

However, how much you save could depend on how many devices you use and your habits with them. For instance, an educational experiment from Colorado State University found that a combo radio/CD player/tape player used 4 watts continually whether it was in use or not. Unplugging it when not in use would save 100 times as much power during the lifetime of the device.

A study out of The Natural Resources Defense Council found that reducing the load from always-on devices would save consumers a total of $8 billion annually and avoid using 64 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity per year. It also has environmental benefits, like preventing 44 million metric tons of carbon dioxide pollution. The NRDC estimated the cost of always-on devices at up to $165 per household per year on average.

How to control standby power

The first step is, of course, to unplug anything that is not actively in use or not used often. One example of devices that could easily be unplugged include TVs and set-top boxes in guest rooms. It's also generally easy to unplug media players when not in use, like a radio or CD player. When you take your device off its charger, it can also help to get into the habit of unplugging that charger as well. You might also be surprised how many devices we have plugged in that we don't even use anymore. Examples could include old wireless phones, old media players or lamps that are more decorative than functional.

However, unplugging and replugging in everything can get very tedious, especially if your outlets are in hard-to-reach places. If the outlet is inaccessible, it will be hard to keep up. So you can also set up ways to make the process of cutting phantom load more automatic. You can plug devices into power strips. That way, one flick of the power switch button can turn off multiple devices. You can also get timers to plug devices into or smart outlets so that you can automate when the power is connected to a device. For instance, you might set the time for the TV's power so it is only connected during peak use times like evenings or weekends.

You can also look into getting Energy Star products. Many of these products are rated to have lower standby power use than products that are not rated by Energy Star.

More resources for saving electricity

As power bills get higher and more erratic over time, it's more vital than ever to find ways to save on electric costs. For instance, in addition to unplugging the devices in the home, you can take a look at our guide about turning off lights when not in use. Another key way to affect your electric/heating bill for the better is to know the ideal temperature you should set for your home. You can also review our guide on for saving on your gas and electric bill, like turning down your water heater or changing your air filters.

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Unplug These Home Appliances to Reduce Your Electric Bill and Save Money

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If you aren't using your appliances this very minute, it's to your benefit to unplug them. Doing this will save both electricity and money. Even if appliances are turned off, they could be running certain functions in the background if they're still plugged in, so unplugging them would stop energy from silently draining out and increasing your bills.

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Celebrate Earth Day by using as little electricity as possible!

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Celebrate Earth Day by using as little electricity as possible!

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Limit your time on screens. Play board games or read a book instead of watching videos.

Turn all lights off for as much of the day as possible.

Have cold meals, not hot ones.

Turn off all heaters/AC units

Check out more tips in the Academy of Natural Sciences blog here.

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It's hot and humid, and you just got back from a COVID walk-around-the-block break from your bedroom office. All you want to do is open the refrigerator door and stand in front of it.

Don't do it! You'll feel cooler, but letting that cold air escape wastes enough energy to power 50 loads of laundry. Plus, it costs you money and affects the environment.

Whether your motivation is to save money or to decrease your carbon footprint, making small adjustments to reduce your daily energy consumption can have a positive effect on the environment and help reduce the amount of energy consumed by your community.

U.S. energy consumption is on the rise
The U.S. houses less than 5% of the world's population, but consumes 17% of the world's energy and accounts for 15% of the world's gross domestic product, according to the University of Michigan Center for Sustainable Systems. In comparison, the European Union has 7% of the world's population, uses 12% of its energy, and accounts for 16% of its GDP. China has 18.5% of the world's population, uses 24% of its energy, and accounts for 18% of its GDP.

If projections are correct, U.S. energy consumption is expected to rise by over 7% in the next 20 years, according to The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, Medicine. Global energy consumption is expected to rise 40%.

There's a direct connection between energy use and the environment. When we consume less power, we reduce the amount of toxic fumes released by power plants, conserve the earth's natural resources, and help protect ecosystems from destruction. Perhaps the most notable way that reducing energy helps the environment is by decreasing the harmful byproducts, such as carbon dioxide, from power plants that produce the electricity. Cutting back on energy consumption reduces the amount of electricity that power plants have to make.

Minimize the amount of time you leave the refrigerator door open to save energy.

Reducing energy use is easier than you may think. Living in smaller houses, living closer to work, and using public transportation are examples. Households can save as much as 15% a year on heating and cooling bills by simply turning the thermostat back 10-15 degrees for 8 hours a day, according to the U.S. Department of Energy.

Although your own energy saving adjustments may seem inconsequential, small steps become great leaps when multiplied by 7 billion others just like you. Try switching up some of your lifestyle habits with these easy tips. Then tell us in the comments section below or on social media what you do to reduce your energy use.
40 Ways to reduce household energy use

1. Shut down your computer at night. Computers are some of the biggest energy guzzlers. Computers can be turned on and off over 40,000 times, and it won't affect their lifespan.

2. Choose the right light. LED bulbs are the most energy efficient. They use 75% less electricity than incandescent bulbs and last 25 times longer.

3. Unplug electronics. Even when off, TVs, microwaves, scanners and printers use standby power.

4. Unplug the charger. Some chargers still pull small amounts of energy when left plugged in. If it feels warm even when not charging a device, it's using energy.

5. Use a power strip. Prevent phantom energy loss by flipping the switch on a load of plugs all at once, rather than pulling plugs individually.

