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The Reading of Voltaire's tragedy of the Orphan of China in 1755

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The Enlightenment, also known as the Age of Reason, happened in the 18th century. The ideas of The Enlightment conflicts with France at that time. For example, the writers in the Enlightenment believed that all people should be treated equally, while in France there was three estates, and each of the estates are treated in very different manners. The Second estate hold the most power and riches, while some people in the First estate and third estates don't hold much power nor riches. The unfairly divided society and the thoughts of The Enlightenment could be seen as two of the main reasons of the French Revolution.

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The opening session of the General Assembly, 5 May 1789

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1789-The meetings of the Estates general

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1789-The meetings of the Estates general

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In May 1789, the Estates-General met at Versailles, and the Third Estate, being the Estate that had the lowest riches and fame, protested against the inequality. Louis XVI decided to disband the meeting, but the angry people of the Third Estate met inside the Tennis Court and called themselves the National Assembly.

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Because Louis XVI did not like the National Assembly, he sent soldiers to disband them. The furious people of Paris captured the Bastille, a prison in central Paris, beheaded the governor, and paraded his head around Paris. This marks the beginning of the French Revolution.

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August 26 1789-The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen

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August 26 1789-The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen

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The Fall of the Bastille encouraged the third estates even more. They attacked the houses of rich people, so they left France. The National Assembly had to solve it, so they released the Declaration of the rights of Man and the Citizen on 26 August 1789. It stated that all men are equal and have the freedom to speak or publish anything freely.

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Louis XVI and his family, dressed as bourgeois, arrested in Varennes

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After the constitution of 1791 occured which heavily reduced the king's power. After that, Louis XVI's family decided to secretly leave France. They planned to escape to Austria but they were caught in Varennes. They got captured and were sent back to Paris in jail.

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1792-Declares war with Austria, France becomes a Republic

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1792-Declares war with Austria, France becomes a Republic

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Austria and Prussia invaded France and they defeated the French in the Netherlands. The war continued for 5 more years. The National Assembly found evidence that Louis XVI wrote letters to European kings, asking for support so he could overthrow the revolution. Louis XVI was put on trial for treason, and the National Assembly declared France as a republic.

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The Execution of Louis XVI at the Place de la Révolution

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1793-Execution of Louis XVI, the Reign of Terror begins

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1793-Execution of Louis XVI, the Reign of Terror begins

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Louis XVI was found guilty, and he was guillotined on January 21th, 1793. Ironically, he was killed by the same kind of guillotine that he designed. 9 months later, Marie Antoinette, the sister of Leopold II, the Austrian king, was also declared guilty and guillotined. The monarchs of other countries were angered, and joined the invasion of France, together with Prussia and Austria. The National Assembly was renamed as the Convention, and they believed that only harsh governments could save the revolution. As a result, people lived in fear. 20,000 people and 1000 nobles were executed, and 300,000 people were apprehended. This is known as the Reign of Terror.

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The enemies of France were finally driven out and people thought that the Reign of Terror will end. In fact, it did not. But then, the members of the Convention were afraid of their own safety because Maximillen Robespierre sent the some of the members of the Convention to the guillotine. They arrested Robespierre and executed him, along with over 100 of his supporters in July 1794. This marks the end of the Reign of Terror.

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Napoleon Bonaparte became emperor in 1799. This marks the end of the French Revolution.