6. Turn off lights when you leave a room, hallway light too.

7. Use natural light. Do you really need that lamp on? Two 100-watt incandescent bulbs switched off an extra two hours per day could save you $15 over a year, according to BC Hydro.

8. Install automatic light sensors or timed sensors on outdoor lighting.

9. For landscape lighting, install solar-powered devices.

10. Buy energy efficient appliances. Look for the ENERGY STAR label, which is a federal guarantee the thing will use less energy. ENERGY STAR clothes washers consume 25% less energy and 45% less water than conventional ones; refrigerators 9% less energy than the conventional.

11. Hang clothes to air dry (at least sometimes) instead of using a clothes dryer.

12. Use cold water in the washing machine whenever possible.

13. Only wash full loads of laundry.

14. Wash dishes by hand (at least sometimes) instead of using a dishwasher.

15. Seal leaky windows that let in cold in winter and let out the cool in summer.

16. Use timers on the holiday lights.

17. Use ceiling or floor fans instead of air conditioning.

18. Use a timer and sleep mode on the AC overnight.

19. Adjust the AC temperature setting a degree or two higher than you normally would and pretend you didn't. Each degree increase saves about 10% energy use.

20. Clean or replace filters on furnaces and air conditioners once a month or as recommended.

LED bulbs last 25 times longer than incandescent light bulbs.

1. Clean warm-air registers, baseboard heaters and radiators as needed and make sure they are not blocked by furniture, carpeting or drapes.

2. In winter, keep the drapes and shades on south-facing windows open during the day to allow warming sunlight to filter in. Close them at night to keep out the cold.

3. In summer, keep the window coverings closed during the day to block the sun's heat.

4. Dust lamps and lightbulbs frequently. Aging light bulbs and dust buildup can reduce total illumination by 50%.

5. Close the chimney flue when not in use to keep out not only bats, but also cold air.

6. Open the refrigerator or oven door only when necessary so the cold and the heat don't escape. Your appliances will thank you for not having to work extra hard to do their job.

7. Thaw frozen foods in the fridge, not on the counter. This will help keep the fridge cold.

8. Thaw meats and casseroles completely before cooking to reduce cooking time.

9. Wait until hot foods cool before placing them in the fridge. This will keep the fridge from having to work overtime to keep its contents cool.

10. Match the size of your cooking pot to the size of the burner. Using a larger burner allows heat to escape into the room.

It can be difficult to calculate how much money and energy solar panels on your home would save. Here's a guide to help you calculate.

1. Putting a lid on a pot allows the contents to cook or boil quicker, using less energy.

2. Install a programmable or smart thermostat.

3. Cook foods in larger quantities than you need that day; eat the leftovers the next day.

4. Only buy the appliances you really need, not just want.

5. Purchase the smallest size appliance that you need. Do you really need a toaster that browns four slices at once if you live alone?

6. Consider investing in a pressure cooker. Foods cook in about one-third the time of using the oven or stovetop and you can make large quantities of soups or stews for the freezer.

7. Instead of using energy to boil water for tea, put the tea bag(s) in a glass pitcher or jar and place it out in the sun to get hot. (Our staff reports the tea is less acidic than if boiled water is used.)

8. Reduce paper waste and energy use by limiting what you print out at work and at home.

9. Turn off the office lights and computer when you leave work for the day.

10. On October 1, celebrate National Energy Action Month, also known as Energy Awareness Month and National Energy Awareness Month, by continuing to do the above small actions.

To watch a video and see how the Academy is doing its part to reduce energy, visit our Small Actions Spark Big Changes webpage.

By Carolyn Belardo, Director of Public Relations

Please consider a donation to support the Academy's efforts to ensure a healthy, sustainable and equitable planet.

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It's hot and humid, and you just got back from a COVID walk-around-the-block break from your bedroom office. All you want to do is open the refrigerator door and stand in front of it. Don't do it! You'll feel cooler, but letting that cold air escape wastes enough energy to power 50 loads of laundry.

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Earth, Appreciated
Our planet is a wonder, a perfectly improbable incubator for life. It’s also in danger because of our indifference. Here are 12 talks that reflect on both those truths.

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Our planet is a wonder, a perfectly improbable incubator for life. It's also in danger because of our indifference. Reflections on both those truths.

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Can You Fit Eight Years of Trash Into a Mason Jar? Lauren Singer Can

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Why I live a Zero Waste Lifestyle—Lauren Singer

In the last eight years, Lauren has produced so little waste it can all fit inside a small jar!

If you can watch You Tube, you can see her Ted talk about going Zero Waste at https://youtu.be/pF72px2R3Hg

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We all know that living sustainably can be a daunting task-it's hard to feel as if you're ever doing enough. You've bought your metal straws, you say no to plastic bags, you carry a reusable water bottle. But Lauren Singer is here to tell you that zero-waste living is more attainable than it may seem. The founder and CEO of Package Free, Singer has been documenting her sustainability journey for the better part of the past eight years. Spurred on by her frustration toward an environmental-studies classmate who consistently relied on single-use plastic, she decided she wanted her actions to speak louder than her words. ELLE Decor talked with Singer to understand what zero-waste means and how she's incorporated it into every aspect of her life, from her business to her home.
ELLE Decor: OK, can you give me a quick rundown of what a zero-waste lifestyle entails? How is it different from simply living sustainably?
Lauren Singer: Zero-waste means something different to each person. My zero-waste is that I don't produce any trash; I send nothing to a landfill. However, I do compost, and-while it's not ideal because of the chemicals involved-I also recycle. The blanket term living sustainably tends to be green-washing, which can mean everything and nothing.
ED: Eight years is a long time to be represented in a mason jar. Was there a catalyst for this lifestyle switch, or did it come naturally?
LS: I've always been passionate about the environment. I read Rachel Carson's Silent Spring, which documented the environmental effects of chemical pesticides, and it really showed how human beings are the only species that have the ability to destroy the planet. It got me thinking that if we hold the power to do such damage, we also have the power to change. I had been protesting various industries for a while, from agriculture to oil, but I realized there was a difference between caring about something and living in alignment with those values.

ED: So tell me, what was the toughest part about adapting to the zero-waste lifestyle?
LS: Everyone asks that! It's always about the struggle. It's never, 'Tell me what's exciting about the process.' When you look at zero-waste from such a wide perspective, it's intimidating. It's all of the little steps that add up to something larger. The hardest part is getting over that mental block. I'm a lazy person. I work hard, but I don't go out of my way to do that many things, so if I can do it...
ED: How did Package Free come about?
LS: Trash Is for Tossers, the blog documenting my zero-waste journey, came first. I'm motivated to make a change when I'm excited about something-I don't respond to anger or fear. I wanted this to be a tangible and palatable resource that highlighted my actions in a way I wish someone had explained it to me. From that, I found there were two main problems that needed solutions. First, there was no clear market for zero-waste supplies. There's Amazon, but the excess packaging defeats the purpose. Secondly, there were these incredible independent brands making these products, but they couldn't grow. So I decided to combine my audience on the blog and these brands into one space. I found really quickly that this was something people not only wanted, but needed.

"I've always been attracted to secondhand pieces-loving something that someone else didn't."

ED: Interior design is an industry that can sometimes create a lot of waste. How do you go about decorating your home and office in correspondence with your lifestyle? What are your favorite sources for home decor?
LS: My mom is actually an interior designer, and I grew up with her and my aunt literally trash-picking to find furniture that could be repurposed. I've also always been attracted to secondhand pieces-loving something that someone else didn't. I love Chairish, Craigslist, the RealReal. They have super-high-end pieces at affordable price points, and you get to pick exactly what you want without sacrificing sustainable choices.
ED: Plastic gets most of the attention right now, but what is the next important topic we should pay attention to?
ED: If there is only one lesson people take away from you, what should it be?
My main focus is that everything should have a future life after I'm done with it, whether that means biodegrading, reselling pieces, or taking it with me to my next place. I have the same mentality for my office.

LS: I like to focus on things people can control. We can't take down entire industries, but there are things we can do to disempower them a little. Something that's very accessible and that people can do now is composting. It doesn't take any extra time for most, and there are drop-off locations in many places. I've also become very passionate about limiting synthetic fabrics, especially in design. The majority of the "eco-fabrics" out there are just green-washing. Anything made synthetically has microfibers that make their way into our water systems. This includes carpets made from PET-the material most food packaging is made from-and anything that you can vacuum or machine-wash. Even those upcycled plastic-bottle fabrics are not good. The threading is really detrimental to our environment.

LS: It's important to remember that change doesn't happen overnight. Do one thing at a time, and carry that excitement through the process. I most equate zero-waste living to losing weight. Small changes over time can result in a positive change. Integrate a new step into your routine, allow it to settle in, and then move on and add something else. It's important to be motivated, and that you're trying-that's what really counts.

This content is created and maintained by a third party, and imported onto this page to help users provide their email addresses. You may be able to find more information about this and similar content at piano.io

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Can You Fit Eight Years of Trash Into a Mason Jar? Lauren Singer Can

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We all know that living sustainably can be a daunting task-it's hard to feel as if you're ever doing enough. You've bought your metal straws, you say no to plastic bags, you carry a reusable water bottle. But Lauren Singer is here to tell you that zero-waste living is more attainable than it may seem.

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Molly Steer: Straw no more | Molly Steer | TEDxJCUCairns

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Straw No More—Molly Steer

9-year-old Molly saw the damage that disposable plastics do to the ocean, and knew she had to do something.

Today, Molly is 11-years-old and runs the organization “Straw No More.” Learn more about its efforts and progress at https://www.strawnomore.org/about/

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Molly Steer: Straw no more | Molly Steer | TEDxJCUCairns

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Nine year-old Molly saw the damage that disposable plastics do to the ocean, and knew she had to do something. So, with ambition, she set about convincing schools to remove single use plastic straws from their tuck shops and launched the Straw no More campaign which is gaining momentum.

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Finnegan Harries - A Creative Approach To Climate Change - TEDxTeen

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A Creative Approach to Climate Change—Finnegan Harries

Climate change is a fact. Calling all creatives!

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PFinnegan Harries is a British designer and an architect-in-training at Parsons School of Design.

In 2011, he founded the popular YouTube blog JacksGap with his twin brother Jack Harries. The blog has more than 4.1 million subscribers and 200 million views. The brothers have used their influence on YouTube and social media to drive dialogue around social and environmental challenges such as mental health and climate change.

In 2015, Finn moved from London to New York to pursue a degree in architecture at Parsons School of Design. He will graduate in 2018. Finn also sits on the Executive Board of an American 501(c)(3) non-profit called The School Fund, where he advises on design and digital strategy. The School Fund provides scholarships to ambitious students in developing countries by crowdfunding what is needed and distributing grants through local partners in the countries where they work.

Links:

Instagram: /finnharries/

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Finnegan Harries - A Creative Approach To Climate Change - TEDxTeen

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PFinnegan Harries is a British designer and an architect-in-training at Parsons School of Design. In 2011, he founded the popular YouTube blog JacksGap with his twin brother Jack Harries. The blog has more than 4.1 million subscribers and 200 million views.

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Emily De Sousa: A drop in a plastic ocean: how one person can make a difference. | Emily De Sousa | TEDxKanata

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A Drop in the Plastic Ocean—how one person can make a difference!

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Emily De Sousa: A drop in a plastic ocean: how one person can make a difference. | Emily De Sousa | TEDxKanata

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Every single year, 8 million tons of plastic enter our oceans. Change starts with one person. It starts with one straw. It starts with one drop. "You are not a drop in the ocean. You are the entire ocean in a drop."

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We all unknowingly eat plastic, which may host toxic pollutants

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Did you know we all eat plastic?!

Read this article to find out more.

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We all unknowingly eat plastic, which may host toxic pollutants

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In the environment, plastics attract all types of toxic chemicals. If ingested, new data show, chemicals on those plastic bits may harm the gut.

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More than 9,000 tree species may be waiting to be discovered

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Scientists now estimate earth may be home to around 73,000 tree species.

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Earth is home to a lot more types of trees than once thought.

Our planet hosts about 64,100 known tree species. Another 9,200 or more species might also exist, scientists now estimate. These just haven't been found yet. If true, this would bring the total number of tree species on Earth to about 73,300.

To reach this new estimate, researchers analyzed global forest data. They used statistics to calculate how many species might exist. Then, they subtracted the number of species known to science. This gave them an estimate of how many novel species may still await discovery.

Roberto Cazzolla Gatti is a biologist at the University of Bologna in Italy. He and his team reported their findings February 8 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

More than a third of the unseen species may live in the Amazon region of South America. Any undiscovered trees there are likely rare, says Cazzolla Gatti.

His team's new findings could help focus efforts to preserve the Amazon. Fires and logging are quickly erasing its habitat. Many plants and animals may be wiped off the map before they can be discovered.

Without biodiversity, Cazzolla Gatti argues, "we have not many chances to keep our planet alive."

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Power Words
More About Power Words

biodiversity: (short for biological diversity) The number and variety of species found within a localized geographic region.

biologist: A scientist involved in the study of living things.

forest: An area of land covered mostly with trees and other woody plants.

habitat: The area or natural environment in which an animal or plant normally lives, such as a desert, coral reef or freshwater lake. A habitat can be home to thousands of different species.

host: (in biology and medicine) The organism (or environment) in which some other thing resides. Humans may be a temporary host for food-poisoning germs or other infective agents. (v.) The act of providing a home or environment for something.

novel: Something that is clever or unusual and new, as in never seen before.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: A prestigious journal publishing original scientific research, begun in 1914. The journal's content spans the biological, physical and social sciences. Each of the more than 3,000 papers it publishes each year, now, are not only peer reviewed but also approved by a member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences.

species: A group of similar organisms capable of producing offspring that can survive and reproduce.

statistical analysis: A mathematical process that allows scientists to draw conclusions from a set of data. In research, a result is significant (from a statistical point of view) if the observed difference between two or more conditions is unlikely to be due to chance. Obtaining a result that is statistically significant means that it is unlikely to observe that much of a difference if there really is no effect of the conditions being measured.

Citations

Journal:​ ​​ R. Cazzolla Gatti et al. The number of tree species on Earth. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Vol. 119, February 8, 2022.doi: 10.1073/pnas.2115329119.

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More than 9,000 tree species may be waiting to be discovered

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Earth is home to a lot more types of trees than once thought. Our planet hosts about 64,100 known tree species. Another 9,200 or more species might also exist, scientists now estimate. These just haven't been found yet. If true, this would bring the total number of tree species on Earth to about 73,300.

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Low-carbon, healthy, and delicious!

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Crunchy Red Cabbage Salad With Sweet Chilli - Delicious Cabbage Salad

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Planet-friendly and tasty!

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This red cabbage salad is packed full of flavour and texture. It's a delightfully refreshing departure from seasonal stodge.

I'm a massive fan of red cabbage, it's colourful, crisp and delicious. Sadly, many people seem to have aversion to use red cabbage outside the token Christmas side dish. I love a good braised red cabbage just as much as the next person, however, my favourite way to use cabbage is in salads.

Red cabbage has the perfect crunchy texture to lift any salad to exciting new heights. It has a savoury bite that goes really well with lettuce, leafy greens and herbs. Next time you're making your favourite salad, try adding some shredded cabbage, you'll be delighted with the results.

This red cababge salad is the perfect the use winter veggies. The crunchy carrots and cabbage layered ontop of a bed of chewy rice is perfect textual matrimony. Topped off with some tart and hot chilli sauce, this winter salad is every bit as tasty as it looks.

I hope this meandering intro has convinced you that red cabbage is most definitely worth a second shot. I hope you enjoy this wonderful salad recipe.

If you want to delve into more delicious cabbage recipes, why not try some of these amazing ones:

This meal is around 90% less polluting than the average UK meal.

Eating this recipe will save around 2.65 KG CO2e per person.

That's equivalent to the emissions produced driving 21.89 KM in a modern car.

How do I calculate this?

Rice Salad

300 g Jasmine Rice (cooked to packet instructions and allowed to cool)

300 g Red Cabbage (finely shredded)

3 Large Carrots (julienned)

140 g Spring Onions (finely sliced into diagonal strips)

15 g Thai Basil (optional)

Sweet Chilli Dressing

4 Tablespoons Sweet Chilli Sauce

2 Tablespoons Soy Sauce

2 Limes (juiced)

1 Teaspoon Toasted Sesame Oil

Whisk together all the ingredients for the dressing ( 4 tablespoons sweet chilli sauce, 2 tablespoons soy sauce, juice of 2 limes and 1 teaspoon of toasted sesame oil) in a small bowl.

Divide the cooked rice amongst four plates. Then place a good helping of shredded cabbage, julienned carrots and sliced spring onions over each dish. Optionally, add a few leaves of thai basil to each plate.

Finish the salads with a drizzling of the sweet chilli dressing. Season with a little sea salt and serve.

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Crunchy Red Cabbage Salad With Sweet Chilli - Delicious Cabbage Salad

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This red cabbage salad is packed full of flavour and texture. It's a delightfully refreshing departure from seasonal stodge. I'm a massive fan of red cabbage, it's colourful, crisp and delicious. Sadly, many people seem to have aversion to use red cabbage outside the token Christmas side dish.

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Mushroom Pulled Pork (Vegan + Under 30 Minutes)

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OK, pulled mushrooms. But, yum!

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By shredding king oyster mushrooms, seasoning with spices, and baking, you can create a vegan mushroom pulled pork that rivals the real stuff! The perfect pulled pork alternative for sandwiches, tacos, nachos...or whenever you need vegan pulled pork.

Back in March I had a week break between finishing my master's thesis and beginning my internship with Unilever. And in that week I cooked up a storm. A hurricane. A typhoon of all the recipes to be shared on the blog in the foreseeable future so I could focus on creating popsicles for the soon-to-be (next spring!) cookbook. But then I made this mushroom pulled pork and my plan nearly went out the window. Because I love the stuff so much that I wanted to share it ASAP!

But I couldn't share it. Because mushroom week was so far away and my Type A personality was not about to break from our featured ingredient tradition. So I sat. And waited. And then suddenly summer came and as if it were Christmas... MUSHROOM WEEK is HERE! And so, friends, I can finally share one of my most favorite new recipes with you.

BBQ Pulled Mushrooms Video

We make this vegan pulled pork no less than once a week, sometimes with a different blend of spices or sauce, but always with the same core: king oysters shredded with a fork + baked til the edges are crispy. The pulled pork loving tulip-man happily gulfs them down on sandwiches, salads, nachos, and tacos. Ready to try out your new favorite vegetarian meat substitute?

Ingredients for vegan pulled pork

King oyster mushrooms: The thick stem shreds into perfectly "pulled pork" pieces. Find king oyster mushrooms in a health food store or Asian supermarket. You can substitute regular oyster mushrooms if needed (about 3 heaping cups worth).

Spices: The spices can be adapted to what you like, but we tend to use smoked paprika (for that roasted flavor), salt, and a bit of cayenne.

BBQ sauce: It's not a pulled pork alternative without the best BBQ sauce! We love Sweet Baby Ray's (like...I bring it back to Europe in my suitcase every time I visit).

How to make vegan pulled pork

To make this finger-smacking tasty vegan alternative pulled pork, you'll just toss the shredded mushroom in spices and bake until the edges are all crispy. Baking (rather than sautéing) gives the mushrooms a firmer texture that more closely resembles pulled pork. Then toss with your favorite BBQ sauce and serve!

Enjoy this pulled "pork" on nachos, in tacos, or even in vegetarian bao buns!

By shredding king oyster mushrooms, seasoning with spices, and baking, you can create a vegan mushroom pulled pork that rivals the real stuff!

Shred Mushrooms: Preheat oven to 400 degrees F (204 C). Clean mushrooms with a damp paper towel. Using two forks, shred the stems and caps roughly into pieces. Set on a parchment paper-lined baking sheet.

Bake: Drizzle with 1 Tbsp of the oil, paprika, salt, cayenne, and garlic. Toss around to evenly coat the mushrooms, then bake for 20 minutes, or until mushrooms are a bit crispy and brown on the edges.

Sauté: Heat remaining 1 Tbsp oil in a large saute pan over medium high. Transfer cooked mushrooms to pan and add BBQ sauce. Stir and cook for 3 to 5 minutes, until mixture is thick and fragrant. Serve warm on sandwiches, nachos, salads, tacos...or whenever you eat pulled pork!

*You can use regular oyster mushrooms if you can't find king oysters, though you will need many more (about 3 heaping cups). Button or champignon mushrooms don't work well in this recipe.

Leave a comment below and tag @liveeatlearn on social media! I love seeing what you've made!

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Mushroom Pulled Pork (Vegan + Under 30 Minutes)

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By shredding king oyster mushrooms, seasoning with spices, and baking, you can create a vegan mushroom pulled pork that rivals the real stuff! The perfect pulled pork alternative for sandwiches, tacos, nachos...or whenever you need vegan pulled pork. Back in March I had a week break between finishing my master's thesis and beginning my internship with Unilever.

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The next time you want some spaghetti, try this vegan sauce!

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Delicious, no-egg frittata!

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Climate Fiction (Cli-Fi) Recommendations and Reviews

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Cli-fi stands for ‘climate fiction.’ It’s a form of speculative fiction that features a changed or changing climate as a major plot device. People have been writing cli-fi stories and novels for decades, but the phrase became widely used beginning about 10 years ago.

For a brief introduction, guiding reading questions, and recommendations, click here.

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As Earth's changing climate becomes an ever-increasing concern, readers are turning to Cli-Fi as a way to engage their imaginations and deal with their fears in the safety of their present environment. I'm seeing a growing number of Cli-Fi books for "young adults," no doubt because teens also love the drama inducing increased heartbeat that comes with these tales. In addition, the teens in these stories demonstrate courage, tenacity, compassion, imagination, and foresight, often far beyond the adults they encounter. So, although the setting may be upsetting, the reader, empathizing with the main character, finishes the last page feeling hopeful, resolute, and inspired. It is for this reason that I have begun a list of Cli-Fi books that I've read, that are written for 12-18-year-olds. I invite teachers and students to add suggestions, for we know that good literature can touch the heart and mind in a way that allows insight beyond one's immediate experiences.

Student writers will also see the benefit of perusing the books listed below, using them as mentor texts. They will realize research is needed to understand the causes and effects of climate change in order to build an incredible storyline that sounds credible. And by analyzing the writing techniques used to deliver a message of possible dire consequences of a changing climate, students will deepen their understanding of effective, purposeful communication.

Do make sure to pre-read any book you plan to use with your class to ensure the content and language are appropriate for your students.

Guiding Questions to help readers become writers:

Introduction

How does the author hook the reader at the beginning of the story?

Characters, setting, plot

How does the main character feel at the beginning of the story? How does s/he feel at the end? What caused the change?

Thinking about the setting, is the focus large or small? Whole planet? Country? Town? Does the setting change by the end? Do the characters adapt to the setting? How does the setting drive the plot and affect the characters? How does the author build suspense and keep the reader engaged?

Explain how the climax is the turning point of the story. How does the writer unpack this part of the story for maximum effect?

What would a flow chart, based on the causes and effects in this story, look like?

Resolution

What happens in the plot after the climax? How does the author resolve the main issue of the story? What is left unresolved? How does the author keep the story from ending too quickly after conflict-resolution in the climax? How have the characters changed by the end? Is it a satisfying ending? Why/Why not?

Climate science

What science facts are used to create the problem in this story?

At what point does the author go beyond factual science information into science fiction? Does it seem credible to the reader? What techniques does the writer employ to keep the reader "buying in" to the storyline?

What similarities are there between the way people responded to the Covid pandemic in real life and the way people respond to the climate disaster in the story?

Writing technique

What writing techniques does the author use to encourage you to empathize with a main character?

Did you find this to be a compelling story? Was it hard to stop reading it? Did it call to you when you weren't reading? How did the author write a "page turner"?

What writing techniques from this story will you use when writing your own Cli-Fi story?

Apply it to your own life

Do the people in the story respond to their circumstance in a realistic way? Would you respond in the same way if you were in this situation? Why/Why not?

Considering the situation and the way the main character responds, what could you learn from this fictional story? What are the subtle lessons for the reader?

Literary elements and devices to consider:

Abrupt mood shift
Antagonists vs. protagonists
Building suspense
Character development
Climax
Conflict (implicit and explicit)
Conflict resolution
Contrast
Descriptive language
Dialect
Dialogue (internal and external)
Eliciting empathy
False resolution
Figurative language
Flashback
Flawed characters
Foreshadowing

Hooking the reader
Inferential writing
Internal and external conflict
Mood
Personification
Physical and emotional reactions
Point-of-view
Repeated object
Resolution
Setting that impacts plot
Subplot
Subtle lessons
Symbolism
Theme
Time manipulation
Tone of voice
Transitions: setting and time
Unpacking a scene

Recommendations and reviews:

Here are my Cli-Fi recommendations and reviews, with suggestions you might find helpful. You can help other teachers by leaving a comment below. What is your opinion of this book? Feel free to write a review for others (or ask your students to write reviews). Do you have another Cli-Fi book that you think I should read and include here? I would love to hear from you.

Middle School through High School (ages 12 - 18)

The Big Melt by Ned Tillman, shows us a "typical American town" a few years into the future. The main characters, a teen boy and girl (who begin as friends and end up falling in love), show us how life is changing rapidly as the area reaches a climate tipping point and begins experiencing prolonged excessive heat - melting streets, killing plants, drying up sources of water, creating hurricane-force winds. The teens come to understand that even if they can't fix all problems, they can make a difference in people's lives, and that moving forward with purpose is empowering.

Discussion questions: What are some results of a warming climate, as presented in the book, that you hadn't thought about before? Realistic? Does the author treat politicians fairly/realistically? What are the implications in the real world? Did it surprise you that the main characters weren't able to "solve the problem" (stop climate change) at the end of the story? Realistic ending? What are your take-aways from this story?

Caution: mild foul language; unmarried man and woman living together.
Favorite quotes:

"This historic warming trend was affecting everything. It felt to him like life on Earth was becoming unbearable just as he was getting ready to graduate."

"Your generation is facing a big challenge. It'll take people like you to fix it. Good luck."

"Aren't the impacts of The Warming scary enough to get us to work together?"

Eye of the Storm by Kate Messner, is told from the viewpoint of a 13-year-old girl, about 30 years in the future, who is coming to live with her father and stepmother in Oklahoma for the summer. Climate change has caused tornadoes to become more frequent and more severe, especially in this part of the world. She, and of course a cute boy, work together to uncover the nefarious work of scientists who have developed a way to control tornadoes, while the teens themselves work towards becoming ethical scientists.

Discussion questions: How is life inside Placid Meadows different from life outside? Why? How would you compare the living situations in this story with societal norms in the real world today? How do you think societies in the real world will be affected as climate change continues to cause more severe weather events? Who are the good guys and bad guys in this story? Why? Will kids get the wrong idea about scientists from reading this book? Do you know any scientists? How do they compare with the ones in this book? Is Eye of Tomorrow a good idea? Why/Why not? Does such a school exist in real life? Would you be interested in attending such a school?

Caution: scientists with dubious ethics; implied concern over a possible extra-marital affair.

Favorite quotes:

"It's like Florida when the hurricanes started getting bigger; no one lives here anymore unless they're too attached to family farms or they can't afford to leave."

"Nobody rides bikes anymore at home. The storms churn up so fast, there's not a kid in our neighborhood who's allowed to ride more than halfway down the block, so why bother?"

"'...I feel like I'm out of ideas. That's why I was kind of hoping we could work together.'"

Call of the Sun Child by Francesca G. Varela, is a dystopian story told from the viewpoint of a teen girl, living ~150 years in the future after the collapse of civilization as we know it. In the first half of the book, she shares her life living in the carefully controlled "Living Facility" built for a select number of people. In the second half, she describes what she discovers of Earth outside the bubble ravaged by relentless heating of the planet. Although climate change is never mentioned, it is implied. This is a story of survival, and one of searching for what one values. (And while doing all this, you won't be surprised to learn that she falls in love.) This is the first book written by a young author. While character development may be lacking, it is chock-full of wonderful literary elements that will be fun to discuss in class.

Discussion questions: How would you compare life outside the Living Facility with life inside? Which is more advanced? Which life would you choose? Why? What is the science behind this dystopian future? How realistic is it? What actions could be taken now to limit the increasingly harmful radiation of the sun described in the story? What parallels are there between how "others" are treated in the story and how immigrants/different social classes/different ethnic groups are treated in today's society? Why does the author keep bringing up Jack London's story, Call of the Wild? Why does the government try to control what people read? Is it an effective strategy? What is the "sun child"? What is its significance?

Caution: violence; death; discussion of interbreeding; lying to parents; foul language.
Favorite quotes:

"Our founders managed to create a safe, stable, and sustainable living environment in the midst of desolation."

"Those people who only wanted things, and money, and land...They took too much, until there was nothing left."

"How easy it is to say things. Action is what solidifies you as a person."

Mandalay Hawk's Dilemma by Peter Aronson, is the story of Mandalay Hawk, a 13-year-old girl living in New York, in 2030. She is deeply concerned about the changing climate and the reduced quality of life being experienced by people around the world due to weather extremes made more frequent by global warming. Frustrated by the lack of adult action to reduce climate change, she and other teens find a way to get the world's attention and convince adults that climate action cannot be delayed further. For many, it's a matter of life and death. Middleschoolers will enjoy this realistic fiction story, combining science and language arts in an engaging way. It will spur lively discussion about which parts are realistic (and which aren't); moral dilemmas faced by the book's characters; and what climate actions can be/should be taken by the readers of this fresh story.

Discussion questions: How does the climate in the 2030s compare with the real climate now in the 2020s? What's the difference between weather and climate? What character traits does the main character possess that allow her to be successful? IS Mandalay successful by the end of the story? What parts of this story are realistic/unrealistic? Can you suspend your feelings of disbelief enough to enjoy the story line? Is the climate science in this story accurate? Did Mandalay receive adult help to accomplish her goal? Could she accomplish her goal without adult help? Is it okay for teens to defy their parents, teachers, and other authority figures? How did life change for Americans at the end of the story? Did you like the ending?

Caution: defying parents and other authority figures; mild foul language.

Favorite quotes:

"....global warming is our World War III."

"KRAAP!!! (Kids Revolt Against Adult Power)"

"Jazmin made it clear they wanted help from teens only - not adults."

High School (ages 14 - 18)

Stormteller by David Thorpe, follows two boys from very different economic backgrounds as they try to survive in a world of severe flooding, all the while wooing the same girl. The story, set in Wales a decade into the future, mixes Celtic lore into a future with climate change causing horrific rainstorms and ocean flooding from sea level rise. There's a strong fantasy element here as the author pulls from mythical storytelling. Yet, it will spur interesting discussions about fate and controlling our own destinies.

Discussion questions: Can we escape our apparent fate? Can there be climate justice when there is such disparity between the haves and have nots today? What fable would you write to encourage people to reduce human emissions to slow down climate change and lessen its future effects?

Caution: foul language; death; implied sex between teenage boy and girl; pregnant teen.
Favorite quotes:

"'[Fables].... are the stories that humans tell, which motivate and inspire them. They use us as we might use a staff to walk, or a spear to kill - as a tool, or for sport and entertainment.'"

"We had to learn from nature in order to repair the damage humanity had done to it."

"If he had a mission then he didn't have to think about anything else."

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Climate Fiction (Cli-Fi) Recommendations and Reviews

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Start learningWhat do kids know?What can kids do?What should adults do?Share! Climate Fiction (Cli-Fi) Cli-Fi - Fictional writing that focuses on the effects of climate change and global warming As Earth's changing climate becomes an ever-increasing concern, readers are turning to Cli-Fi as a way to engage their imaginations and deal with their fears in...

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The Arizona State University Center for Science and Imagination has published a collection of science fiction stories, art, and essays exploring “human futures powered by solar energy, with an upbeat, solarpunk twist.”  (https://csi.asu.edu/books/weight/)

Available here in .pdf format

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Time capsule found on the dead planet by Margaret Atwood

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Time Capsule found on the Dead Planet by Margaret Atwood

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Time Capsule found on the Dead Planet by Margaret Atwood

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In December, 2009, world leaders gathered in Copenhagen to try to reach a global deal to tackle climate change. The UK newspaper ‘The Guardian’  asked authors, artists, and poets to produce new work in response to the climate crisis. Here is a piece by author Margaret Atwood, most known for her work The Handmaid’s Tale.

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1. In the first age, we created gods. We carved them out of wood; there was still such a thing as wood, then. We forged them from shining metals and painted them on temple walls. They were gods of many kinds, and goddesses as well. Sometimes they were cruel and drank our blood, but also they gave us rain and sunshine, favourable winds, good harvests, fertile animals, many children. A million birds flew over us then, a million fish swam in our seas.

Our gods had horns on their heads, or moons, or sealy fins, or the beaks of eagles. We called them All-Knowing, we called them Shining One. We knew we were not orphans. We smelled the earth and rolled in it; its juices ran down our chins.

2. In the second age we created money. This money was also made of shining metals. It had two faces: on one side was a severed head, that of a king or some other noteworthy person, on the other face was something else, something that would give us comfort: a bird, a fish, a fur-bearing animal. This was all that remained of our former gods. The money was small in size, and each of us would carry some of it with him every day, as close to the skin as possible. We could not eat this money, wear it or burn it for warmth; but as if by magic it could be changed into such things. The money was mysterious, and we were in awe of it. If you had enough of it, it was said, you would be able to fly.

3. In the third age, money became a god. It was all-powerful, and out of control. It began to talk. It began to create on its own. It created feasts and famines, songs of joy, lamentations. It created greed and hunger, which were its two faces. Towers of glass rose at its name, were destroyed and rose again. It began to eat things. It ate whole forests, croplands and the lives of children. It ate armies, ships and cities. No one could stop it. To have it was a sign of grace.

4. In the fourth age we created deserts. Our deserts were of several kinds, but they had one thing in common: nothing grew there. Some were made of cement, some were made of various poisons, some of baked earth. We made these deserts from the desire for more money and from despair at the lack of it. Wars, plagues and famines visited us, but we did not stop in our industrious creation of deserts. At last all wells were poisoned, all rivers ran with filth, all seas were dead; there was no land left to grow food.

Some of our wise men turned to the contemplation of deserts. A stone in the sand in the setting sun could be very beautiful, they said. Deserts were tidy, because there were no weeds in them, nothing that crawled. Stay in the desert long enough, and you could apprehend the absolute. The number zero was holy.

5. You who have come here from some distant world, to this dry lakeshore and this cairn, and to this cylinder of brass, in which on the last day of all our recorded days I place our final words:

Pray for us, who once, too, thought we could fly.

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Time capsule found on the dead planet by Margaret Atwood

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To support the launch of the 10:10 campaign to reduce carbon emissions, the Review asked some of our greatest authors to produce new work in response to the crisis

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Everything Change: An Anthology of Climate Fiction

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Arizona State University, Imagination and Climate Futures Initiative

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Arizona State University, Imagination and Climate Futures Initiative

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Everything Change: An Anthology of Climate Fiction, features twelve stories from the ASU Imagination and Climate Futures Initiative 2016 Short Story Contest. The forward is by sci-fi legend and contest judge Kim Stanley Robinson, and an interview with climate fiction author Paolo Bacigalupi is included at the end.

The collection is free to download, read, and share at the link here.

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Everything Change: An Anthology of Climate Fiction

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Everything Change features twelve stories from our 2016 Climate Fiction Short Story Contest along with a foreword by science fiction legend and contest judge Kim Stanley Robinson and an interview with renowned climate fiction author Paolo Bacigalupi.

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Cli-Fi (and some nature writing) from our library

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Cli-Fi (and some nature writing) from our library

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Take a look at some of these great cli-fi books in our library. Some of them are eBooks and can be found in Overdrive/Sora. If you want to check one out, but are having some trouble accessing it, send me an email and we’ll try to figure it out together.

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Collections by Follett is a new, collaborative way for educators to collect and share resources from anywhere, at any time, and with anyone.